HACQUETIA 10/2 ' 2011, 137-147 DOI: 10.2478/v10028-011-0008-4 THE ASSOCIATION STIPETO-CONVOLVULETUM COMPACT! ASS. NOVA IN KOSOVO Fadil MILLAKU1, Elez KRASNIQI^ & Ferat REXHEPI^ Abstract Serpentine vegetation of Kosovo represents a diversity which has not been sufficiently explored, yet. Kosovo's serpentine is spread in different parts of Kosovo at the altitudes of 400-2100 m. Large complexes with serpentine are found in the north of Kosovo, but the southern part of Kosovo is also rich in serpentine rocks and in endemic species. Using the principles and methods of the Zürich-Montpellier School we have explored the serpentine flora and vegetation of Gurana, an area in the south-east of Kosovo near the border with the Republic of Macedonia. This area has not been sufficiently researched because of the militarized border areas. During the research of these fields, we found species that were not present on the other serpentines of Kosovo. The species Convolvulus compactus Boiss. (syn. Convolvulus cochlearis) and Stipa mayeri dominate this terrain and create stands that we have classified as the association Stipeto-Convolvuletum compacti ass. nova. This association was researched during 2007-2010. Based on the results obtained and comparing them with the results of other authors, we have arrived at the conclusion that we are dealing with a new association which we called Stipeto-Convolvuletum compacti ass. nova. Key words: Vegetation of Kosova, Gurana, Serpentine terrains. Izvleček Vegetacija Kosova na serpentinitu je posebnost, ki do sedaj še ni bila zadovoljivo raziskana. Serpentinit je na Kosovu razširjen na različnih območjih na nadmorskih višini od 400 do 2100 metrov. Večje površine najdemo na severu Kosova, vendar je tudi južni del bogat s serpentinitom in endemičnimi vrstami. Z züriško-montpeIIiersko metodo smo preučili floro in vegetacijo na serpentinitu pri vasi Gurana v jugovzhodnem delu Kosova ob meji z Republiko Makedonijo. To območje do sedaj ni bilo dobro raziskano zaradi vojaške navzočnosti na obmejnem območju. Na tem delu smo našli vrste, ki jih ne najdemo na drugih območjih s serpentinitom na Kosovu. Vrsti Convolvulus compactus Boiss. (sin. Convolvulus cochlearis) in Stipa mayeri prevladujeta na teh območjih in gradita sestoje, ki smo jih uvrstili v asociacijo Stipeto-Convolvuletum compacti ass. nova. Raziskovali smo v letih od 2007 do 2010. Na podlagi dobljenih rezultatov in s primerjavo z drugimi avtorji smo prišli do zaključka, da lahko te sestoje uvrstimo v novo asociacijo, ki smo jo poimenovali Stipeto-Convolvuletum compacti ass. nova. Ključne besede: vegetacija Kosova, Gurana, območja serpentinita. 1. INTRODUCTION The serpentine rocks in the Gurana area belong to the Jurassic age. These serpentines are poor Serpentine is a rare bedrock on the surface of the in biogenic elements necessary for plant life; nev- earth (Kruckeberg 1985). In Kosovo territory ertheless, about 98 species are present in these there have been found serpentine rocks which terrains. Analyses made by Pavičevic et al. (1974) are very rich, from the aspect of flora and veg- have proved that the chemical composition of etation (Rexhepi 1985, Krasniqi & Millaku 2007). Gurana serpentines is very similar to other ser- 1 UP (University of Prishtina), The Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences; Nena Tereze str. n.n. 10000, Prishtine, Kosove, fadilmillaku@hotmail.com, elez_krasniqi@yahoo.com, feratrexhepi@yahoo.com pentines in the Balkans. In the Gurana area, about 70% of the serpentines present contain less than 3% CaO, where typical serpentine species dominate, and serpentines with CaO content exceeding 30%, where typical serpentine species are dominant, but also some species characteristic of carbonate rocks are present. Flora and vegetation in serpentine terrains in Kosovo have been investigated by many researchers, such as: Blecic et al. (1969), Blečic & Krasniqi (1971), Krasniqi (1972, 1987), Hundozi (1987), Rexhepi (1978, 1979, 1982, 1997, 2000), Rexhepi & Millaku (1996), Krasniqi (2003, 2006), Krasniqi & Millaku (2004) and Millaku et al. (2007). Figure 1: Map of the serpentine massifs spread on Kosovo (Iber river valley (North Kosovo, near Mitrovica), Drini i Bardhe valley (Gubavc, near Peja), Brezovica massive, Kozniku massive and Gurane (on the foot of the Luboteni Mountain). Slika 1: Zemljevid območij serpentinita na Kosovu (dolina reke Iber (severni del Kosova, v bližini Mitrovice), dolina Drini i Bardhe (Gubavc, pri Peci), masivi Brezovica, Kozniku in Gurane (na vznožju gore Luboteni). 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS 2.1. Description of the researched AREA The research area spreads on the eastside of the Luboten mountain, near the village of Gurana and near the area bordering Macedonia. In general, typical serpentine flora and vegetation is dominant, while around this area there are oak forests in which Quercus pubescens prevails. Sites of the association Stipeto-Convolvuletum compacti ass. nova in Gurana are serpentine pastures located at an altitude of 550-800 m above sea level (Figure 1). The land is degraded. Considering its chemical-physical features, serpentines in Gurana area are unfavourable biotopes for plant growth and development. The serpentine rocks in this area are easily crumbled, thus creating a dry rocky land. The soil color is black, therefore the soil can warm up quickly and plants are exposed to high temperatures during summertime and to high temperature amplitudes throughout all seasons. The serpentines are poor in some important bio-elements such as Ca, K, P, whilst on the other hand they contain some poisonous elements for the plants such as: Ni, Cr, Co etc. The serpentines contain a high content of magnesium (Mg), which is poisonous for many plant species when in high concentration (Rexhepi 1979, 1990). The climate is characterized by Sub-Mediterranean conditions which enter through the Lepenci river valley. During the summer the temperatures are high and rainfalls are rare. It is the area with less recorded rains in the Republic of Kosovo (under 500 mm per year) (Tahirsylaj & Asllani 2009). The association is located next to the village Gurana (Hani i Elezit), where the pasture is well developed. Therefore the stands are rather degraded and species poor. 2.2. Methods Phytocenological releves in Gurana serpentines were made during 2007 and 2010. The phytocoe-nological research studies are made using the principles and methods of the Zürich-Montpellier School (Braun-Blanquet 1964). Major activities in the field were identification and determination of homogeneous plots. This was achieved on the basis of field analyses, and floristic composition of each releve on a singular site, together with other additional data, such as number of releve, altitude, exposition of terrain, slope, geological composition and the size of each releve (m2). Species characteristic of higher syn-taxa were assigned according to Rexhepi (1978, 1982), Mucina et al. (1993), Čarni et al. (2000) and Buzo (2005). The floristic composition of communities is presented as per the principles for characteristic species. The arrangement of all species into syntaxonomic categories is presented according to the degree of presence - constancy, beginning from grade V to I in phytocoenologi-cal table (Table 1). Species were determined using the required literature such as: Tutin et al. (1964-1980), Jor-danov (1963-1982), Josifovic (1970-1977), Dakov (1984), Paparisto et al. (1988, 1992), Qosja et al. (1992), Polunin (1997), Vangjeli et al. (2000) and Matevski (2010). New syntaxa were described according to rules of the International Code of Phytosociolog-ical Nomenclature (Weber et al. 2000). 3. RESULTS 3.2. Floristic composition of community The floristic composition of the community is presented in the phytocoenological table (Table 1), which contains 10 releves. In the table, there are 98 species present. Characteristic species of the association are Convolvulus compactus, Stipa may-eri, Achillea coarctata, and Agropyron cristatum. Convolvulus compactus Boiss. (Figure 2) Syn: C. boessieri Steudel subsp. compactus (Boiss.) Stace in Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 64: 58 (1971); C. boissieri subsp. parnassicus (Boiss & Orph.) Kuzm. In Jordanov, Fl. Nar. Rep. Bulg., 8: 451 (1982), (Matevski 2010); C. cochlearis Gris. Spic. Flora SR Srbije 10: 164 (1986). Dwarf, cushion-like, densely oppressed-pubescent perennial up to 10 cm; stems much-branched, woody. Leaves 4-10 mm long, 4-7 mm broadly linear to obovate. The plant is entirely covered with silver-silk hair and respectively colored. Peduncles are very short, terminal and axillary, 1-flowered. Corolla 20-22 mm, white to purple. Distributed in the Asiatic part of Turkey and the Balkan peninsula: Bulgaria, Albania, Macedonia and Kosovo (only in Gurane). In Macedonia Figure 2: Convolvulus compactus, the characteristic species of the association Stipeto-Convolvuletum compacti (Photo: F. Millaku, Gurane, 2009). Slika 2: Convolvulus compactus, značilna vrsta asociacije Stipeto-Convolvuletum compacti (Foto: F. Millaku, Gurane, 2009). Figure 3: Stipa mayeri, the characteristic species of the association Stipeto-Convolvuletum compacti and endemic species of Kosovo (Photo: E. Krasniqi, Gurane, 2009). Slika 3: Stipa mayeri, značilna vrsta asociacije Stipeto-Convol-vuletum compacti in endemična vrsta Kosova. (Foto: E. Kras-niqi, Gurane, 2009). (Matevski 2010) and Kosovo (Rexhepi 2000) it is distributed only on the serpentines and is the main component of the phytocoenose. Stipa mayeri Martinovsky (Figure 3) It is a perennial herbaceous plant, with the stem up to 50 cm length. it is an endemic species of Kosovo. it was discovered by the Czech botanist Jan Otokar Martinovsky in 1971 (Rex-hepi 2000), from the herbarium material collected previously on serpentine territory of Kosovo by the Slovenian botanist E. Mayer, by whom it was named. In Kosovo it is spread in Mirushe, Koznik and Gurana. It is characteristic species of the association. The association Stipeto-Convolvuletum compacti ass. nova is well differentiated in its floristic structure. The characteristic species of the association and some serpentinophyte species are usually present in this association. There exist differences in the aspect of flora and vegetation of Gurana, where the association Stipeto-Convolvu-letum compacti is located, and other serpentines. This is a consequence of the climate conditions, Figure 4: Achillea coarctata, the characteristic species of the association Stipeto-Convolvuletum compacti (Photo: E. Krasniqi, Gurane, 2008). Slika 4: Achillea coarctata, značilna vrsta asociacije Stipeto-Convolvuletum compacti. Foto: E. Krasniqi, Gurane, 2008. Figure 5: Centaurea kosanini, Balkan endemic species present only on the serpentines (Photo: F. Rexhepi Gurane 2009). Slika 5: Centaurea kosanini, endemit Balkana, ki ga najdemo le na serpentinitu. (Foto: F. Rexhepi, Gurane, 2009). geographic position and floristic structure. Thus, endemic species: Genista hassertiana, Aster albani-cus, Forsythia europaea, Tulipa scardica, Aristolochia merxmuelleri, Halacsya sendtneri, Linum elegans, Saponaria intermedia, Veronica andrazovszkyi, that belong to the associations: Polygalo-Genistetum hasertianae, Potentillo-Fumanetum bonapartei, As-tero-Junipertum oxycedri, Sedo-Bornmullerietum dieckii are not present in the association Stipeto-Convolvuletum compacti; whereas species Convolvulus compactus, Achillea coarctata, Iris pallida and Colchicum hungaricum, which are present in this association, are absent in the associations mentioned above. The association Stipeto-Convolvu-letum compacti ass. nova belongs to the alliance Centaureo-Bromionfibrosi Bleč. et al. 1969, order Halacsyetalia sendtneri Rt. 1970 and in the class Festuco-Brometea Br. BI. et R. Tx. 1943. 3.3. Community description The association Stipeto-Convolvuletum compacti ass. nova (Figure 6) is spread in Gurana area, in the serpentine rocks, in the black soil crumbled up easily, thus creating a dry rocky land. The altitude of these terrains varies between 550-800 m. There are mostly South, West, South-East, SouthWest and East expositions, while the terrain inclination is 10-35 degrees. The soil is relatively degraded - typical rendzina on serpentine. The community is being developed in the form of open type because of the terrain configuration. In these terrains degradation of soils and vegetation is evident. The characteristic species of the association are: Convolvulus compactus, Stipa may-eri, Achillea coarctata and Agropyron cristatum. The association Stipeto-Convolvuletum com-pacti Millaku et al. ass. nova belongs to the alliance Centaureo-Bromion fibrosi Bleč. et al. 1969, which is represented with a considerable number of species with constancy V and IV such as: Thymus lykae, Alyssum markgrafii, Euphorbia glabri-flora, Bromusfibrosus [B. erectus subsp. fibrosus], Galium lucidum [G. gerardi] (Rexhepi 1978, 1982, 1994, 2007; Krasniqi & Millaku 2007). Also the order Halacsyetalia sendtneri Rt. 1970 (Rexhepi 1982, 2007; Krasniqi & Millaku 2007) is represented with an appreciable number of species with higher constancy, such as: Astragalus onobry- Figure 6: Characteristic appearance of the association Stipe-to-Convolvuletum compacti in Gurana serpentines (Photo: F. Millaku 2010). Slika 6: Značilni videz sestojev asociacije Stipeto-Convolvu-letum compacti na serpentinitu na območju Gurana. (Foto: F. Millaku, 2010). chis, var. multijugus, Plantago holosteum, Potentilla tommassiniana, Potentilla astracanica, Goniolimon collinum and Linum tauricum. The class Festuco-Brometea Br.-Bl. et R. Tx. 1943 (Rexhepi 1978, 1994, 2007, Krasniqi. & Mil-laku 2007), is represented with 48 species, of which 8 have the constancy V and IV, 20 species have the constancy III, whereas 16 species have the constancy II (Table 1). The ecological characteristics of the association Stipeto-Convolvuletum compacti ass. nova were obtained on the basis of life forms analysis (Figure 7). The biological spectrum shows the following relationship given in percentage: H (71%), 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1 1 Nr of species 1 1 Percentage 1,111,111,111,--- Hemicripto- Chamae- Geophytes Thero- Phanero-phytes phytes phytes phytes Figure 7: The biological spectrum of association Stipeto-Con-volvuletum compacti. Slika 7: Biološki spekter asociacije Stipeto-Convolvuletum compacti. CH (12%), G (10%) T (4%) and P only 1%. Judging by the biological spectrum, we may conclude that in this case we are dealing with a hemicryp-tophytic community. The geographical position of this community can be illustrated through the spectrum of species distribution (Figure 8). The distribution of floristic elements of the community is: Balkans (21%), European (15%), Euroasiatic (17%), Sub-Mediterranean (15%), Pontic (14%), Mediterranean (7%), Cosmopolitan (5%), Circumpolar (4%) and Illyric (1%), The southern thermophil-ous elements (Balkans, Mediterranean and Sub-Mediterranean) indicate the xerothermophilous character of the community. This community has no relevant economic importance, but it is important as a natural safeguard from erosion of the soil. 3.1. Syntaxonomical scheme Festuco-Brometea Br.-Bl. et R. Tx. 1943 Halascyetalia sendtneri Rt. 1970 Centaureo-Bromionfibrosi Blečic et al. 1969 Stipeto-Convolvuletum compacti ass. nova hoc loco Nomenclatural remark Holotypus: Table 1/3 - holotypus hoc loco Ecological circumstances: Convolvolus compactus dominated grasslands on serpentine bedrock. 25 2015-1050 (O CO !/> (O o c C c c ca CD (0 (U (0 (U (0 (U c^ C o C o (3 Q- f^ o E LU E CJ (U (U tu o o E 5 .o CO Figure 8: The areal spectrum of the association Stipeto-Con-volvuletum compacti. Slika 8: Spekter flornih elementov asociacije Stipeto-Convol-vuletum compacti. 4. CONCLUSIONS Phytocenological research conducted in serpentine terrains on Gurana resulted in the establishment of a new association of serpentine pastures named Stipeto-Convolvuletum compacti as. nova. Its characteristic species include Convolvulus com-pactus, Stipa mayeri, Achillea coarctata and Agropy-ron cristatum and some endemic and serpentino-phyte species such as: Colchicum hungaricum, Iris pallida, Alyssum markgrafii and Bromus fibrosus with high constancy. The Species Convolvulus compactus in Kosovo is spread only in the Gurana area on this association. Stipeto-Convolvuletum compacti is mostly similar with the association Hyperico-Euphorbietum glabriflorae Rexhepi 1978, but in the ass. Hyperico-Euphorbietum glabriflorae the following species are absent: Convolvulus compactus, Stipa mayeri, Achillea coarctata, Thymus lykae, Centaurea kosani-nii, Scabiosa fumaroides, Polygala doerfleri, Sedum serpentina, Iris pallida, Goniolimon collinum, Li-num tauricum, Silene paradoxa, Colchicum hunga-ricum, Teucrium polium and Centaurea napulifera. Association Stipeto-Convolvuletum compacti is different from the ass. Potentillo-Fumanetum bona-partei Rexhepi 1979, because in the association Potentillo-Fumanetum bonapartei, the following species are absent: Convolvulus compactus, Achillea coarctata, Thymus lykae, Poa badensis, Centaurea kosaninii, Scabiosa fumaroides, Polygala doerflerii, Iris pallida, Colchicum hungaricum, Teucrium po-lium and Centaurea napulifera. association Stipeto-Convolvuletum compacti have the largest differences in the floristic aspect compared with associations: Cynancho-Saponarie-tum intermediate Blečic et al 1969, Onosmo-Scabio-setum fumaroides Rexhepi 1978, Sedo-Bornmuelere-tum dieckii Blečic et al. 1969 and Polygalo-Geniste-tum hassertianae Blečic et al. 1969. 5. APPENDIX Species in only one releve: Allium flavum 2: +, Centaurium erythraea 2: +.1, Chamaespartium saggitale 3: +.2, Clinopodium vulgare 2: +, Conyza canadensis 6: +, Crocus chrysanthus 9: 1.1, Fraxinus ornus 2:+, Helianthemum nummu-larium 4: +.2, Muscari racemosum 10: +, Potentilla detommasii 2: +.1, Quercus pubescens 3: +, Scilla autumnalis 10: +.2, Scilla bifolia 9: +. Tulipa sylves-tris 9: +. 6. AKNOWLEDGEMENTS We would like to thank Andraz Čarni for literature and professional collaboration. We would like to thank the reviewers for their contribution and comments on our paper. 7. REFERENCES Blečic, v., Tatic, B. & Krasniqi, F. 1969: Tri ende-mične zajednice na serpentinskoj podlozi Srbije. Acta Botanica Croatica 28: 43-47. Blečic, V. & Krasniqi, F. 1971: Zajednica ende-mičnog šibljaka forzicije i krtušca (Polygalo-Forsythietum europaeae) u jugozapadnoj Srbiji. Glas. Repub. Zav. Zaš. Prir. Muz. Titograd, 4: 35-40. Braun Blanquet, J. 1964: Pflanzensoziologie. 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Vangjeli, J. & al. 2000: Flora e Shqiperise 4 (Akademia e Shkencave te RSH, Instituti i Kerkimeve Biologjike), Tirane, 502 pp. Weber, H. E. Moravec, J. Theurillat, J.P. & al. 2000: International Code of Phytosociological Nomenclature. edition. Journal of Vegetation Science 11: 739-763. Received 30. 12. 2010 Revision received 12. 5. 2011 Accepted 16. 5. 2011 Table 1: Association Stipeto-Convolvuletum compacti ass. nova. Tabela 1: Asociacija Stipeto-Convolvuletum compacti ass. nova. Nr. of releve 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 Locality Altitude (m) Exposition Slope Life Geological substratum form Size of releve (m2) Gurane 700 668 700 735 665 681 672 650 650 680 W W SW SW S S SE E W S 20 30 20 30 35 30 30 25 15 10 Serpentine 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 n o O st ri lo Character species of association Stipeto - Convolvuletum compacti CH Convolvulus compactus 3.4 4.4 3.4 4.4 4.5 H Stipa mayeri 3.3 2.2 1.2 2.2 2.2 H Achillea coarctata 2.2 1.2 +.2 + 1.1 H Agropyron cristatum 1.2 1.2 1.2 . 1.2 Character species of alliance Centaureo - Bromion fibrosi Bleč. et al. 1969 4.5 4.5 5.5 3.3 2.3 V Balk. 2.3 1.2 + + + V Balk. + 1.1 1.1 1.1 + V Pont. 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.1 + V Eur. CH Thymus lykae 3.4 1.2 1.2 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.3 1.2 + V Balk. CH Alyssum markgrafii 1.2 1.2 2.2 2.2 1.2 1.2 1.1 + 1.1 V Balk. CH Euphorbia glabriflora 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.1 + + V Balk. H Bromus fibro.su.s [B. erectus subsp. fibrosus] 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.1 + IV Eur. H Galium lucidum [G. gerardi] +.2 + + 1.2 1.1 + IV Submed. H Scorsonera austriaca 1.1 1.1 +.2 1.1 1.1 III Pont. CH Fumana bonapartei +.2 +.2 +.2 + + III Balk. H Centaurea kosaninii +.2 +.2 + 1.1 III Balk. H Poa badensis +.2 +.2 + + III Eur. H Scabiosa fumaroides +.2 +.2 + + + III Balk. H Hypericum barbatum + + + 1.1 + III Balk. H Polygala doerflerii + + + II Balk. H Potentilla australis + + + II IIlyric H Sedum serpentini + + + II Balk. G Iris pallida 1.2 1.1 I Balk. Character species of order Halacsyetalia sendtneri Rt. 1970 H Astragalus onobrychis var. multijugus 1.3 1.2 +.2 +.2 1.2 2.2 1.2 + V Pont. H Plantago holosteum 1.2 + 2.2 2.2 1.2 2.2 1.1 1.1 V Eur. H Potentilla tommassiniana 2.3 1.2 2.3 2.2 + + IV Pont. H Potentilla astracanica 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.1 III Pont. CH Goniolimon collinum +.2 1.2 +.2 1.1 + III Submed. H Linum tauricum 1.2 +.2 + + III Balk. H Potentilla arenaria 4.4 1.2 1.2 II Pont. H Silene paradoxa 1.1 + 1.1 II Eur. CH Euphorbia barrelieri +.2 + + II Balk. H Vincetoxicum hirundinaria [Cynanchum athoum] 1.1 + + II Eur. H Echium rubrum + + I Pont. Character species of class Festuco - Brometea Br.-Bl. et R. Tx. 1943 H Minuartia verna +.2 +.2 +.2 1.2 2.2 1.2 + 1.1 V Circump. H Centaurea stoebe 1.2 1.2 +.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 IV Euroas. G Ornithogallum umbellatum 1.1 + + 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.2 IV Eur. H Anthyllis vulneraria 1.1 + 1.2 + + +.1 1.2 IV Submed. Nr. of releve 1 2 3 4 5 1.1 . 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 ++ +.1 . +.2 +.2 2.3 1.1 . +.2 +.2 1.2 6 7 8 9 10 1.1 1.1 + IV Balk. + +.1 1.2 IV Eur. 1.1 1.1 1.2 IV Pont. 1.1 1.1 IV Euroas. + 1.2 + 2.2 IV Pont. 1.1 1.1 + IV Submed. + + + + + IV Euroas. + + 1.1 IV Euroas. 1.1 2.2 1.2 + III Circump. + 1.2 + III Balk. + + 1.1 III Submed. 1.2 III Eur. + 1.1 + III Submed. + + 1.1 III Euroas. + + III Eur. + III Pont. + + + III Euroas. + III Eur. +.2 1.2 +.2 III Pont. 1.2 +.1 + III Submed. 1.1 + III Pont. 2.1 2.1 III Submed. 1.1 +.1 + + III Cosmop. + +.1 III Med. + + III Euroas. + + + III Balk. + + III Eur. + III Circump. 1.2 II Submed. 1.2 1.1 II Submed. +.2 II Med. + II Submed. 1.1 1.2 II Balk. 1.1 + II Eur. + 1.1 II Submed. + + II Med. + II Circump. 1.1 + II Eur. + 1.1 II Euroas. + + II Submed. + II Med. + II Submed. + + II Med. + II Submed. + 1.1 + III Euroas. + III Pont. + + III Euroas. H Stachys scardica H Paronychia kapela H Chrysopogon gryllus H Sanguisorba minor H Stachys recta H Leontodon crispus H Sedum acre H Lotus corniculatus H Koeleria gracilis CH Dorycnium pentaphyllum H Convolvulus cantabrica T Euphrasia pectinata H Trinia glauca H Inula hirta H Euphorbia cyparissias H Eryngium campestre G Galium verum CH Teucrium montanum H Veronica jacquini CH Artemisia alba H Potentilla argentea H Centaurea splendens H Hypericum perforatum G Orchis morio H Thesium ramosum G Colchicum hungaricum T Trifolium arvense H Filipendula vulgaris CH Teucrium polium H Koeleria splendens H Prunella laciniata H Hippocrepis comosa G Iris reichenbachii H Stipa pulcherrima T Aethoinema saxatilis P Juniperus oxycedrus H Anthoxanthum odoratum H Hieracium bauchinii H Sideritis montana T Filago arvensis H Calamintha acinos H Orobanche gracilis G Scilla autumnalis H Sedum ochroleucum Other species H Achillea millefolium H Eryssimum diffusum H Verbascum phoeniceum 1.2 + + +.1 + + 1.2 +.2 + +.2 1.1 1.1 + 1.2 + + +.2 1.2 1.2 +.2 + +.2 1.1 + + 1.2 + + +.2 + + + 1.1 + 1.1 1.2 1.1 + 1.1 + + + 1.2 + 1.1 1.1 1.1 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Nr. of releve 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 H Carex caryophyllea . + . + . . . .+ + III Euroas. H Cichorium intybus . . . . + + + +. III Euroas. H Podospermum laciniata . . . + 1.1 . . 1.1 II Euroas. H Poa bulbosa . +.1 + . . . . . 1.1 II Eur. H Taraxacum officinale . . . 1.1 + . . + II Euroas. CH Genista tinctoria + 1.2 + II Euroas. G Allium cupani . . . + . . . .+ + II Med. H Melica ciliata . + . + . . . .+ II Euroas. H Dianthus pinifolius . + . . . . . ++ II Balk. H Rumex acetosella + + + . . . . II Cosmop. H Silene vulgaris . . + + . . . .+ II Euroas. H Plantago lanceolata + . . + . . . .+ II Cosmop. H Chondrilla juncea . . . + . . . .+ + II Cosmop. G Jurinea mollis . . . + . . . + I Pont. G Iris graminea + + . . . . . I Med. H Andropogon ischaemum . . + + . . . I Cosmop. H Centaurea napulifera . ++.... I Balk. Legend: Balk. = Balkans, Circump. = Circumpolar, Euroas. = Euroasiatic, Eur. = European, Cosmop. = Cosmopolitan, Med. = Mediterranean, Pont. = Pontic, Submed. = Submediterranean.