HACQUETIA 10/2 ' 2011, 149-170 DOI: 10.2478/v10028-011-0007-5 EUROPEAN HAZEL SHRUBS IN THE VEEKÄ FATRA MTS: SYNTAXONOMY AND NOMENCLATURE Jan KLIMENT! & Ivan JAROL^MEK• 2* Abstract The core of the article lies in syntaxonomical evaluation of 25 phytocoenological releves of the European hazel stands from the Vel'ka Fatra Mts (Central Slovakia, West Carpathians). These releves were classified by hierarchical clustering methods and compared with the original diagnoses of relevant associations. The authors suggest the new name for the invalidly described association Lonicero nigrae-Coryletum (Kulczynski 1928) Jurko 1964 (Prenantho purpurei-Coryletum) and set its nomenclatural type (neotype). Key words: Corylus avellana, mesophilous shrub vegetation, Corylo-Populion tremulae, phytosociology, Central Slovakia. Izvleček V članku smo sintaksonomsko ovrednotili 25 fitocenoloških popisov sestojev navadne leske z gorovja Vel'ka Fatra (srednja Slovaška, Zahodni Karpati). Popise smo klasificirali s hierarhično klastrsko metodo in primerjali z izvirnim opisom ustreznih asociacij. Avtorja predlagata novo ime za neveljavno opisano asociacijo Lonicero nigrae-Coryletum (Kulczynski 1928) Jurko 1964 (Prenantho purpurei-Coryletum) in določita nomenklaturni tip (neotip). Ključne besede: Corylus avellana, mezofilna grmišča, Corylo-Populion tremulae, fitocenologija, srednja Slovaška. INTRODUCTION 1972, Mercel 2006). They are preserved mainly in regions with extensive farming and scattered Stands dominated by European hazel (Corylus settlement (Valachovič 2002). In intensively culti- avellana) are typical vegetation elements of hilly vated agricultural land, during the reclamations landscape and mountainous areas in Slovakia. in the second half of the 20th century, they were They usually form belts of various width or en- more or less eliminated. Along the altitudinal claves along the field roads, on (abandoned) gradient from the Carpathian foothills to the balks, in meadow-pasture complexes or shrub inside of the high mountains of the West Car- belts on forest borders of broadleaved or second- pathians, the floristic composition changes and ary coniferous forests. They represent substitu- this was reflected in the description of two as- tive communities after the oak-hornbeam, beech sociations: Pruno spinosae-Coryletum Jurko 1964 or scree forests. In the past, their distribution was in the lower and warmer Carpathian foothills, significantly affected by man, who planted hazel and Lonicero nigrae-Coryletum (Kulczynski 1928) as a protection against grazing by live stock and Jurko 1964 in the higher altitudes of mountain re- woodland animals, or to demarcate boundaries gions (cf. Jurko 1964: 41-56, Tab. 4, 5). Based on between meadow parcels and small fields (Jurko three releves from slopes of the Plaša hill in the 1 Botanical Garden of the Comenius University, 038 15 Blatnica, Slovakia 2 Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 23 Bratislava, Slovakia. ^Corresponding author. E-mail: ivan.jarolimek@savba.sk Figure 1: Location map of studied area - Velka Fatra Mts with localities of releves (Table 1). Slika 1: Karta preučevanega območja - gorovje Velka Fatra s kraji popisov (Tabela 1). Bukovske vrchy Mts, in 810-825 a. s. l., the association Helleboro-Coryletum Hadač et Terray 1989 was described. It contains the East Carpathian migrants Helleborus purpurascens, Symphytum cor-datum and Aposeris foetida (Hadač & Terray 1989: 364-365, Tab. 14). Both West Carpathian associations were also found in the Vel'ka Fatra Mts (Figure 1). Jurko (1964, Tab. 5, r. 2, 15) published two releves of the association Lonicero (nigrae)-Coryletum from the surroundings of the villages of Vlkol^nec and Horny Harmanec, 730-900 m a. s. l. The releve of the association Pruno-Cory-letum comes probably from the borderline of the Turčianska kotlina Basin and the Vel'ka Fatra Mts from surroundings of the village Sklabina, 550 m a. s. l. (Jurko 1964, Tab. 4, r. 16). Also Kontriš et al. (2002, Tab. 1, r. 2, 5, 7, 8) assigned their releves from the northeastern periphery of the Vel'ka Fatra Mts (area Vlkol^nec - Podsucha southwards from the Ružomberok, 550-750 m a. s. l.) to the association Pruno-Coryletum. They divided the releves into two subassociations - typicum (r. 2, 5, 8) and cornetosum (r. 7), yet without citation of any author. During the vegetation season 2010 this fragmentary information was completed by new phytocoenological releves from the periphery of the mountain range, in particular from the localities where hazel stands are more frequent. Their syntaxonomical classification, together with an evaluation of earlier published releves is the core of this article. MATERIAL AND METHODS Phytocoenological releves by the authors, which are not yet published, from the Vel'ka Fatra Mts (25 r.), following the method of the Zürich-Montpellier school (Braun-Blanquet 1951; Westhoff & van der Maarel 1978) were compared with all other published releves from this territory (Kontriš et al. 2002, 4 r.) and with original diagnoses of the associations published by Jurko (1964, Tab. 4, 5; 47 r.). Our releves were made in older stands least affected by man. The size of the analysed releves was proportional to the shape and size of the stands. The area of the releves did not overlap with the contact zone containing species of adjacent fringes or meadows. Before synthesis, releves were stored in the database TURBOVEG (Hennekens & Schaminee 2001) and transformed to the nine-degree scale (van der Maarel 1979). Regarding differences of input data (non-separated layers for most of the woody plants and absence of mosses in published releves), the rel-eves were modified in the FYTOPACK program (Jarol^mek & Schlosser 1997). In this program, also the final phytocoenological tables were arranged. To improve the comparability of input data, some narrowly defined species were included to wider defined species (Cardaminopsis areno-sa and C. carpatica to C. arenosa agg., Galeobdolon luteum and G. montanum to G. luteum s. l., Galium album and G. mollugo to G. mollugo agg., Glechoma hederacea and G. hirsuta to G. hederacea s. l., Pulmonaria obscura and P. officinalis to P. officinalis agg., Valeriana *sambucifolia and V. officinalis to V. officinalis agg.). The prepared data were classified by the program HierClus from the program package SYN-TAX 2000 (Podani 2001), using Ružička's and Jaccard's coefficients of similarity and the ß-flexible method of clustering with coefficient ß = -0.25. The final tables reflect the different character of the input data. The phytocoenological table of all releves made by the authors in the study area (Table 1) contains complete data on layers and mosses. In the shortened synoptic table (Table 2), data from the constancy table of Kulczynski (1928) are also included. In this table, cover values of layers E2 and Ei were merged and mosses excluded in our data. In the table (Table 1), the degree 2 was further differentiated (2m, 2a, 2b; cf. Barkman et al. 1964) in shortened form m, a, b. The analysed community is dominated by woody plants, so in the table, trees and shrubs with all relevant layers are grouped together, followed by herb and moss layer data. Values of frequency of individual species (in %) are indicated by average cover in an ordinal nine degree scale (upper index). The shortened synoptic table (Table 2) shows, besides the running number of the community, also data on the number of releves per unit and the average number of taxa in the community. In order to merge all data with the constancy table of Kulczynski (1928), columns contain frequency values of species (in %), completed by the range of cover values in Braun-Blanquet's seven-degree scale (upper index). Column 5, representing only four releves, contains the numbers of occurrences in italics. Differential taxa of the associations follow from the shortened synoptic table (Table 2). Together with the differential taxa of variants, values of their frequency are highlighted in bold. The definitions of diagnostic taxa of the higher units follow Moravec et al. (2000) and Jarol^mek et al. (2008a). In the tables, they are marked in the first column by abbreviations explained below. All taxa with frequency above 60 % were considered as constant. The nomenclature of vascular plants and mosses follows the Checklist of non-vascular and vascular plants of Slovakia (Marhold et al. 1998; Kubinska & Janovicova 1998). An asterisk (*) in the phytocoenological tables substitutes the species name within the subspecies name. For species absent in the Checklist the citation of the author is given. Nomenclature of syntaxa and assignment to the higher units are in accordance with Jarol^mek et al. (2008b). Nomenclatu-ral problems were solved following the rules and recommendations of the International Code of Phytocoenological Nomenclature (IPCN; Weber et al. 2000). Basionym (Bas.) is a name which is the basis for a nomen novum and is linked to the nomenclatural type (cf. Weber 2003: 402). In the phytocoenological tables we used the following abbreviations for higher syntaxa: ac = Acerenion, ai = Alnion incanae, as = Arctio-Sambu-cion nigrae, be = Berberidion, cb = Carpinion betuli, cf = Cephalanthero-Fagenion, Fs = Fagetalia sylvati-cae, fs = Fagion sylvaticae, gs = Geranion sangui-nei, pc = Populo tremulae-Corylion, QF = Querco-Fagetea, Qp = Quercetalia pubescenti-petraeae, RP = Rhamno-Prunetea, ss = Sambuco-Salicion capreae, ta = Tilio-Acerion, TG = Trifolio-Geranietea, tm = Trifolion medii. Diagnostic taxa of closely related alliances, which separately have a low differential value for corresponding syntaxa, were merged with higher syntaxa (e.g. alliances of the order Quercetalia pubescenti-petraeae). Releves are localized by the geographical coordinate system WGS-84. RESULTS The comparison of unpublished and published releves from the Vel'ka Fatra Mts and original diagnoses of the West Carpathian European hazel communities provided a series of dendrograms, which directed the syntaxonomical classification of releves and the arrangement of tables. From this comparison we conclude that, despite the partially transitional character of the floristic composition of hazel stands in the Vel'ka Fatra Mts, they can be classified to the West Carpathian mountain community published as Lonicero nigrae-Coryletum (Kulczynski 1928) Jurko 1964. Yet a more detailed study of the original diagnosis showed that the name of the community was published invalidly. The explanation of the syntaxonomical classification of releves from the Vel'ka Fatra Mts, including published releves, and the arguments for the creation of a new name for European hazel stands in mountainous areas, are part of the discussion. Prenantho purpurei-Coryletum avellanae (Kulczynski 1928) Kliment et Jarol^mek, nom. nov. hoc loco Bas.: Coryletum avellanae Kulczynski 1928: 134 (Art. 31) Syn.: Lonicero nigrae-Coryletum (Kulczynski 1928) Jurko 1964 [original form of the name: Lonicero (nigrae)-Coryletum (Kulcz. 28) em. Jko 64] (Art. 3f); Lonicero (nigrae)-Coryletumpiennini-cum Jurko 1964 (Art. 2b, 34a) Incl.: Corylus avellana-Aegopodium podagraria community (Checko et Szajda 2004), Corylus avellana-Oxalis acetosella community (Checko et Szajda 2004) Non: Coryletum Beger 1922 (cf. Beger 1922: 81-84), Coryletum avellanae von Soo 1927 (cf. Soo 1927: 62-64) Nomenclatural type: Jurko 1964, Tab. 5, r. 9, lectotypus hoc loco Table 1, Table 2, column 4 Differential taxa against Pruno spinosae-Cory-letum (all species without indications are herbs): Acerpseudoplatanus E3, E2, Ei, Actaea spicata, Aju-ga reptans, Astrantia major, Carex digitata, Chaero-phyllum aromaticum, Cirsium erisithales, Cruciata glabra, Dentaria bulbifera, Dryopteris filix-mas, Fagus sylvatica E2, Ei, Fraxinus excelsior E3, E2, Ei, Galeobdolon luteum, Galium odoratum, Lis-tera ovata, Maianthemum bifolium, Melampyrum nemorosum, Mercurialis perennis, Neottia nidus-avis, Oxalis acetosella, Paris quadrifolia, Polygona-tum verticillatum, Prenanthes purpurea, Ranunculus lanuginosus, Rubus idaeus, Salvia glutinosa, Senecio germanicus, S. ovatus, Sorbus aucuparia Ei, Stachys sylvatica, Tithymalus amygdaloides, Viburnum opulus Ei. Constant taxa: Corylus avellana E2 (dom.), Ei, Crataegus laevigata E2, Ei, Fraxinus excelsior E3, E2, Ei, Lonicera xylosteum Ei, Swida sanguinea Ei, Viburnum opulus Ei, Aegopodiumpodagraria, Ajuga reptans, Asarum europaeum, Campanula rapuncu-loides, C. trachelium, Fragaria vesca, Galeobdolon luteum, Heracleum sphondylium, Melica nutans, Polygonatum multiflorum, Primula elatior, Pulmonaria obscura. Description: Species rich shrub community (37-76, on the average 46 species per releve) dominated by European hazel (Corylus avellana) that reaches a height of (3) 4-5 m, older stands are up to 6-7 (8) m high. Hazel grows in groups and in gaps between them, especially in older stands the cover of the shrub layer decreases and so the cover of E2 oscillates between 75-98 %. At the edge of stands or in their less densely shaded parts also other shrubs grow, such as Crataegus laevigata, Ligustrum vulgare, Lonicera xylosteum, Prunus spinosa, Swida sanguinea, Viburnum lan-tana, V. opulus, in the lower layer also Daphne mezereum, Rhamnus catharticus, Ribes uva-crispa a. o., as well as the semi shrubs Rosa canina agg. and Rubus idaeus. The occurrence of tree species is the typical feature of the stands, particularly of Acer campestre, Fraxinus excelsior; less frequent are Acer pseudoplatanus, Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies, Populus tremula a. o. Here and there, they stand out from the shrubs and reach a height of 8-12 m. They are much more frequent and abundant in the herb layer. Its cover varies depending on the age of stands, on the pattern of European hazel and shrub and tree layer cover between 15-75 (85) %, most frequently around 50 %. Syn-genetic relations to beech forests are indicated by the number of Fagetalia species (Table 1, 2) such as *Actaea spicata, Aegopodium podagraria, Asarum europaeum, Campanula trachelium, *Carex digitata, *Dentaria bulbifera, *Dryopteris filix-mas, *Galeobdolon luteum, *Galium odoratum, Geranium robertianum, *Mercurialis perennis, *Neottia nidus-avis, *Paris quadrifolia, Polygonatum multiflorum, *P. verticillatum, Pulmonaria obscura, Symphytum tuberosum, *Tithymalus amygdaloides, Viola reichen-bachiana. Most of them (marked by*) differentiate the association Prenantho-Coryletum against the association Pruno-Coryletum, which is typical for hilly landscape. The abundance of mosses depends on the share of skeleton in the soil. The more frequent species are Brachythecium rutabu-lum, B. salebrosum, Eurhynchium hians, Plagiom-nium affine, and P. undulatum. Stands of the association Prenantho-Coryletum were found on medium to steep slopes (15-35°, prevailingly 20-25°) with various aspect, at altitudes from (450) 550 to 800 m a. s. l. They form belts of various width and enclaves along field roads, at bounds on submontane meadows, at grass slopes (Figure 2), at the bottoms of small and shallow valleys, at forest mantles, at margins of ravines or at deforested corridors for high voltage power cables. They occupy shallow, usually weakly skeletal (rocks, rarely gravel), modest to fresh moist, crumbly, well aerated, and only rarely more compact soils on lime stones, sporadically on slates (releves 23, 24). Skeleton occupies a portion of 2-5 (10) %, rarely 30 % of the surface. In some places the soil surface is without skeleton, in others the skeleton is of allochthonous origin - it was probably collected in the past from surrounding meadow-pasture complexes. The soil surface is characterized by the decomposition of sticks, detritus and litter. Depening on altitude as well as the cover of shrub and herb layers, two well-differed variants were distinguished within the association (Figure 3, Table 1). The variant typicum (Table 1, block A) contains more open stands of the European hazel (cover E2 75-95 %) with high cover of the herb Figure 2: The European hazel stands form an important feature of (sub) mountain landscape of the West Carpathian range (photo near the village of Vlkol^nec on north-east part of the Velka Fatra Mts). Slika 2: Sestoji navadne leske dajejo značilni videz (sub)montanski krajini Zahodnih Karpatov (fotografija posneta v bližini vasi Vlkol^nec v severovzhodnem delu gorovja Velka Fatra). Figure 3: Dendrogram of the Prenantho purpurei-Coryletum avellanae releves from the Velka Fatra Mts. Number of releves are the same as in the table (Table 1). A - typical variant; B - variant with Melampyrum nemo-rosum. Program used HierClus from the SYN-TAX 2000 (Podani 2001), with Ružička's coefficient of similarity and ß-flexible method of clustering with coefficient ß = -0.25. Slika 3: Dendrogram popisov asociacije Prenantho purpurei-Coryletum avellanae z gorovja Velka Fatra. Številke popisov so enake kot v tabeli (Tabela 1). A - tipična varianta; B - varianta z vrsto Melampyrum nemorosum. Uporabili smo program HierClus iz paketa SYN-TAX 2000 (Podani 2001) s koeficientom podobnosti po Ružički in ß-fleksibilno metodo klastriranja s koeficientom ß = -0.25. layer (50-85 %, on average 65 %; Figure 4), localised mostly at altitudes above 700 m a. s. l. [(450) 590-800 m, on average 710 m]. In closed but relatively narrow stands the development of the herb layer is supported by the sunlight that penetrates stands from the margins (cf. Kontriš 1966: 61). Against the following variant it is well differed by a numerous group of predominantly mountain species (trees, herbs and mosses) with higher demands of soil moisture and nutrients: Acer platanoides, A. pseudoplatanus, Sambucus nigra, Rosa pendulina, Geranium robertianum, Poa nemoralis, Galium odoratum, Mercurialis perennis (dom.), Rubus idaeus, Geranium phaeum, Polygona- Figure 4: Interior of the European hazel stand near the village of Čremošne (Table 1, releve 2). Slika 4: Notranjost sestoja navadne leske pri vasi Čremošne (Tabela 1, popis 2). tum verticillatum, Ranunculus lanuginosus, Rubus saxatilis, Convallaria majalis, Senecio ovatus, Valeriana excelsa subsp. sambucifolia, Digitalis grandi-flora, Epilobium montanum, Milium effusum, Pre-nanthespurpurea, Luzula luzuloides, Brachythecium populeum, and Pseudoleskeella nervosa. The variant with Melampyrum nemorosum (Table 1, block B) includes rather closed hazel stands (cover E2 85-98 %) with a markedly lower cover of the herb layer [15-40 (60) %, on average 33 %)], situated at lower altitude: (500) 555-640 m, on average 590 m. Against the previous variant some woody species differentiate (Acer campestre, Rhamnus catharticus, Frangula al-nus, Euonymus europaeus) as well as the mixture of species from limestone beech forests, meso-philous fringes and surrounding meadows that penetrate into the marginal parts of the stands (Melampyrum nemorosum, Neottia nidus-avis, Be-tonica officinalis, Listera ovata, Cirsium erisithales, Hieracium murorum, Hypericum hirsutum, Ranun- culus acris) together with some mosses (Brachythecium rutabulum, Plagiomnium affine). In the floristic composition of stands, the specific position of the Velka Fatra Mts within the central mountain range of the West Carpathians is reflected by higher participation of (sub)xero-thermophilous taxa in some communities also at higher altitudes (cf. Uhl^fovä et al. 1999; Kli-ment 2002; Kliment & Bernätovä 2006; Kliment et al. 2008). Besides the numerous differential species of the association Prenantho-Coryletum these stands contain most of the already mentioned differential species of the association Pru-nospinosae-Coryletum (Table 2); quite frequent are Prunus spinosa, Rosa canina, Viburnum lantana, Li-gustrum vulgare, and Clinopodium vulgare. Due to these species, Hazel stands in the Velka Fatra Mts occupy an intermediary position between both associations, which is evident especially in the variant with Melampyrum nemorosum (Acer campestre and Euonymus europaeus are concentrated within this variant). Larger and abundant hazel stands still occur in the surroundings of the municipalities of Hubova, Ružomberok (Černovske luky meadows, area of Biely Potok - Vlkol^nec) and Liptovs-ke Revuce (cf. Jurko 1964, 1972), less frequently also in other localities (Čremošne, Sklabinsky Podzamok). DISCUSSION Syntaxonomical position of the West Carpathian European hazel stands in mountain areas and their relation to those in hilly landscapes; correct name of the association Opinions on the syntaxonomical classification of the West Carpathian (sub)mountain hazel stands diverge. Some of the Polish authors, e.g. Checko & Szajda (2004: 182) hold the opinion that hazel stands represent transitionary stages within the succession, with a species composition slightly changed in comparison with the broadleaved forests from which they emerged after deforestation, and consequently will shift back to forest with hazel prevailing in the shrub layer. Thus, hazel stands do not deserve the rank of an association. Hazel stands in the Pieniny Mts have been classified as communities of the alliance Fagion sylvati-cae (Checko & Szajda 2004: 157, Tab. 5, 7). For the same reason the mesophilous shrub hazel com- munities are missing in the survey of plant communities of Poland (Matuszkiewicz 1984, 2001). On the other hand pure hazel stands from the Polish side of the Pieniny Mts were classified already by Kulczynski (1928: 134-136) as Coryletum avellanae and documented by a constancy table that was unusually based on 4 phytocoenological releves only (!). Jurko (1964: 48-56, Tab. 5) identified with this association hazel stands which he described from (sub)mountain locations of the West Carpathians. According to one of the differential species of the association he named this community Lonicero (nigrae)-Coryletum (Kulcz. 28) em. Jko; stands from the Pieniny Mts he classified as a specific race Lonicero (nigrae)-Coryle-tum pienninicum. Within the alliance Corylo-Pop-ulion tremulae Br.-Bl. 1961 the association Lonicero nigrae-Coryletum (Kulczynski 1928) Jurko 1964 was published in the following years in sporadic works describing mountain hazel shrubs (Urbanova 1977, Tab. 14; Hadač & Terray 1989, Tab. 13; Hrivnak & Cvachova 1999: 23), and also in vegetation (or biotope) surveys from Slovakia (Mucina & Maglocky 1985: 210; Valachovič 2002: 36; Jarol^mek et al. 2008b: 316 a o.). Mutual comparison of the original diagnoses of the associations Lonicero nigrae-Coryletum and Coryletum avellanae (Table 2, column 2, 3) points out a considerable correspondence in flo-ristic composition between both communities. Hazel stands recorded by Kulczynski (1928) partially differ by several species of mesophilous or hydrophilous meadows and pastures (Agros-tis capillaris, Alchemilla monticola, Carex echinata, Carlina acaulis, Danthonia decumbens, Potentilla erecta a. o.) that participate. Both communities actually belong to the same association. However, in his original table Kulczynski (l. c.) did not mention Lonicera nigra (only L. xylosteum), and therefore the new name proposed by Jurko (1964) was published invalidly (Art. 3f). The original name Coryletum avellanae Kulczynski 1928 cannot be used for the community under discussion, because it is a younger homonym of the often cited Coryletum avellanae von Soo 1927 (incl. Coryletum mixtum), described from the Bükk Mts in the North Hungary (Soo 1927: 62-64). In harmony with the regulations of IPCN (Art. 3f, 21, 31, 39; recommendation 21A) we thus proposed for the (sub)montane European hazel stands in the West Carpathians the name Prenantho purpurei-Coryle-tum avellanae (Kulczynski 1928) nom. nov. As a nomenclatural type (neotype) we chose a releve from the Southern slopes of the Pieniny Mts near the village of Stranany, 780 m a. s. l. (Jurko 1964, Tab. 5, r. 9). Jurko (1964: 54) differentiated the more or less montane association Lonicero (nigrae)-Coryletum (530-920 m a. s. l.) against the association Pruno spinosae-Coryletum (320-680 m a. s. l.), which is confined rather to hilly areas by a group of 19 local characteristic and differential species. Most of them are valid if (preliminary) tested with the material presented in this article (Table 2); both associations occupy more or less complementary areas (cf. Jurko 1964: 42, Fig. 13). Unlike for the montane community Jurko did not state differential species for the association Pruno-Coryletum, and that implies some problems concerning the differentiation of these communities. Let us evaluate the hazel stands from the Liptovska kotlina Basin, 520-790 m a. s. l., (Kontriš 1966: 59-66, Tab. 5) as an example. They were assigned by the author, probably based on woody species composition, to the association Pruno-Coryletum. From the 14 taxa that locally differentiate against the association Ligustro-Prunetum (p. 62) as shown in this publication, 10 species were originally used as differential species for the Lonicero ni-grae-Coryletum (= Prenantho-Coryletum) against Pruno-Coryletum, and 5 of them (Populus tremula, Mercurialis perennis, Dryopteris filix-mas, Luzula luzuloides, Polygonatum verticillatum) were stated as differential species by Jurko (1964: 54). Several other differential species of the association Lonicero-Coryletum, mentioned by Jurko, occur with lower constancy (II, I) in table 5. Kontriš (l. c.) did not mention the association Lonicero-Coryletum. Comparing the original diagnoses of both associations (Jurko 1964, Tab. 4, 5) resulted in a group of species, which can be preliminarily accepted as differential species for the Pruno-Coryletum (Table 2, column 1). The diagnostic value of some of them seems to be weak (Prunus spinosa, Rosa canina, Acer campestre), because they occur also in the Liptovska kotlina Basin (Kontriš 1966, Tab. 5) and in the Vel'ka Fatra Mts (Kontriš et al. 2002, Tab. 1; Tab. 2 in this article). only further phytocoenological research that covers the whole of Slovakia and consequent analysis of releves will shed light on the final differentiation between both associations. Clarification of the correct name of the community from the Carpathian foothills, which was described as Pruno-Coryletum (cf. Jarol^mek et al. 2008b: 316), is beyond the scope of this article. The relation between the European hazel stands in the West Carpathians and the Alps Exner & Willner (2007: 78) included in the extremely widely defined association Populo tremu-lae-Coryletum Br.-Bl. ex Kielhauser 1954 (Populo tremulae-Corylion) not only the association Roso vosagiacae-Coryletum oberd. 1957 [recte: Roso glaucae-Coryletum; cf. oberdorfer 1957: 521] but also the West Carpathian communities Pruno spi-nosae-Coryletum Jurko 1964 and Lonicero nigrae--Coryletum Jurko 1964. Kielhauser (1954, Tab. 2) made phytocoenological releves of the association Coryleto-Populetum in the Alps on dry and warm slopes of the valleys, which are affected by the intra-mountain continentality, and also at mezophilous habitats (rel. 4-9) in the (690) 930-1 000 m a. s. l. Great habitat differences were reflected in the species composition (mixture of thermo- and mezophilous species) and in the classification of the community within the alliance Berberidion (Kielhauser 1954: 189). The same classification was also used by Wirth (1993: 60, ut Populo-Coryletum Br.-Bl. 1950 nom. inv.), but he included (as syntax. syn.) only the more ther-mophilous community Pruno spinosae-Coryletum Jurko 1964. The comparison of the association Populo tremulae-Coryletum and the communities described from the Western Carpathians (Table 2) showed, that this community differs from both the Carpathian communities, not only regarding the above mentioned specific intra-mountain climate in the Alps, but also by the different floristic composition. This dissimilarity is evident from the list of diagnostic species stated in the original diagnosis (Kielhauser 1954, Tab. 2) or in later surveys (Wirth 1993: 66; Exner & Willner 2007: 78). We conclude that, despite the similar altitude and partially identical species composition (occurrence of several mesophilous species), the associations Populo tremulae-Coryletum and Lonicero nigrae-Coryletum (i. e. Prenantho purpurei-Coryle-tum) represent two distinctive communities and their identification is not correct. From the territory of the Czech Republic and Hungary the association Lonicero nigrae-Coryle-tum has not yet been registered yet (cf. Moravec 1995, Borhidi & Kevey 1996); the classification of the similar European hazel stands in the Polish part of the Western Carpathians is mentioned above. Syntaxonomical classification of the European hazel stands from the Velka Fatra Mts In the Vel'ka Fatra Mts, a large number of plant taxa attain the highest groeth within Slovakia (cf. Kliment & Bernatova 2006, Kliment et al. 2008). This is its phytogeographical specificity. Regarding the differential species for the association Pruno spinosae-Coryletum (Table 2, column 1) that were stated above, in the hazel stands in the Vel'ka Fatra Mts (Table 2, column 4) Acer campestre, Pru-nus spinosa, Rosa canina and Viburnum lantana occur most frequently, Ligustrum vulgare and Clino-podium vulgare are relatively frequent. Their participation is noticeable especially in the variant with Melampyrum nemorosum which is typical for lower altitudes of mountains (Table 1, block B), yet according to data in the literature (Kliment & Bernatova 2006, Kliment et al. 2008) Acer campestre grows in the Vel'ka Fatra Mts up to 1 000 m, Clino-podium vulgare up to 1 470 m, Ligustrum vulgare up to 950 m, Prunus spinosa up to 1 150 m, Viburnum lantana up to 1 140 m. The ambiguous diagnostic value of some species considered to be differential species is mentioned above. On the other hand, there is a firm block of species (Table 2, column 4), which well differs the hazel stands in the Vel'ka Fatra Mts against the association Pruno spinosae-Coryletum and warrants their classification within the association Prenantho-Coryletum (e.g. Fraxinus excelsior, Fagus sylvatica, Acer pseudoplatanus, Viburnum opulus, Ajuga reptans, Galeobdolon luteum, Po-lygonatum multiflorum, Dryopterisfilix-mas, Actaea spicata, Astrantia major, Chaerophyllum aromaticum, Maianthemum bifolium, Melampyrum nemorosum, see also community description in the results). Altitude plays an important, yet not decisive role for the species composition of stands and their classification. Besides the low limit of the altitude range of releves in the original table of the association Lonicero nigrae-Coryletum (530-920 m), the vertical distribution of analysed stands belonging to the typical variant (e.g. r. 4 in Tab. 1, 450 m) and stands of the association Lonicero-Coryletum from the Bukovske vrchy Mts (270-370 m, Hadač & Terray 1989, Tab. 13) further support this inter-pertation. From this point of view we can evaluate also the additional, formerly published releves of hazel stands from the Vel'ka Fatra Mts (Kontriš et al. 2002, Tab. 1, r. 5, 8, 2, 7). The authors have classified releves from the northwestern part of the mountain range (Vlkol^nec - Podsucha, 550- 750 m) to the association Pruno-Coryletum Jurko 1964, subassociation typicum (r. 2, 5, 8), and corne-tosum (r. 7). Similarly to our releves, also in those numerous differential species of this association occur, for example Prunus spinosa, Rosa canina, Acer campestre, Clinopodium vulgare, Galium mol-lugo agg. and Viburnum lantana (Tab. 2, column 5). Considering the floristic composition of both associations, including differential species, we conclude that most of the releves from Kontriš et al. (l. c.) belong to the Prenantho-Coryletum (r. 2, 7, 8) and releve no. 5 lies in an intermediary position between both associations. The task of assigning releves to subassociations is difficult. They were invalidly described by Jurko (1972: 621) (art. 2b, nomen nudum). He differentiated them only by territory and bedrock (typical sub-association: Krupinska planina Plain and Javorie Mts, volcanic rocks, subassociation with Cornus mas: Slovensky Kras Karst, Stražovske vrchy Mts a. o., limestone). Kontriš et al. (2002) assigned to this subassociation, in contrast with its definition, a releve from the stand dominated by Swida sanguinea (Table 1, r. 7), which is more similar to the mesophilous variant with Cornus sanguinea (ass. Ligustro-Prunetum), described from the neighbouring Liptovska kotlina Basin (Kontriš 1966, Tab. 3, r. 20-35). To clarify these issues and to more unambiguously express our solution of the syntaxonomi-cal classification of the hazel stands in the Vel'ka Fatra Mts with their transitional floristic composition, will be possible only after gathering and analysing more data from all over Slovakia. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The contribution was supported by grant VEGA no. 2/0059/11. The authors are indebted to Richard Hrivnak (Zvolen) for friendly collaboration during recording of some releves and for providing photos, Anna Petrašova (Banska Bystrica) for determination of mosses, Blažena Benčat'ova (Zvolen), Ewa Checko (Olkusz) and František Krahulec (Praha) for providing hardly accessible literature, Milan Chytry (Brno) for his comments on the typification procedure, to Jindrich Chrtek jr. and Zbigniew Szel^g (Krakow) for elucidation of problematic data on occurring species of the genus Hieracium in Pieniny Mts, and Rastislav Lasak (Bratislava) for designing the map of the studied territory. REFERENCES Barkman, J. J., Doing, H. & Segal, S. 1964. Kritische Bemerkungen und Vorschläge zur quantitativen Vegetationsanalyse. Acta Botan-ica Neerlandica 13: 394-419. Beger, H. K. E. 1922. Assoziationsstudien in der Waldstufe des Schanfiggs. Jahresber. Naturf. Ges. Graubündens 1921/22, Beil.: 1-147. Borhidi, A. & Kevey, B. 1996. 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In: Whittaker, R. H. (ed.): Classification of plant communities. W. Junk, The Hague, pp. 289-399. LOCALITIES OF RELEVES Explanations: JKl - Jan Kliment, RH - Richard Hrivnak, VF - Vel'ka Fatra Mts, r. - releve, v. - village, n. l. - north latitude, e. l. - east longitude 1. VF, v. Turčianske Jaseno, part Horne Jaseno, hazel stand below the field road eastwards from the village, surface mildly debris (with single rocks), hazel in groups; coordinates: 49° 01' 02,4" n. l., 19° 00' 25,6" e. l., coordinate accuracy: ± 8 m, altitude: 653 m, orientation of slope: NW (322°), inclination: 20°, size of releve: 12 x 7 m, cover: E2 95 %, Ei 85 %, Eo 1 %, height: E2 5 m, Ei 80/40 cm, datum: 10. 6. 2010, author of releve: JKl. 2. VF, v. Čremošne, above the field road (yellow tourist sign), between cottages and ski lift, surface mildly debris, hazel in groups; 48° 50' 59,1" n. l., 18° 55' 19,6" e. l., ± 7 m, 776 m, SW (230°), inclination 20°, 13 x 5 m, E3 20 %, E2 80 %, E1 75 %, E0 1 %, height E3 11 m, E2 5-7 m, Ei 30-50 cm, 17. 6. 2010, JKl, RH. 3. VF, v. Čremošne, slope above the asphalt road to the village, near the secondary spruce forest below the top of a small crest; 48° 50' 41,2" n. l., 18° 54' 53,6" e. l., ± 8 m, 703 m, SE (116°), inclination 20°, 10 x 7 m, E3 5 % (margin), E2 75 %, Ei 50 %, Eo 30 %, height E2 6-8 m, Ei 50/15 cm, 17. 6. 2010, JKl, RH. 4. VF, v. Hubova, wider belt of hazel stand (along the fall line) above the upper end of the village (near roadhouse), scattered rocks on the surface, crown canopy ± regular; 49° 07' 09,4" n. l., 19° 11' 51,3" e. l., ± 6 m, 450 m, NNE (34°), inclination 35°, 6 x 10 m, E2 90 %, E1 75 %, E0 2 %, height E2 4 m, E1 80/40/10 cm, 30. 6. 2010, JKl. 5. VF, v. Hubova, stand of hazel on foothill between the Kutny vrch Mt. (733,3 m) and Maly Smrekovec Mt. (819,0 m), surface mildly debris; 49° 06' 55,7" n. l., 19° 11' 59,2" e. l., ± 8 m, 502 m, W (267°), inclination 20°, 7 x 15 m, E2 95 %, E1 35 %, E0 2 %, height E2 4 m, E1 40/15 cm, 30. 6. 2010, JKl. 6. VF, v. Hubova, south from the village, base of slope above mouth of the valley towards to the Maly Smrekovec Mt., stand of hazel below the secondary spruce forest, hazel in groups; 49° 06' 46,8" n. l., 19° 11' 55,2" e. l., ± 17 m, 557 m, SW (225°), inclination 35°, 12 x 8 m, E2 85 %, E1 60 %, E0 1 %, height E2 4-5 m, E1 -, 30. 6. 2010, JKl. 7. as 6, higher in the valley, below the high voltage transmission line, surface mildly debris; 49° 06' 43,0" n. l., 19° 11' 56,5" e. l., ± 22 m, 555 m, SW (220°), inclination 25°, 10 x 8 m, E2 90 %, E1 30 %, E0 1 %, height E2 3,5-4 (6) m, E1 -, 30. 6. 2010, JKl. 8. VF, town Ružomberok, part Černova, Černovske luky Meadows, southeast part, below the field road, relatively young stand with non-equal crown canopy; 49° 05' 55,6" n. l., 19° 14' 08,8" e. l., ± 7 m, 576 m, ENE (60°), inclination 20°, 12 x 5 m, E2 95 %, E1 35 %, E0 1 %, height E2 4 m, Ei 45/15 cm, 2. 7. 2010, JKl. 9. as 8, east margin of meadows below the top of forested lateral crest, older stand of hazel, hazel in groups; 49° 05' 55,8" n. l., 19° 14' 01,6" e. l., ± 8 m, 598 m, N (351°), inclination 15°, 15 x 7 m, E2 90 %, E1 25 %, E0 1 %, height E2 6 m, Ei 35/10 cm, 2. 7. 2010, JKl. 10. as 8, middle part of meadows below the high voltage transmission line, hazel in groups; 49° 06' 03,6" n. l., 19° 13' 49,5" e. l., ± 7 m, 580 m, SW (312°), inclination 20°, 15 x 8 m, E2 90 %, Ei 40 %, Eo 2 %, height E2 5 m, Ei -, 2. 7. 2010, JKl. 11. as 8, middle part of meadows below the field road, east from shallow valley, surface mildly debris (rocks to boulders); 49° 06' 02,7" n. l., 19° 13' 36,8" e. l., ± 7 m, 587 m, N (11°), inclination 15°, 10 x 10 m, E3 15 %, E2 85 %, E1 80 %, Eo 5 %, height E3 11-12 m, E2 6-7 m, Ei 40-70/20/10 cm, 2. 7. 2010, JKl. 12. as 8, west margin of meadows, stand of hazel above the occasional right-side tributary of the Bystry potok Brook (coomb); 49° 06' 12,3" n. l., 19° 13' 21,5" e. l., 612 m, SW (323°), inclination 20°, 10 x 10 m, E2 90 %, Ei 20 %, Eo 1 %, height E2 4 m, Ei 30/10 cm, 2. 7. 2010, JKl. 13. as 8, north-western part of meadows, hazel of various age, stand on slightly convex crest below the field road; 49° 06' 04,7" n. l., 19° 13' 32,6" e. l., ± 7 m, 585 m, E (90°), inclination 15°, 10 x 8 m, E3 20 %, E2 90 %, E1 20 %, E0 1 %, height E3 9 m, E2 6 m, Ei 60/10-20 cm, 9. 7. 2010, JKl. 14. as 13, wide belt of hazel stand in meadow complex, hazel in groups; 49° 06' 07,7" n. l., 19° 13' 26,0" e. l., ± 7 m, 619 m, NE (38°), inclination 15°, 8 x 12 m, E3 10 %, E2 95 %, Ei 15 %, Eo 1 %, height E3 8 m, E2 (3) 5-6 m, E1 -, 9. 7. 2010, JKl. 15. as 14, stand of hazel along the contour line in meadow-pasture complex on foothill of the Sucha horka Mt. (750,1 m), hazel in groups; 49° 06' 09,4" n. l., 19° 13' 18,0" e. l., ± 10 m, 632 m, NE (39°), inclination 15°, 15 x 7 m, E3 15 %, E2 85 %, Ei 25 %, Eo 1 %, height E3 10 m, E2 (2) 4-5 m, Ei -, 9. 7. 2010, JKl. 16. VF, town Ružomberok, part Biely Potok, foothill of the Sidorovo Mt. (1 099,0 m) west from the village south-east from the yellow tourist path, stand of hazel along the contour line (former balk?), surface debris (rocks to boulders 30 %); 49° 02' 27,5" n. l., 19° 17' 36,8" e. l., ± 8 m, 570 m, NE (50°), irregular inclination 20-30°, 15 x 6 m, E3 10 %, E2 90 %, Ei 30 %, Eo 15 %, height E3 8 m, E2 3,5-4 m, Ei -, 21. 7. 2010, JKl. 17. south-south-east from r. 16, stand of hazel at the bottom of shallow valley; 49° 02' 19,3" n. l., 19° 17' 26,0" e. l., ± 7 m, 596 m, E (105°), inclination 20°, 10 x 10 m, E2 95 %, Ei 50 %, Eo 5 %, height E2 5 m, Ei 35/15 cm, 21. 7. 2010, JKl. 18. south-south-east from r. 17, stand of hazel along the contour line, surface locally debris; 49° 02' 15,6" n. l., 19° 17' 22,8" e. l., ± 8 m, 613 m, ESE (120°), inclination 25°, 15 x 6 m, E3 5 %, E2 95 %, Ei 40 %, Eo 3 %, height E3 7-8 m, E2 4-5 m, E1 40/15 cm, 21. 7. 2010, JKl. 19. south-east from r. 18; 49° 02' 14,2" n. l., 19° 17' 19,5" e. l., ± 10 m, 640 m, E (90°), inclination 25°, 20 x 5 m, E2 95 %, Ei 50 %, Eo 1 %, height E2 5 (6) m, Ei -, 21. 7. 2010, JKl. 20. south-south-east from r. 19, low part of hazel stand below the forest, hazel in groups, surface locally debris; 49° 02' 09,8" n. l., 19° 17' 17,3" e. l., ± 12 m, 640 m, ESE, inclination 25°, 20 x 5 m, E2 98 %, Ei 15 %, Eo 1 %, height E2 5 (6) m, Ei -, 21. 7. 2010, JKl. 21. VF, v. Liptovske Revuce, part Stredna Revu-ca, mouth of the valley Mala Turecka, hazel stand on steep south oriented slope near the upper end of the village, surface debris (gravely-rocky); 48° 55' 33,7" n. l., 19° 10' 42,7" e. l., ± 10 m, 711 m, S (170°), inclination 35°, 10 x 8 m, E3 20 %, E2 90 %, E1 60 %, E0 10 %, height E3 7-8 m, E2 4 m, Ei 80-100/30 cm, 3. 8. 2010, JKl. 22. VF, v. Liptovske Revuce, part Stredna Revu-ca, mouth of the valley Vel'ka Turecka, hazel stand below the top of a little crest on right side of the valley, surface locally debris; 48° 55' 36,5" n. l., 19° 10' 50,6" e. l., ± 10 m, 728 m, N (5°), inclination 25°, 15 x 5 m, E3 20 %, E2 95 %, Ei 50 %, Eo 3 %, height E3 11 m, E2 4-5 m, Ei -, 3. 8. 2010, JKl. 23. VF, v. Liptovske Revuce, part Stredna Revu-ca, stand of hazel on a small crest between the valleys Mala and Vel'ka Turecka, locally light, south-west from field road, slates; 48° 55' 41,2" n. l., 19° 10' 29,5" e. l., ± 7 m, 795 m, ENE (75°), inclination 35°, 5 x 10 m, E3 30 %, E2 85 %, Ei 50 %, Eo 1 %, height E3 8 m, E2 4-5 m, Ei -, 3. 8. 2010, JKl. 24. as 23, 200 m north-west., surface with slate debris, old stand, hazel in groups; 48° 55' 42,1" n. l., 19° 10' 23,2" e. l., ± 9 m, 802 m, SSE (147°), inclination 20-25°, 10 x 10 m, E3 10 %, E2 95 %, Ei 50 %, Eo 5 %, height E2 5 m, 3. 8. 2010, JKl. 25. as 21, stand of hazel on the small crest above the village, plot from two sides paled, surface locally debris, hazel in groups; 48° 55' 27,6" n. l., 19° 10' 49,6" e. l., ± 10 m, 726 m, SSW (215°), inclination 20°, 10 x 10 m, E3 10 %, E2 90 %, Ei 75 %, Eo 3 %, 3. 8. 2010, JKl. Received 19. 1. 2011 Revision received 23. 6. 2010 Accepted 28. 6. 2011 I eq Ö ca Ö k! 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O s s iC "IS -S !S ŠS o I Ü a Ü ü te r; o o Qq t^ Ü ti; ta S ■S O Ü Ü H H + ■ + + + + + ■ + ^ + + sc -C) O g o s s s o .IW O I O üq o ia ■s s s Ji -is S ^ JS g s S S § "(S s s Ü HS s JI ik J? iä 1 o n o js -Is ^^^ S S S •s g s» S O s <3 s: „o o ib ■S K g (s Oi S Table 2: Comparison of European hazel shrubs from the Velka Patra Mts (4, 5) with original diagnoses of relevant associations (1-3) and original diagnose of Populo-Coryletum (6) (a brief synoptic table). Tabela 2: Primerjava grmišč navadne leske na gorovju Velka Patra (4, 5) z originalnim opisom omenjenih asociacij (1-3) in originalnim opisom asociacije Populo-Coryletum (6) (skrajšana sinoptična tabela). 1 - Pruno-Coryletum Jurko 1964, 2 - Lonicero (nigrae)-Coryletum (Kulcz.) em. Jurko 1964, 3 - Coryletum avellanae Kulczynski 1928, 4 - Prenantho purpurei-Coryletum avellanae (Kulczynski 1928) Kliment et Jarolimek (Tab. 1), 5 - Kontriš et al. 2002 (Tab. 1, Pruno-Coryletum), 6 - Populo tremulae-Coryletum Br.-Bl. ex Kielhauser 1954 nom. invers. propos. Number of column 1 2 3 4 5 6 Number of releves 19 28 4 25 4 6 Average number of taxa 23 28 ? 46 36 24 Differential taxa of Pruno-Coryletum (1) against Lonicero nigrae-Coryletum (2) RP Prunus spinosa e2 74+-1 14+-2 40r 60r-2 4+-2 - Rosa canina e2 79+-1 18+-1 401 60r-2 3+-1 33+ Qp, cb Acer campestre e2 58+-2 7+ - 68r-2 3+-1 - Galium mollugo agg. 58+-1 - 20r - 2+-1 83+-2 Qp, RP Ligustrum vulgare e2 47+-2 4+ - 36r-+ 1+ 16+ TG Fragaria viridis Crataegus curvisepala e2 42+-1 42+-1 7+ - 16r-2 - - Qp Viburnum lantana e2 32+-2 4+ - 52r-+ 2+ 66+-1 cb Carpinus betulus e2 32+-1 41 201 4+ - - Qp, TG Clinopodium vulgare 26-2 - - 24r-+ 3+ - Qp, cb Cruciata laevipes 26-2 4+ - - - - QF Viola mirabilis 26-2 - - 4r - - ai Rubus caesius 26-1 - - 4+ - - Qp Cornus mas e2 21-2 - - - - - Qp, RP Euonymus europaeus Differential taxa of Prenantho-Coryletum (2-4) e2 21-1 - - - - 33+ Fs +Mercurialis perennis 161-3 64+-3 401 48 +-4 22 - Rubus idaeus 52 61 +-2 401 36+-2 11 - fs +Polygonatum verticillatum - 57+-2 601 28+-1 - - +Luzula luzuloides - 46-2 60r-1 8+ 11 50+-3 Fs +Paris quadrifolia 5+ 43-1 401 48r-+ - 50+ Oxalis acetosella - 39-1 401-2 36+-2 - 66+-2 Astrantia major 51 36-3 801-2 56r-2 - - ta, fs +Actaea spicata - 36-2 402 56r-1 2+-1 83+-3 ss +Salix caprea e2 5+ 36-2 401 83 - - ai Viburnum opulus e2 5+ 32+-2 401 92r-+ 2+ - fs +Prenanthes purpurea - 25+-2 801 12r-+ - - Frangula alnus e2 5+ 25+-1 401 12r-1 2+ - Fs Ranunculus lanuginosus - 14-1 100r-2 24+-1 - - cf Cirsium erisithales - 11 + 1001-2 28r-+ - - cf Digitalis grandiflora - 11 + 1001-2 12r 1+ - cb, tm #Melampyrum nemorosum +Gentiana asclepiadea Aruncus vulgaris - 11 + 25+-1 21+-3 802 801-2 402 52+-1 4+ - - Number of releves 19 28 4 25 4 6 Geum rivale - 18 401 - - - ta +Acer pseudoplatanus e2 5+ 46-1 - 56r-1 - - Fs +Fagus sylvatica e2 - 39 - 60r-1 - - ta Ribes uva-crispa 16+ 39-1 - 40r-+ 11 - Fs Senecio ovatus - 36-1 - 16+ - - +$Populus tremula e2 - 29-1 - 12r-+ - 100+-2 Fs Dentaria bulbifera - 25+-1 - 48+-1 - - +Sorbus aucuparia E2 - 25+-1 - 28r-+ 1+ 33+-1 ai Padus avium E2 - 25+-1 - 16r-1 - 163 Fs Daphne mezereum - 21 + - 24r-+ 1+ 16(+) Fs +Fraxinus excelsior E2 - 14+ - 72r-1 1+ 16+ +Rosa pendulina E2 5+ 65+-2 - 8+-1 - - ai +Lamium maculatum 5+ 46+-1 - 4r - - Angelica sylvestris - 39+-1 - 4+ 2+-1 - Phyteuma spicatum - 39+-1 - 4r 1+ - +Lonicera nigra E2 - 36+-1 - - 11 - ac +Ranunculus platanifolius - 25+-1 - - - - Ajuga reptans - - 100r-2 72r-1 4+-2 - Cruciata glabra 5+ - 1001-3 56+ 12 - Maianthemum bifolium 5+ - 1002 52r-1 - 83+-2 Fs Tithymalus amygdaloides 5+ 11+ 100r-2 40r-+ - - Campanula rapunculoides - - 801-2 68+-1 1+ 33+-1 Fs #Carex .sylvatica - 4+ 801-2 16+ - - Fs Galeobdolon luteum s. l. 51 14+-1 60r-1 72+-3 - - Fs +DryopterisfiUx-mas 11+ 25+ 601 60r-+ 3+-1 16+ Chaerophyllum aromaticum 5+ 21+ 601-2 52r-+ - - Fs Galium odoratum 51 21+-2 601-2 40r-2 - - Fs Carex digitata 5+ - 601 36+ 11 - Listera ovata - - 601 32r-+ - - #Luzula luzulina - - 60r-1 12r-+ - - ai Stachys sylvatica - - 401 24r-+ - - Fs Neottia nidus-avis - - - 44r-+ - - Senecio germanicus - - - 40+-1 - - ta Tilia platyphyllos - - - 28r-+ - - cf Carex alba - - - 24r-+ 21-2 - Fs Cardamine impatiens - 4+ - 24r-+ - 16+ Rhamno-Prunetea Pc Corylus avellana E2 1003-5 1003-5 1004 1004-5 42-5 1003-4 Swida sanguinea E22 47+-2 29+-3 401 84r-2 31-4 50+-2 Pc Rosa glauca E22 32+-1 50+-2 - - - - Rhamnus catharticus E22 16+-2 - - 28r - 50+-1 as Sambucus nigra E2 - 4+ - 20r-1 - - ss Rubus hirtus agg. - - 402 - - - Fagetalia sylvaticae Asarum europaeum 58+-2 79+-2 1002 100+-3 32-3 - Aegopodium podagraria 42+-2 50+-2 801-2 84+-3 2+-1 831-2 Campanula trachelium 42+-1 43+-1 401 96r-1 3+ 83+-1 Viola reichenbachiana 42+-1 18+ 802 52+ 2+ 66+-1 Pulmonaria ^officinalis agg. 32+-2 43+-3 601 68+-2 11 - Sanicula europaea 111 11+-2 801 24+-2 1+ - HACqUETIA 10/2 • 2011, 149- -170 Number of releves 19 28 4 25 4 6 Geranium robertianum 58+-3 36+-2 - 56r-1 1 + 331 Mycelis muralis 11 + 11+ - 36r-+ 2+ - Polygonatum multiflorum 21+-1 21+-1 401 64r-1 - - cb Galium schultesii 11+-1 39+-2 601 28r-3 - - Lathyrus vernus 11 + 4+ 601 8r-+ - - Symphytum tuberosum 11+-2 29+-2 - 36r-1 - - Scophularia nodosa 5+ 14+ - 20r-+ - - cb Stellaria holostea 21+-2 7+-2 - - - - +Isopyrum thalictroides 11+ 18+-2 - - - - $Lilium martagon - 14+ 401 12+ - 33+-1 Milium effusum - 4+ - 12+ - ta Ulmus glabra e2 - 4+ - 12r-+ - - fs Dentaria glandulosa - 14+-i - - - - ta ta Myosotis sylvatica Acer platanoides Fraxinus excelsior Acer pseudoplatanus Quercetalia pubescenti-petraeae TG Vincetoxicum hirundinaria Querco-Fagetea 401 20'--162 121-2 Pulmonaria mollis 11+ gs Teucrium chamaedrys 16+ Viola hirta 16+-1 TG Brachypodium pinnatum 11+-2 $Polygonatum odoratum + Potentilla alba 11+ Quercus cerris E2 11+ Quercus robur E2 111 Viola odorata 11+ 4+ 20r-+ 2+-1 2+-1 66+-1 Poa nemoralis 63+-1 68+-2 801-2 40+-1 11 50+-1 Melica nutans 26+-1 50+-1 802 84+-1 3+-2 501-2 #Brachypodium sylvaticum 16+-1 4+ 601 40+ 31-2 16+ Qp, cb Pyrethrum corymbosum 16+-1 4+ 402 28r-+ 2+ - Lonicera xylosteum E2 47+ 36+-1 801-2 72+-2 - 66+-1 Qp, cb Quercus petraea agg. E2 11+-1 - - - - - Hedera helix - 4+ 40r - - 16+ Anemone ranunculoides - 4+ - 40+-1 - - Bromus benekenii - - 401 4+ 21-2 - Qp, cb Convallaria majalis - - 601 20+-1 - 501-2 cb Cerasus avium E2 - - 20 122 - 16+ Tilia cordata E2 - - 401 - - - Acer campestre E3 - - - 241-2 - - Qp, cb Carex montana - - - 20+ - - Trifolio-Geranietea Betonica officinalis 11+ 4+ - 40r-+ - - Qp Origanum vulgare 51 - 401 - - - tm Vicia sylvatica - - 601 - - - tm Trifolium flexuosum - - 401 - - - Veronica teucrium - - - - - 33+ E cf cf cf cf Number of releves 19 28 4 25 4 6 Other taxa Fragaria vesca 42+-2 21+-2 802 88+-2 4+-1 50+ Heracleum sphondylium 32+ 54+-1 20r 76r-+ 3+ - Crataegus monogyna E2 37+-1 11+-1 20r 12+ 4+-2 33+ Glechoma hederacea s. l. 26+-1 14+-1 601-2 12r-+ 11 - Primula elatior 21+-1 54+-3 802 72r-1 4+-1 - Salvia glutinosa 21+-1 14+-2 601 56+-2 31-3 - Lysimachia nummularia 21 + 11+ 601 16r-+ 1+ - Veronica chamaedrys 16+ 4+ 801-2 28r-+ 1+ - Laserpitium latifolium 5+ 11+-2 601-2 8r-i 2+ 33+-1 Geum urbanum 58+-2 46+-1 - 52r-+ 2+-1 16+ Urtica dioica 42+-2 54+-2 - 32+-1 1+ - Dactylis glomerata 42+-1 18+ - 12r-+ 3+-1 - Anthriscus sylvestris 5+ 14+ - 24r-+ 2+-1 - $Campanula persicifolia 52 42 - 121 - 83+-1 Crataegus laevigata E2 53+-1 25+-1 20r 84+-2 - - Athyrium filix-femina 11 + 29+-2 601 8r-+ - - Galium aparine 37+-2 36+-2 - 16r-+ - - Lapsana communis 21+ 4+ - 12r-+ - - Rosa dumetorum 52 143 - - - 33+ Euonymus verrucosus E2 16+-1 - - - - - Fallopia convolvulus 16+ - - - - - Taraxacum officinale - 4+ 401 40r-+ 1+ - Picea abies e2 - 21+-1 - 40r-1 2+ - Solidago virgaurea - 42 - 81 - 66+-1 Ranunculus acris - 4+ 80r-1 12r-+ - - Chaerophyllum hirsutum - 4+ 601-2 4r - - Thalictrum aquilegiifolium - 7+ 40r 4r - - Geranium phaeum - 7+ - 20r-3 - - Vaccinium myrtillus - 11+-1 20r - - - Equisetum sylvaticum - 18+-1 - - - - Campanula rapunculoides - - 801-2 68+-1 1+ - Hypericum maculatum - - 801 8r 1+ - Pimpinella major - - 601 20r-2 - - Leontodon hispidus - - 601-2 4+ - - Epipactis helleborine agg. - - 40r 28r-+ - - Hieracium lachenalii^ - - 801-2 12+ - - Carlina acaulis - - 100r-1 - - - Alchemilla monticola - - 801-2 - - - Danthonia decumbens - - 602 - - - Anemone nemorosa - - 601-2 - - - #Carex echinata - - 601-2 - - - Salix silesiaca e2 - - 601-2 - - - Hieracium fuscocinereum2 - - 601-2 - - - Agrostis capillaris - - 601 - - - Potentilla erecta - - 601 - - - Valeriana tripteris - - 60r-1 - - - Luzula pilosa - - 401 - - - Rubus saxatilis - - - 20r-+ - - 169 Number of releves 19 28 4 25 Picea abies Epipactis atrorubens Vicia cracca be Berberis vulgaris Chaerophyllum aureum Hepatica nobilis Festuca rubra Lilium bulbiferum Phegopteris connectilis $Hypericum montanum Rubus ulmifolius Schott 121 2+ E2 66+-1 50+-1 501-2 50+-2 33+-1 33r-+ 33 + 16+ 16+ Number of accesoric taxa 25 31 26 43 6 Sources: 1: Jurko 1964, Tab. 4 (Pruno-Coryletum), 17 r.; Tab. 5 (Lonicero nigrae-Coryletum), r. 25, 29. 2: Jurko 1964, Tab. 5 (Lonicero nigrae-Coryletum), r. 1-24, 26-28, 30. 3: Kulczynski 1928: 134-136, Tab. 33 (Coryletum avellanae), 4 r. 4: Kliment & Jarolimek, Tab. 1 (Prenantho purpurei-Coryletum), 25 r. 5: Kontriš et al. 2002, Tab. 1, r. 2, 5, 7, 8 (Pruno-Coryletum). 6: Kielhauser 1954, Tab. 2, r. 4-9 (Coryleto-Populetum, typische Variante). Explanations: + (before the species name) = differential taxa of Lonicero nigrae-Coryletum (against Pruno-Coryletum) sensu Jurko (1964: 54) # (before the species name) = diagnostic (characteristic and differential) taxa of Coryletum avellanae sensu Kulczynski (1928: 134) $ (before the species name) = characteristic taxa of Coryleto-Populetum sensu Kielhauser (1954: 144) 1 incl. H. woloszczaki Kulcz. (column 3) 2 H. fuscocinereum Norrl. (Kulczynski ut H. sagittatum): wrong determination; probably a taxon from the group of H. murorum (Szel^g in litt.) 4 6 E 9