MHTCKHTe OnOHeHTH Ha paHOCpe^HOBeKOBHTe nojacHH ja3HHHfta
Hukoc Haycuduc
The paper explores the iconography and symbolism of certain types of late Avarian belt tongues (7th - 8th centuries) which depict three figures (zoomorphic, zoo-anthropomorphic, or anthropomorphic), two of which are engaged in a combat. The author proceeds from a thesis that this scene depicts a symbolic struggle between two opposing gods, a representative of the celestial/luminous principle, and a representative of the htonic principle. The author cites arguments according to which this jewelry, and the scenes depicted on it, belonged to Pannonian Slavs or to other peoples which had participated in Slavic ethno-genesis.
npe^MeT Ha HCTpaxyBaae bo OBaa cTyanja ce parocpeaHOBeKOBHHTe MeTaaHH ja3HHHaa 3a nojac, no noTeKao oa CpeaHOTO noayHaBje h nomHporo noapanjeTO Ha nem-paaHa EBpona h EaaKaHOT. CraHyBa 36op 3a eaeMeHTH Ha MamKa o6aeKa Koja B006nHaeH0 ce Bp3yBa 3a aBapcKaTa KyaTypa. Ho, bo coBpeMeHaTa HayKa ce noBeke ce aKuemrnpa Te3aTa, cnopea Koja OBne eaeMeHTH 6nae cocTaBeH aea Ha o6aeKaTa h Ha apyrHTe nonyaannn (BKaynHTeaHO h HeHOMaacKHTe) koh 6nae on^aTeHH bo rpaHnnnre Ha ABapcKHOT KaraHaT nan ce Haoraae noa Her0B0 noaHTHHKO h KyarypHO BanjaHHe. Oboj' Hannc e HaconeH koh HcTpaxyBaae Ha HK0H0rpa^HjaTa h cHM6oaHKaTa Ha HeKoaKy TnnoBH TaKBH nojacHH ja3HHHaa, aaTnpaHH bo aonHHTe ^a3H Ha aBapcKaTa KyaTypa (Kpaj Ha 7. - Kpaj Ha 8. BeK). CTaHyBa 36op 3a BapnjaHTH bo nne neHTpaaHO hko-H0rpa^cK0 noae, bo peaje^, H3BeaeH bo TexHHKa Ha aeeae h axypnpaae, ce npeTcTa-BeHH Tpn ^nrypn bo npo^na (300M0p^HH, 300 - amrponoMop^HH nan amponoMop^HH), oa koh aBeTe KpajHH ^nrypn ce cBpTeHH koh nempaaHaTa. flo aeHec, bo HayKaTa ce Boan cnop 0K0ay reHe3aTa Ha OBHe nojacHH rapHHTypn h HHBHaTa cnenn-^HHHa HKOHorpa^nja.1
Bp3 0cH0Ba Ha yBHaoT h aHaaraaTa Ha npnaoxeHHTe npHMeponn, nocTaBHBMe Te3a aeKa bo OBaa K0Mn03Hnnja e npHKaxaH cyanp T.e. ayea Mery aBa aHKa (no npaBHao KpajHHTe ^nrypn), HacTaHaT 0K0ay noceaHHmTBOTO Ha TpeTHOT (no npaBHao nemrpaa-HaTa ^nrypa). Y6eaeHH cMe aeKa OBaa cneHa HMaaa mhtcko - peanrncKH KapaKTep, T.e. ro npHKaxyBaaa (n0T0HH0 KaxaHO, caMO ro eBonnpaaa) mhtot 3a 6op6aTa Mery cnpoTHBcTaBeHHTe 6oroBH - OnOHeHTH (cTpaHHHHHTe xhbothh) OKoay noceaHHmTBOTO Ha cTaaaTa ao6HT0K, cHM6oaHHKH npeTcTaBeHH npeKy nempaaHaTa xHBOTHHcKa ^h-rypa. BaKBaTa MHTcKa aHMeH3nja Ha OBaa cneHa h 0c06eH0 TencTHHKHOT KapaKTep Ha
164-180; D. Mrkobrad, Arheološki ... , 80-89, h 0C06eH0 87, 88; B. B. Ce^oB, CnaBaHe b paHHeM ..., 114-115, 129. npHKa3H Ha noBeke npHMepo^: fi. Garam, Avar ... ; fi. Garam, Das avarenzeitliche ... ; J. Zabojnik, Seriation ... ; Z. Čilinska, Kov ... .
1 Ochobhh no^aTC^H 3a OBaa KaTeropHja npe^Mera h coo^BeTHa 6H6:raorpaAHja: J. KoBaqeBHh, ABapcKH ...
onoHeHTHTe, ro noKaxyBaaT HeKoaKy HeTHnHHHH ja3HHHaa, bo HHja BHaTpemHa KOMno-3Hnnja, onoHeHTHTe ce 3acTaneHH npeKy 3oo - amponoMop^HH h amponoMop^HH ^Hrypn.
TprHyBajkH oa MoMeHTHHTe co3HaHHja 3a noaHeTHHHKaTa CTpyKTypa Ha Haceae-HHeTo mTo er3HCTHpaao bo rpaHHnHre Ha ABapcKHoT KaraHaT h bo 3oHHTe Ha HeroBoTo B^HjaHHe, rH aKTyaaH3HpaMe xHnoTe3HTe cnopea koh, oboj' HaKHT Moxea aa hm npHnara h Ha apyrHTe nonyaanHH mTo er3HcTHpaae Ha HeroBaTa TepHTopHja, npea h bo BpeMe Ha BaaaeeaeTo Ha ABapHTe (ceBepHo6aaKaHCKH nonyaanHH no3HaTH noa aaMHHH-CTpaTHBHHTe Ha3HBH naHoHnH h HopHkaHH, noToa CapMaTH, TepMaHCKH HapoaH, ByrapH, KyTpHrypH, CaoBeHH, Ahth ...).2 HoBHTe coraeayBaaaTa oa o6aacTa Ha apxeo-aorHjaTa, HCTopHorpa^Hja h aHHrBHCTHKaTa ce noBeke yKaxyBaaT Ha 3HanHTeaHoTo npHcycTBo Ha caoBeHCKH nonyaanHHH bo naHoHHja bo oboj' nepHoa.3 H3HeceHH ce h TeopHH cnopea koh 3HanHTeaeH aea oa eaeMeHTHTe Ha aBapcKaTa KyaTypa (BKaynHTeaHo h HaKHToT oa TyKa npHaoxeHHTe THnoBH) KoHKpeTHo ce noBp3yBaaT co CaoBeHHTe.4 H HamHTe aHaaH3a Ha HaBeaeHaTa MHTcKa coap^HHa oa oBHe ja3HHHaa, co oraea Ha Hej3HHoTo HaraaceHo npHcycTBo bo caoBeHcKHTe TpaaHnHH, oaaT bo npHaor Ha aHpeKTHaTa HaH HaHHpeKTHa BpcKa Ha oboj' HaKHT co CaoBeHHTe. npH Toa MHcaHMe Ha npHnaaHocTa Ha eaa6opHpaHHTe ja3HHHaa (a co Toa h Ha MHTcKaTa caHKa npHKaxaHa Ha hhb), Ha CaoBeHHTe HaH naK, Ha apyrHTe nonyaanHH koh bo oBHe BeKoBH rH Haceay-BaaT naHoHcKHTe o6aacTH, a ke 6HaaT BKayneHH bo HHBHaTa eTHoreHe3a.
OcHoBHaTa nea Ha HamaTa cTyaHja ce coctoh bo 3aeaHHHKoTo npeTcTaByBaae Ha oBHe aHKoBHH cneHH (^opMaaHa HKoHorpa^cKa aHaaH3a) h aKTyaaH3HpaaeTo Ha HHBHaTa HKoHorpa^Hja bo c^epaTa Ha naraHo - caoBeHcKaTa MHToaorHja h peaHraja. Bo toj' KoHTeKcT e H3BeaeHa h HHBHa rao6aaHa cHM6oaHHKa aHaaH3a h o6HaH 3a noKoHKpeTHo ToaKyBaae Ha npHKaxaHHTe aHKoBH (hhbhhot KapaKTep, ^yHKqHH h aTpH6yTH) h Toa, Bp3 ocHoBa Ha KoMnapanHH co aHaaorHH HHaoeBponcKH h noco6eHo caoBeHcKH mhtcko - peaHrHcKH TpaaHnHH. CMeTaMe aeKa eaHo nonpoaaa6oneHo KoMnapaTHBHcTHHKo HcTpaxyBaae Ha neHTpaaHaTa cneHa oa TyKa npHKaxaHHTe ja3HHHaa, 6h Moxeao aa ce ocTBapH bo cTyaHja co noHHaKoB KapaKTep - Moxe6H MoHorpa^Hja Koja 6h rH on^araaa h apyrHTe mhtckh caHKH npeTcTaBeHH Ha paHocpeaHoBeKoBHHTe apxeoaomKH HaoaH koh npeTeHaHpaaT Ha enHTeToT "caoBeHcKH".
A. HKOHOrPAOCKO - MOPOO^OmKA AHAM3A
H. ^ecKpnnHHja Ha K0Mn03HHHHTe
MeTaaHHTe ja3HHHaa 3a nojac ce raaBHo H3pa6oTeHH oa 6poH3a h Toa bo TexHHKa Ha aeeae, npH mTo, Kaj HeKoH npHMeponH e npHMeHeTo h axypHpaae. D,eHTpaaHaTa KoMno3HnHja ja HcnoaHyBa pe^HcH neaaTa npeaHa cTpaHa oa ja3HneTo, noMecTeHa bo paMKa Koja ja caeaH HeroBaTa Komypa. Bo HeKoaKy caynaH, npa3HHoT npocTop Mery ^h-
2	CoxeT npHKas Ha noaneTHH^KHoT cocTaB Ha ABapcKHoT KaraHaT: J. KoBaieBHh, ABapcKH ... , 141-147; B. B. CeaoB, CnaBaHe b paHHeM ..., 109-137.
3	Te3H h $aKTH 3a CaoBeHHTe bo naHoHHja h Toa apxeoaaomKo - hctophckh: B. B. CeaoB, CaaBaHe b paHHeM ..., 109-137; ^HaoaomKH: O. H. Tpy6aieB, 3THoreHea ... ; A. Loma, Podunavska ... .
4	Te3H 3a caoBeHcKHoT KapaKTep (KoHKpeTHo npoH3BoacTBo) Ha BaKBH nojacHH rapHHTypH: B. B. CeaoB, CaaBaHe b paHHeM ..., 129; Z. Čilinska, Kov ... , 79.
rypHTe h OBaa OKOAHa paMKa, Ha HeKOAKy MecTa e npo6neH co HenpaBHAHH otboph koh th c^eaaT KoHTypHTe Ha BHaTpemHHTe ^Hrypn. HeKoH npeTCTaBH ce aopa6oTeHH bo Tex-HHKa Ha rpaBnpaae h nyHKTHpaae. Kaj KopeHoT Ha ja3HneTo, peaoBHo ce Haora ymTe eaHo mmo npaBoaro^Ho no^e bo Koe Boo6meHo ce npeTcTaBeHH cxeMaTH3HpaHH ^Aopa^HH h 3oomop^hh mothbh. Ha HeKoH npHMeponH, ahkobho e aonoAHeTo h 3aa-hoto AHne Ha ja3HHero, o6hhho co noeaHocraBHH ^aopmhh mothbh, hcto TaKa noMec-TeHH bo paMKa. Ha HeKoAKy oa hhb, Ha oBa AHne e noBTopeHa cneHaTa oa npeaHaTa cTpaHa Ha ja3HHero.
Bp3 ocHoBa Ha raraeaot h opraHH3anHjaTa Ha ^Hrypm-e oa uempanHaTa KoMno-3HnHja, ja3HHHftaTa th noaeAHBMe Ha tph ochobhh rpynH.
Tpyna I - Chchh co jacHO flH^epeHHHpaHH 300M0P$hh $mypH
Ochobho o6eaexje Ha oBoj THn c^hh e jacHaTa H3aBoeHocT Ha TpHTe xhbothhckh ^HrypH, mTo He e caynaj co caeaHaTa rpyna. npnaoxyBaMe HeKoAKy npHMepH, 3a aa th coraeaaMe Hej3HHHTe ochobhh o6eaexja (6e3 npeTeH3HH aa HanpaBHMe nperaea Ha cHTe
TaKBH npHMeponH).
Ha nerapn ja3HHHüa, OBaa npeTCTaBa e 3acTaneHa co penncn HfleHTHHHH ejieMeHTH (T.I:4-7):
flecHaTa cTpaHa Ha KoMno3HnHjaTa ja 3a(j)aKa neTHpHHoacHO xhbotho co jacHH oSejieacja Ha rpn(J)oh. Top30TO My e H3BneHO, flOJirHOT BpaT npeMHHyBa co raaBa Ha Koja ce pacno3HaBa 3aKpHBeH KjiyH, oko h HanyneHH yniH. Ho3eTe My ce araecTO npeBHTKaHH, co HaraaceHH rnenn t.e. KaHyn. npeflHHTe ce noflHraaTH KaKO saja 3rparranjie e^HaTa Hora Ha ueHTpajiHaTa c^Hrypa. Has T0p30T0 ce H3flHra onarnoT co jihctcct 3aBpmeTOK h TpoHjieH mothb Koj, Bp3 ocHoBa Ha apyra nopeajiHCTHHHO npHKaacaHH npHMepn 6h Moaceji aa ce onpeaejiH KaKO CTHjiraHpaHO Kpnjio, rpHBa hjih HeKaKOB flonojiHHTejieH mothb co (|)jiopajieH hjih apyr KapaKTep.
Ha cnpoTHBHaTa cTpaHa oa KoMno-3HijHjaTa e nprncaacaH apyr THn jkhbotho, ch-MeTpHHHO nOCTaBeHO BO OflHOC Ha rpH(J)OHOT. T0p30T0 My e penncn HjieHTHHHO 06pa60teh0, ho bo noMajin flhmeh3hh, co
T.I. 1. Opovo (D. Mrkobrad, Arheološki..., T.CXV:7); 2. Tis-zafüred (É. Garam, Das awarenzeitliche ..., Taf.209:10); 3. Silazi (Zalau/Zilah) (Gli Avari..., 198 - Tav.2: 3); 4. Dvory nad Žitavou (J. Zábojník, Seriation ..., 284-Taf.5-14:1); 5. NovéZámky (J. Zábojník, Seriation ..., 284-Taf.5-14:2); 6. Modling (J. Zábojník, Seriation ... , 284-Taf.5-14:3); 7. Ci-erny Brod (Z. Cilinská, Kov..., 46: 34).
hcto H3BeaeHH HO3e h menH. 3aaHHoT aea e ymTe noHaraaceHo noaHraaT, a onamoT H3BHeH bo BHa Ha "S". raaBaTa e npHKaxaHa co H3aoaxeHa MynKa Koja e MaaKy noaoTBopeHa HaH co pa3ajaneHH neaycTH. Ha HajMaaKy eaeH npHMepoK (5), Ha bpbot oa raaBaTa e Ha3HaneHo H3aHraaTo yBo.
üeHTapoT Ha KoMno3HHHjaTa ro HcnoaHyBa xHBoTHHcKa ^Hrypa, cBpTeHa koh tobo. KopnyaeHTHoTo Top3o h aeTaaHTe Ha raaBaTa (KapaKTepncTHHHaTa KoHTypa, o6aH-kot h pacnopeaoT Ha napoT poroBH, yBoTo h okoto) jacHo noKaxyBaaT aeKa ce pa6oTH 3a npeTcTaBa Ha roBeao. npHKaxaHo e bo aHHaMHHKa noayaexenKa no3a, co npeaHHTe Ho3e npeBHTKaHH noa TeaoTo, o^bh^ho bo MoMeHT npH koj' ce npenHyBa noa HanaaoT Ha rpH^oHoT, ho npH Toa ceymTe ce apxH Ha 3aaHHTe Ho3e.
HcraTa rao6aaHa opraHH3anHja Ha oBaa caHKa ja caeaHMe Ha ymTe tph ja3HHH&a, ho ceKoe oa hhb, bo nortea Ha KapaKTepoT Ha ^HrypHTe h mhhhot Ha HHBHaTa H3Bea6a oneBH^Ho npHnara Ha 3ace6HH BapnjaHTH Ha oBaa aHKoBHa npeTcTaBa.
Ha npHMepoKoT oa Siladi (Zalau / Zilah) e ymTe nojacHo aH^epeHHHpaH H3raeaoT Ha aBeTe KpajHH ^HrypH, 6e3 pa3aHKa Ha Toa mTo HHBHaTa no3a noKaxyBa jacHH peaa-hhh co npeTxoaHo eaa6opHpaHaTa BapHjaHTa (T. I:3). OHrypaTa Ha rpH^oHoT e noKpynHa, onamoT 3aBpmyBa co cerMeHT bo BHa Ha 6pmaeHoB aHcT. TeaoTo h Ho3eTe Ha ^HrypaTa oa cnpoTHBHHoT Kpaj ce npHKaxaHH c^hhho, ocBeH onamoT Koj e co HemTo noTeHoK 3aBpmeToK. noKpaj Hero, Ha rp6oT ctoh craaH3HpaH aHcTecT mothb nocTaBeH Ha rpaHne. raaBaTa Ha oBa xhbotho noceayBa jacHH pa3aHKH bo oaHoc Ha rpH^oHoT. npHKaxaHa e co H3aoaxeHa, jacHo npo^HaHpaHa MynKa, Ha bpbot 3aTaneHa, co HaraaceHH 3a6H, mTo ynaTyBa Ha npeTcTaBa Ha MecojaaHo xhbotho (HajBepojaTHo BoaK T.e. Kyne). Mery oBHe aBe cTpaHHHHH xhbothh e npHKaxaHa ^Hrypa Ha eaeH bo aHHaMHHKa no3a. ^BeTe npeaHH Ho3e My ce HcnpyxeHH Hanpea, eaHaTa oa 3aaHHTe e noa cToMaKoT aoaeKa apyraTa coceM no3aaH, npea TeaoTo Ha rpH^oHoT. raaBaTa e MaaKy noaHraaTa h aonoaHeTa co cTHaH3HpaH por. Xhbothoto ro HcnoaHyBa chot npocTop Mery aBeTe crpaHHHHH ^HrypH, co3aaBajkH MomHe HHBeHTHBHo H3BeaeH npenaeT Ha HHBHHTe Teaa. HacnpoTH eBHaeHTHHTe pa3aHKH, oBaa KoMno3HHHja noKa-xyBa jacHH 6aHcKocTH co npeTxoaHaTa rpyna npeTcTaBH, bo noraea Ha KoHTypaTa Ha ^HrypHTe h HHBHaTa opraHraanHja bo paMKHTe Ha neaaTa KoMno3HHHja.
Ha npHMepoKoT oa Tiszafüred (rpo6 507) aBeTe cTpaHHHHH ^HrypH Ha ja3HneTo He ce ToaKy jacHo aH^epeHHHpaHH (T.I:2). Bo oBoj caynaj, rpH^oHoT (npHKaxaH KaKo h Ha npeTxoaHHTe npHMepH) ja 3a^aka aeBaTa cTpaHa Ha KoMno3HHHjaTa. Ha cnpoTHBHHoT Kpaj e npHKaxaHo xhbotho co caHHHa ^opMa Ha top3oto, ho cenaK co jacHH eaeMeHTH koh ro aH^epeHHHpaaT bo oaHoc Ha npeTxoaHoTo: - Ho3eTe ce noKpaTKH, co cHaHo noTeHUHpaHH KaHyH (3aaHHTe pacneKopeHH, npH mTo eaHaTa ce ry6H 3aa paMKaTa Ha ja3HneTo); - MyqKaTa e no3aTaneHa; - Haa raaBaTa cTojaT aBa cBHeHH cerneara (roaeMH ymH HaH poroBH); - Haa rp6oT ce H3aHra cpnoBHaeH cerMeHT Koj e noBp3aH co npeaHaTa Hora - ceKaKo KpHao Ha xhbothoto; - onamoT e npHKaxaH KaKo "oHayaHpaH" cerMeHT nocTaBeH Ha 3aaHHoT aea oa rp6oT. U,eHTpaaHaTa ^Hrypa npHKaxyBa TpeBojaaHo xhbotho bo noayaexe^Ka no3a, co Ho3e cBHTKaHH noa TeaoTo h HemTo raaHraaT 3aaeH aea. BpaToT My e aoar, a raaBaTa cBpTeHa koh Ha3aa, rope aonoaHeTa co mHaecTH ymH HaH MaaH porn Haa. CyaejkH cnopea KoHTypHTe Ha TeaoTo h raaBaTa, 6h Moxeao aa ce pa6oTH 3a roBeao HaH ko&.
CneHaTa Ha npHMepoKoT oa Opovo (T.I:1) rH coapxH cHTe eaeMeHTH Ha KoMno3H-HHjaTa, THnHHHH 3a oBaa rpyna. Ce pa3aHKyBa caMo bo cMHcaa Ha opHeHTanHjaTa Ha
K0Mn03HnHjaTa bo paMKHTe Ha ja3HneT0 h bo npHcycTBOTO Ha KayHOBH Kaj CHTe tph ^Hrypn. OBa o6eaexje 6h Moxeao aa yKaxyBa Ha peaanHjaTa Ha HamHOT THn komho3h-uhh co eaHa apyra KaTeropHja nojacHH ja3HHH^a Ha koh ce npeTCTaBeHH tph ^HrypH Ha rpH^OHH, npHKaxaHH cHMeTpHHHO HaH bo noBopKa (co eaeH nempaaeH, opHeHTHpaH Ha 6h^o Koja crpaHa h aBaTa KpajHH cBpTeHH koh Hero).5
Tpyna II - Chchh co npenjeTeHH 300M0P$hh $mypH
OBaa HK0H0rpa^cKa BapHjaHTa e 3acTaneHa Ha roaeM 6poj npHMeponH bo koh, nopaaH bhcokhot cTeneH Ha npoayKqHja (no hphhuhhot KOHHpaae cnopea hoctoj'hh npHMeponH) ce jaBHa cHaeH nponec Ha opHaMeHTaaraanHja T.e. ry6eae Ha h3bophhot KapaKTep Ha aHKOBHaTa npeTcTaBa (T.III; T.IV). KaKO naoa Ha OBa, bo 6poj'hh npHMeponH ce 3anyBaaa caMO npeno3HaTaHBaTa 6a3HHHa apxHTeKTOHHKa Ha MacHTe mTO ja coHHHyBMe K0Mn03HnHjaTa (T.II:-5-7; T.IV:5-7); TpHTe ^HrypH ce nocTaBeHH bo H3B0HpeaH0 AHHaMHneH B3aeMeH cooaHoc, ao Toj cTeneH aeaHKaTeH mTO MajcTopHTe koh rH penpoaynHpaae, He ycneBaae ceKoram aa rH pa36epaT bo hhbhhot H3B0peH cooaHoc. KaKO nocaeaHna Ha OBaa aHHaMHHHocT, aypH h Ha HajjacHHTe npHMeponH HaeHTHTeTOT Ha npHKaxaHHTe xhbothh cTaHaa HenocTojaH h HejaceH. Bo eaHa HaeH-THHHa K0Mn03HUHja eaeH hcth aHK HeKoram HMa o6eaexja Ha rpH^OH, a apyKnaT Ha BoaK T.e. Kyne; cpeaHaTa ^Hrypa eaHam e eaeH T.e. cpHa, a apyKnaT ko& T.e. Ma3ra. npHaoxHBMe noroaeM 6poj BapHjaHTH Ha 0B0j thh ja3HHHaa, co HaMepa aa ja Hay-cTpHpaMe OBaa cocroj6a h aa HaBae3eMe bo chctcmot Ha opraHH3anHja Ha ^Hrypm-e bo Hea. CnopeayBajkH rH OBHe 6pojHH npHMeponH ce oÓHaoBMe aeayMHO aa ro peKOH-cTpyHpaMe h3bophhot Moaea Ha OBaa caHKa.
OneBHaHo e aeKa nernapoT Ha K0Mn03HnHjaTa ro 3a^aka HeKoe TpeB0jaaH0 xhbotho (npHKaxaHO bo npo^Ha, co raaBaTa koh aecHo). 3a Toa roBopaT HeKOH eae-MeHTH 3anyBaHa Ha HajacHHTe npHMeponH: - H03e co KonHTa T.e. nannH (T.II:1; T.III:3-5); - raaBa co o6eaexja Ha eaeH T.e. cpHa (T.II:2,3; T.III:5-7) HaH M0xe6H ko& T.e. Ma3ra (T.II:1; T.III:3,4); - H3aoaxeH0 T0p30 co aHMeH3HH noMaaH oa OHHe Ha ctp aHHHHHTe ^h-rypH. 3aaHH0T aea Ha ^HrypaTa e bhcoko noaHrHaT ao ropHHOT pa6 Ha ja3HneT0, npH mTO Toa He ce ap^H Ha 3aaHaTa Hora Koja mTO e npHKaxaHa KaKO onymTeHa bhch h He ja aonHpa 0cH0BaTa Ha caHKaTa.
BaKBaTa HenpHpoaHa no3HnHja Ha neHTpaaHOTO xhbotho e onpaBaaHa co npHcycTBOTO Ha aeBaTa oa ctpaHHHHHTe ^HrypH. Taa naK, e npHKaxaHa co MomHe K0pnyaeHTH0 xhbothhcko Teao Koe ro HcnoaHyBa chot aeB aea oa K0Mn03HnHjaTa. Ha HeKOH ja3HHH^a e jacHO noTeHnHpaHa MacHBHocTa Ha Her0B0T0 top3o (0c06eH0 T.II:2; T.III:6,7) h 3aaHaTa Hora, co HaraaceHH HaH npenoTeHnHpaHH KaHyH (T.II: 1,2,4-7; T.III:3-5). npeaHHOT aea Ha OBaa ^Hrypa e cKpHeH 3aa nempaaHOTO xhbotho, ho cy-aejkH cnopea npHcycTBOTO Ha raaBa, npHKaxaHa noa T0P30T0, jacHO e aeKa Toj aea ce Haora noa Hero. TaaBaTa Ha OBa xhbotho e MomHe HejacHO npHKaxaHa, bo HeKOH npHMepH co o6eaexja Ha rpH^OH (T.II:,1,4; T.III:2-5), a bo apyrH Ha HeKaKBO apyro xhbotho (T.III: 1,3,4,6). CMeTaMe aeKa h3bopho OBaa ^Hrypa My npHnaraaa Ha rpH^OHOT, npH mTO Her0BH0T KayH, cBpTeH Haaoay, oa HeKOH MajcTopH 6Ha "HHTaH" KaKO yBO Ha xhbotho cBpTeHO co MyqKaTa Harope. MomHe othophhot mothb Ha
5 npHMep0K0T e npeTcTaBHHK Ha 3ace6Ha rpyna BaKBH ja3HHHK.a, 3acTaneHa co 6pojHH npeaMeTH.
T.II: 1. Mistelbach (J. Zabojnik, Seriation ..., 284-Taf.5- T.III: 1. Obid, Nove Zamky (Z. Čilinska, Kov ..., 47:36); 14:5); 2. Modling (J. Zabojnik, Seriation ... , 284-Taf.5- 2. Szebeny (t. Garam, Avar..., Pl.VIII:5); 3. Szebeny (t. 14:6); 3. Leobersdorf (J. Zabojnik, Seriation ... , 290- Garam, Avar ..., Pl.IX:11); 4. Homokmegy - Halom (t. Taf11-15:2); 4. Leobersdorf (J. Zabojnik, Seriation ... , Garam, Avar..., Pl.II:6); 5. Szebeny (t. ^Garam, Avar..., 284-Taf.5-14:4); 5. Tiszafured (t. Garam, Das Pl.X:7); 6. Cifer - Pac, Trnava (Z. Čilinska, Kov ..., awarenzeitliche ..., Taf.216:1); 6. Tiszafured (t. Garam, 46:35); 7. Radvan nadDunajom - Žitavska Ton (Z. Čilin-Das awarenzeitliche ... , Taf.211:9); 7. Tiszafured (t. ska, Kov..., 47:37). Garam, Das awarenzeitliche ..., Taf.219:7).
no^yKpyxHH 6pa3flH, phtmhhho Hape^eHH noa h Ha# yeHTpanHaTa ^nrypa (T.II:4,6; T.III:1-5; T.IV-4,5) CMeTaMe, ja npnKaxyBan HaKOCTpemeHaTa rpnBa mTO ce npoTerana Bflo^x BpaTOT h rp6oT Ha rpn^OHOT (He mTO nojacHO bh^ahbo Ha npHMepoKOT 1 o^ T. II).6
flecHaTa CTpaHHHHHTe ^nrypn e npnKaxaHa co noMann flHMeH3HH o^ neBaTa (HeKa^e Taa pa3nnKa e MomHe HarnaceHa (T. II:,2; T.III:6,7). Ha e^eH npnMepoK top3oto e nyHKTHpaHo (T.III:7) KaKo o3HaKa Ha neraBocTa Ha Tenom flBeTe Ho3e ce o6pa6oTeHH aHMorao Ha neBaTa ^nrypa, co HarnaceHH menn h KaHyn. rnaBaTa e npHKaxaHa MomHe HejacHo h bo pa3HH BapnjaHTH, TaKa mTo He ao3BonyBa cnrypHa HfleHTH^HKaynja Ha
6 3a oBoj eneMeHT bh^h HaTaMy bo TonKyBaK.aTa 3a rpn^oHoT.
T.IV: 1. Vukovar (D. Mrkobrad, Arheološki..., T.CXV:6); 2. Šopronj (J. Koeaneeuh, AeapcKU ... ,176 - ca. 113); 3. Mali Idoš (J. Koeaneeuh, AeapcKU ... , 176 - ca. 113); 4. Sonta (D. Mrkobrad, Arheološki ..., T.CXV:9); 5. Mali Idoš (D. Mrkobrad, Arheološki ..., T.CXV:11); 6. Vojka (D. Mrkobrad, Arheološki..., T.CXV:8); 7. Szebeny (£. Garam, Avar..., Pl.VII:10).
KOHKpeTHHOT BHfl Ha koj' npHnarano xhbothhoto. Ha HeKOH npHMeponn (T.II:4; T.III:6) ce HaceTyBa Hej3HHO 3amHnyBaae bo KnyH (= rnaBa Ha tph^oh), ho cenaK, bo noBekeTO cnynaH Taa hoch o6enexje Ha HeKoj Hene^HHHpaH nHnan co yBO Ha 3anHH0T nen, KpyxHO oko h H3flonxeHa Myu;Ka. npenHHOT nen Ha top3oto h BpaTOT Ha OBaa $Hrypa ce noKpHeHH co rnaBaTa Ha neHTpanHOTO xhbotho. Ha HeKOH ja3HHHaa Taa koh xhbot-hobo nocerayBa co npenHaTa mena, mTO ocTaBa BnenaroK neKa ro 3rpanHHna co menaTa h ro naBH, noMarajkH ce npH Toa co BpaTOT h rnaBaTa.
Be3 pa3nHKa Ha K0H^y3H0cra Ha K0Mn03HnHjaTa, jacHO e neKa Ha OBaa BapHjaHTa ja3HHHaa e npHKa^aH cynHp Mery nBa 300M0p^HH nHKa n0BT0pH0 n0Bp3aH co nocenHHmTOBOTO Ha neHTpanHOTO xhbotho. KapaKTepoT Ha cTpaHHHHHTe nHKOBH e HejaceH, ho toj' TeopeTcKH Moxe na ce HneHTH$HKyBa npeKy KOMnapanHja co cneHaTa on npBaTa rpyna ja3HHHaa. BaKBaTa nocTanKa ce 6a3Hpa Bp3 aKcHOMOT cnopen koj' cneHaTa on OBaa rpyna ja3HHHaa ja npHKaxyBana HcTaTa MHTcKa cnHKa h HcTHTe nHKOBH KaKO h Ha OHHe on npBaTa rpyna. Bo toj' KOHTeKcT e pe^HcH cHrypH0 neKa bo HneanHHOT Monen, neBaTa $Hrypa My npHnarana Ha rpH^OHOT (npHKa^aH co noroneMa $Hrypa co KnyH h rpHBa), noneKa necHaTa - Ha KyneT0 T.e. B0nK0T (noMana $Hrypa co H3nonxeHa MynKa).
He ja HcK^ynyBaMe MoxHocTa fleKa bo HeKoH cflynaH (npHMep: T.IV:2), bo HcTaBa KoMno3HnHja, npHMapHo HflH ceKyH^apHo ÖHflo KoflHpaHo h flpyro cnxe, Ha Koe yKaxyBaaT HeKoH HcTpaxyBaHH (Ha npHMep "efleHH Ha oflMop").7
rpyna III - CneHH co 300M0p$hh, 300 - aHTponoMop$HH h aHTponoMop$HH $mypH
Bo oBaa rpyna rH KflacH^HnHpaBMe oHHe nojacHH ja3HHHaa Kaj koh, bo neHTpamaTa cneHa, noKpaj hhcto 3ooMop^HHTe ^HrypH ce BKflyneHH h TaKBH koh ce flonoflHeTH co anrponoMop^HH efleMeHTH, KaKo h hhcto amponoMop^HH ^HrypH. CeKoj npHMep ofl oBaa rpyna npeTcTaByBa cnenH^meH cflynaj, TaKa oto He Moxe fla ce KaTeropH3Hpa nofl HeKaKBa eflHHcTBeHa HKoHorpa^cKa h KoMno3HnHcKa MaTpHna, 3aeflHHH Ka 3a crn-e npHMeponH. HeKoH ofl cneHHTe, cnopefl cBojaTa flHKoBHa KoHnennHja h KoMno3HnHja ce BKflonyBaaT bo flBeTe npeTxoflHH rpynH, flofleKa flpyra noKaxyBaaT noMaflH HflH norofleMH pa3flHKH bo oflHoc Ha hhb. 3aToa ceKoj ofl npHMepHTe ke ro eflaöopHpaMe oflfleflHo.
1.	Ja3rne 0^ Tisavarkonj (T.V:1,a,b)
HaKo no ocHoBHaTa Komypa cooTBeTcTByBa Ha npeTxoflHHTe, oBa ja3Hne ce pa3flH-KyBa ofl hhb no paMKaTa Koja oto e 3pHecTo pacnfleHeTa. Ha HeroBHoT 3afleH flefl e ^opMHpaHo THnHHHoTo Maflo npaBoaroflHo nofle, eflBaj H3flBoeHo ofl ocHoBHaTa KoMno-3HnHja. EflHaTa crpaHa ofl neHTpaflHaTa cneHa ja 3a$aka ^Hrypa Ha KoMno3HTHo cy oTecTBo co HarflaceH 3afleH flefl h npeflHH oenH HcnpyxeHH koh rope h koh Hanpefl. CpeflHHoT flefl ofl TefloTo My e noKpHeH co cxeMaTH3HpaHo Kprno h floflra rpHBa. Taa e npHKaxaHa KaKo cHon ofl H3BHeHH 6pa3flH Koj ce cny oTa ofl MaflaTa rflaBa, flonoflHeTa co öafleMecTo oko h MaflH Han yfleHH yoH. OBHe oöeflexja ja onpefleflyBaaT oBaa ^Hrypa KaKo KpHflecT ko&, npHKaxaH co Ho3e Ha 3Bep, koh HaMecTo co KonHTa, 3aBp oyBaaT co KaHyecTH oenH. OHrypaTa ofl cnpoTHBHHoT Kpaj Ha cneHaTa, npHKaxyBa KoMno3HTHa ^Hrypa co 3oo - anrponoMop^HH oöeflexja (fleTaflH: T.VII:4,5). Hej3HHHoT 3afleH flefl e noflHrHaT h co HaraaceHH flHMeH3HH, 3aflHaTa Hora e cBHTKaHa, a floflrHoT onao ja cfleflH KoHTypaTa Ha rpöoT h 3aBp oyBa co AHcreT floflaToK. npeflHHTe Ho3e ce hcto TaKa cBHTKaHH h MaflKy HcnpyxeHH koh Hanpefl. TflaBaTa e fleTa^Ho npHKaxaHa Hafl hhb, bo aH^ac, co KpyxHo flHne Ha Koe ce mo oHe nflacran ho Ha3HaneHH onrne, o6pa3HTe, ho-cot, MycTakHTe h noflöpafloKoT. Ofl Hero Haflofly ce cny OTa ohpok cHon H3HBeHH 6pa3-flH koh ja o3Han yBaaT öpaflaTa oto ce npoTera ce flo npeflHHTe Ho3e Ha cy oTecTBoTo. Ha aHafloreH Han hh e yKpaceHo h flpyrHTH flHne Ha ja3HHem8
2.	Ja3rne o^ Tiszafüred, epoß 496 (T.VI:1,a,b)
Cnopefl cHTe nepH^epHH Mop^oflooKo - THnoflo okh efleMeHTH, oBa ja3HH e bo rfloöaflHH paMKH cooTBeTcTByBa Ha oHHe ofl npeTxoflHHTe flBe rpynH (KoHTypa, paMKa, Maflo npaBoaroflHo nofle co ^flopafleH mothb co "S" KoMno3HnHja). Ce pa3flHKyBa ofl hhb no flBe KoMnoHeHTH - no bhcokhot cTeneH Ha axypHpaHocr Ha nenrpaflHaTa peflje^Ha
7	J. KoBaqeBHh, ABapcKH ... , 176.
8	PaanHKHTe Mery flBeTe npeTOTaBH ce flonxar Ha upTe^HTe ynoTpe6eHH ofl flBe paanH^HH nyônHKa^H, pa6oTeHH ofl aaceÔHH ^Ta™. (Gli Avari ... , 198, Tav.2:4; J. KoBaqeBHh, ABapcKH ... , 175).
T.V: l.a, 6 Tisavarkonj (la: Gli Avari..., 19S-Tav.2 4; l6: J. Koeaneeuh, AeapcKU ... ,175-ca.111); 2. a,6. Banbalma - Czebe puszta (Gli Avari..., 177,178).
cneHa h no Toa mTO e npHKaxaHa Ha oöeTe cTpaHH oa npeaMeTOT. JacHH peaanHH ce eBHfleHTHH h Ha HHBO Ha K0Mn03HnHjaTa T.e. pacnopeaoT h 0ÖaHK0T Ha ^HrypHTe.
npeaeaoT Ha ja3HHeT0 Koj rpaBHTHpa koh HeroBHOT bpb, oa oöeTe HeroBH aHna ro 3a^aka ^Hrypa Ha rpH^OH, npeTcTaBeH Ha HaHHH koj' e THnHHeH h 3a npeTxoaHHTe npHMeponH. H TyKa, Ha rpöoT e npHKaxaH THnHHHHOT nepjecT mothb (hmhk Ha Kpnao HaH rpHBa). Bo caynajoB, cnenH^HHHO e oöpaöoTeH onamoT, koj' Ha oöeTe cTpaHH oa ja3HHeT0 H3aeryBa oa cnojoT Ha 3aaHaTa Hora h cTOMaKOT Ha rpH^OHOT, a 3aBpmyBa Ha 3aaHH0T aea oa rpöoT, pacnaeHeT bo pecH. Ha cnpoTHBHHOT Kpaj oa K0Mn03HnHjaTa, Ha oöeTe aHna e npHKaxaHO xhbotho hhj' KOHKpeTeH poa He Moxe aa ce onpeaeaH. Top30T0 My e peHHcH HaeHTHHHO co OHa Ha rpH^OHOT, BKaynyBajkH ro aypH h onamoT, ho öe3 nepjecTHOT aoaaTOK Ha rpöoT. Ho, raaBaTa e npHKaxaHa coceM pa3aHHH0 - Ha npeaHHOT aea, HaMecTO co KayH 3aBpmyBa bo BHa Ha aBa noayKpyxHH cerMeHTH koh ocTaBaaT BnenaTOK Ha OTBopeHa My^a. Ha oöeTe aHna oa npeaMeTOT, Taa e aonoaHeTa co roaeMH öaaeMecTH ohh, KaKO h ymH koh Ha npeaHaTa cTpaHa oa ja3HHeT0 ce co aHc-TecTa aoaeKa Ha 3aaHaTa, co cpneBHaHa ^opMa.
Mefy OBHe aBe xhbothhckh ^HrypH, Ha oöeTe aHna oa ja3HHeT0 e npecTaBeHa ^h-rypa Ha HOBeK bo noayaexeHKa n03a, cBpTeH koh btopoto oa npHKaxaHHTe xhbothh. Bo oöaTa caynaH e MomHe aeTa^HO npeTcTaBeHa HeroBaTa raaBa, co Ha3HaneHa Koca,
T.VI: 1,a,6 Tiszafured (^pmern: cnoped: £. Garam, Das awarenzeitliche ..., HacaoeHa cmpana; Abb.93 1/496); 2.a,6. Komarno -Lodenice (J. Zabojnik, Seriation ... , 286-Taf.7-22:5); 3. Tiszafured, 3a: (u,pmew; cnoped: £. Garam, Das awarenzeitliche..., Taf. 210:3); 36: Tiszafured (£. Garam, Das awarenzeitliche ... , Taf.154-Grab.1149:5b); 4. ffemaA od nojacHo ja3me, Pohorelice, (N. Profantova, Awarische ... ,747, Taf.33 -B-10).
aKueHTHpaHH MycTakH h aoara mnHnecTa 6paaa. Tophhot aea oa HeroBoTo Teao e noKpHeH co Heae^HHHpaHa apanepHja (Ha apyraTa cTpaHa aeayMHo cKpHeHa oa btopoto xhbotho). Ha eaHoTo aHne oa ja3HneTo e npHKaxaHo KaKo noBeKoT ce noTnHpa Ha 3eMja co noaKoaeHHnaTa, npH mTo bo 6openKH 3a^aT, co eaHaTa paKa ro apxn xhbothoto 3a na3yBaTa noa npeaHaTa Hora. Ha apyraTa cTpaHa, HeroBaTa $Hrypa e ae-ayMHo 3aTcKpHeHa oa ^HBoTHHTe. Ce raeaa HoraTa, raaBaTa h apyraTa paKa Koja ro on-^aka xhbothoto oKoay BpaToT.
EBHaeHTHo e aeKa o6eTe aHna Ha ja3HneTo Tpe6a aa ce TpeTHpaaT KaKo aBe cTpaHH Ha eaHa eaHcTBeHa, ycaoBHo KaxaHo cKyamypaaHa KoMno3HnHja.9 Bo toj' KoHTeKcT cTa-HyBa jacHo TexeHeeaeTo Ha TBopenoT aa ja npHKaxe 6op6aTa Ha noBe^KHoT aHK co He-ae^HHHpaHoTo xhbotho, npH mTo toj', ro on^aTHa oKoay BpaToT h co Te^HHaTa Ha cBoeTo Teao h crnaTa Ha paneTe ce o6HayBa aa ro Kyrae Ha 3eMja hhh aa ro oap^H bo Taa no3HnHja.
9 3a aa ro aoaoBHMe oBoj BneiaTOK, eaHaTa cTpaHa Ha jaairaeTo (ca. 1a) ja npiiKajKaBMe bo o6paTHa T.e. oraeaaaHa npoeKanja.
T.VII: 1. Momue od dpeopesöa, pycKU Qonxnop (E. A. Puöaxoe, Äs. dp. Pycu..., 305); 2. Memama nnonxa, BenecmuHo, Tecanuja, 7. eeK, (J. Werner, Slawische ..., Taf.1:4); 3. Momue epexaH ep3 dpeeH Mysunxu UHcmpymeHm, Hoezopod, 12 eeK (E. A. Puöaxoe, Äs. dp. Pycu ..., 271, 272); 4. ffeman od nojacHo jasune, Tisavarkonj, 7-8. eeK, (J. Koeaneeuh AeapcKu ... ,175-cn.111); 5. ffeman od nojacHo jasun e, Tisavarkonj, 7-8. eeK (Gli Avari... , 198 -Tav.2 / 4); 6. ffecm cmpaHa Ha deojHa $uzypa od KaMeHeH penje$, ecmepuep Ha u,pxeama Ce. Huxona eo Hup, MamKa, CKonje, cpedef eeK (B. flunnuK, MamKa ..., 101-cn.55); 7. KaMeHa cxynnmypa, MeconomaMuja, CyMepcKa u,ueunusau,uja, (A. Parrot, Sumer ..., Fig. 277); 8. ffeman od nojacHo jasune, Banbalma - Czebe puszta, 7-8. eeK (Gli Avari ... , 177, 178); 9 MemanHa nnonxa, Cku6uhu,u, YxpauHa, 6-7. eeK (C-bKpoeuw,e ... , Kam. 6p.37); 10. ffeman od snamHa Qanepa, CeeepcKuu KypzaH, aHmunxu nepuod, Cxumcxo-CapMamcxu Kynmypu (Mutfyu ... T.2, 449); 11. deman od nojacHo jasune, Pohorelice, 7-8. eeK (J. Koeaneeuh, Aeapcxu ..., $omozpa$uu Meiy cmp.144 u 145); 12. ffeman od penje^HC deKopau,uja Ha MemanHa easa, Hai-CeHm-Muxnow, 9. eeK, (u,pmex cnoped: fl. ffoHn eea - nemxoea, MumonozunHu ..., 109: 06p.82); 13. EpoHseHa annuKau,uja, cpedeH eeK, OMenuHo, npuxaMje, (fl. B. Huxoea, Ko eonpocy..., 82, puc 1/2); 14. MemanHa nnonxa, BenecmuHo, Tecanuja, 7. eeK, (J. Werner, Slawische ..., Taf.1:3).
MHTcKHTe OHOHeHTH Ha paH0cpeaH0BeK0BHTe nojacHH ja3HHHK.a
3.	Ja3Hne 0^ Banbalma-Czebe puszta, apo6 6p.1 (T.V-2,a,b)
H bo oboj' caynaj ce pa60TH 3a B006maeH0 no ^opMa ja3Hne, Koe mTO e peaje^HO a0pa60TeH0 oa o6eTe cTpaHH h npocaeaeHO co 6poj'hh nep^opanHHH Ha KopnycoT. 3a pa3aHKa oa npeTxoaHHTe npHMepH, bo cneHHTe npHKaxaHH Ha o6eTe aHna oa npeaMe-tot ce jaByBaaT noBeke 300M0p^HH, amponoMop^HH h apyrH eaeMeHTH koh ja OTexHy-BaaT HaeHTH^HKauHjaTa Ha K0Mn03HUHHjaTa. 3a Toa aonpHHecyBa h o mTeTeHocTa Ha npeaHOTO aHne oa npeaMeTOT (2a). Ha OBaa cTpaHa, bo mmoto npaB0ar0aH0 noae e npHKaxaH nap ph6h nocTaBeHH 06paTH0 eaHa bo oaHoc Ha apyra. OKoaHaTa paMKa Ha o6eTe aHna e HcnoaHeTa co nyHKTHpaHH KpyxHH aaanKH.
D,eHTap0T Ha K0Mn03HnHjaTa ro HcnoaHyBa ^Hrypa Ha HeKaKBO ^aHTacTHHHO cymTecTBO. npHKaxaHO e co noayKpyxHO cBHeHO T0P30, aonoaHeTO co aaanaH, T.e. ho-ayxpyxHH pacnaeHyBaaa. Ha 3aaH0T0 aHne oa ja3HneT0 3aaHH0T aea ce TpaHc^opMHpa bo 30Ha oa BepTHKaaHH aHHHH co neHTpaaeH ^aopaaeH mothb Koj ce ry6H bo ropHHOT pa6 Ha K0Mn03HUHjaTa. Ha npeaHHOT aea, top3oto ce cTecHyBa h H3BHBa bo BpaT Koj npeMHHyBa bo roaeMa raaBa co Hcnaa3eHH noayKpyxHO cBHeHH neaycra ^oay e npHKaxaH nap cxeMaTcKH Ha3HaneHH menH co koh cymTecTBOTO KaKO aa nocerHyBa koh coceaHaTa ^Hrypa. npea OBa cy mTecTBO, bo caMaTa ocKa Ha cneHaTa ctoh HeKaKOB HejaceH mothb bo BHa Ha BepTHKaaeH eaeMeHT, aonoaHeT co aBa cHMeTpHHHH KpyxHH cerMeHTH h Haa hhb, ymTe eaeH nap co HenpaBHaHa ^opMa. .HeBO h aecHO oa ^am-ac-thhhoto cymTecTBO cTojaT aBe 3oomop^hh ^HrypH, o6eTe cBpTeHH koh K0peH0T Ha ja3HneT0. OopMaaHHTe o6eaexja Ha OBHe ^HrypH TemKO MOxaT aa ce ae^HHHpaaT nopaaH omTeTeHocTa TOKMy Ha npeaHOTO aHne oa npeaMeTOT. Ha OBaa cTpaHa ce 3anyBaae HeKOH aeTaaH oa ^HrypaTa mTO ctoh Kpaj bpbot Ha ja3HneT0, Ha Koja ce raeaa cnayeTa Ha K0pnyaeHTH0, He 0c06eH0 bhcoko MecojaaHO xhbotho, co HaraaceHH menH h KaHyH, KpaTOK onam h KpyxHa raaBa co octph ymH, HcnpaBeHH Harope (aeTaa: T.VII-8). Ha Hea ce pacno3HaBaaT eaeMeHTH Ha aHne co H3BecHH amponoMop^HH o6eaexja (roaeMH KpyxHH ohh, npaBHaeH hoc h ycra co MaaKy rpoTecKHa rpHMaca). Haa rp6oT ce Haora cerMeHT Koj 6h MOxea aa ro 03HanyBa KpHa0T0 Ha cymTecTBOTO. Ho, 3eMajkH ja npeaBHa 3aaHaTa cTpaHa Ha 0B0j cerMeHT, ce hhhh n0Bep0jaTH0 aeKa ce pa60TH 3a koh-Typa Ha HOBeK Koj jaBa Ha xhbothoto, ap^ejkn bo paneTe Konje (ynaTeHO koh neHTpaaHaTa ^Hrypa) h HeKaKBa apyra onpeMa. Ha chpothbhhot Kpaj oa cneHaTa ce Haora ymTe eaHa ^Hrypa co caHHHa KOHTypa, ho co hommh aHMeHH3HH, HHe npeaHO aHne e cHaHO 0mTeTeH0. CyaejkH cnopea 3aaHaTa, MHory noao6po 3anyBaHa cTpaHa, h bo 0B0j caynaj ce pa6oTeao 3a aHaaorHO xhbotho Ha Koe jaBa HOBeK mTO b paKa ap^H Konje, HaconeHO hobtopho koh uempanHaTa ^Hrypa.
4.	Ja3Hne 0^ Tiszafüred, ¿po61149 (T.VI:3,a,b)
HaKO no ^opMa aHaaorHO Ha npeTxoaHHTe, OBa ja3Hne ce pa3aHKyBa oa cHTe aoce-ra o6pa6oTeHH, no BepTHKaaHaTa opHem-anHja Ha HeroBaTa nempaaHa K0Mn03HnHja. Taa e H3BeaeHa bo h^htok peaje^ h Toa caMO Ha npeaHOTO aHne oa npeaMeTOT, npH mTO e npocaeaeH co HeKoaKy mmh nep^opanHH. 3a pa3aHKa oa npeTxoaHHTe komho3huhh, OBaa e cocTaBeHa oa caMO aBe ^HrypH, oa koh eaHaTa e xHBOTHHcKa, a apyraTa HOBenKa.
noKpaj aeBHOT pa6 Ha ja3HneT0 ctoh xhbotho, HcnpaBeHO Ha 3aaHH H03e, npHKaxaHH MacHBHO, co menH h KaHyH koh noBeke HaaHKyBaaT Ha hpcth. Ha hct HanHH e npHKaxaHO h paMOTO oa Koe Haaoay ce cnHmTa npeaHaTa mena H3BeaeHa Ha-aHK Ha paKa, cBHTKaHa bo aaKTOT h ynaTeHa koh noaoBHHaTa Ha HOBenKaTa ^Hrypa. Taa-
BaTa Ha xhbothoto He ce Haofa Han paMeaaTa, TyKy Ha chpothbhhot pa6 on ja3HHeT0, npn mTO BpaTOT e HOKpHeH co nen on npaHepHjaTa Ha HOBeHKaTa ^Hrypa. Taa e H3non-xeHa, co HonyKpyxHO yBO Ha tophhot Kpaj, KpyxHO oko Ha cpenHHaTa h HonoTBopeHa 3a6ecTa ycTa Ha nonHHOT Kpaj. CHBe OBHe o6enexja Ha ^HrypaTa jacHO yHaTyBaaT Ha HpeTcTaBa Ha MeHKa.
Kpaj necHHOT pa6 Ha ja3HHeT0 e HpHKaxaHa ^Hrypa Ha Max bo o6neKa Koja Hafa bo 6oraTH Ha6opH (Ha "aHTHHKH HaHHH"). bo HpenenoT Ha rpanHTe h paMeaaTa, npaHepHjaTa e HajpacHneHaTa. Ha6opHTe KpyxaT 0K0ny BpaTOT, th cnenaT paMeaaTa h paneTe h HafaaT Hon HonoBHHaTa, bo BHn Ha jaceH pa6, aKueHTHpaH co nBojHa nHHHja. Bo HpenenoT Ha H03eTe, Ha6opHTe Ha o6neKaTa ce BepTHKanHH h 3aBpmyBaaT Han rnyx-noT, TaKa mTO Hon hhb ce HasHpa enHOTO cTOHano. PaneTe He ce jacHO Ha3HaHeHH. Mefy rnaBaTa h paMOTO Ha xhbothoto ce HpoTera eneH cerMeHT on npaHepHja Koj Moxe na ce HneHTH^HKyBa KaKO paKa Koja to OH^aka BpaTOT Ha MeHKaTa h to npxH bo cBHeHa ho-3HnHja. NpyraTa paKa OHeBHnHO e 3aMHcneHa naKa ctoh 3an Ten0T0 Ha xhbothoto. rnaBaTa Ha HOBeKOT e HpHKaxaHa bo Hpo^Hn, co paMHO HOTmHmaHa KaHenHpaHa ^praypa h KpaTKa 6pana. nnacTHHHO e HaTnaceH 06pa30T Ha nHneTO, noneKa hocot e MonenHpaH nocTa HejacHo.
OHeBHnHO e neKa h bo 0B0j cnyHaj HMaMe HpeTcTaBa Ha HOBeK h xhbotho (oBoj HaT jacHO HpHKaxaHa MeHKa) bo cneHa Ha 6op6a, bo Koja OHeBHnHO Ho6enyBa HOBeKOT. Bo Hpa3HH0T TopeH nen on HKOHOTpa^cKOTO Hone ce HpHKaxHH tph HnacTHHHH ceTMeHTH bo BHn Ha Mnana MeceHHHa, cBpTeHH co BpBOBHTe koh paMKaTa. On neBaTa cTpaHa ce Haofa eneH H0T0neM, noneKa Ha cHpoTHBHaTa ctoh Hap on nBa HOManH, HocTaBeHH eneH Hon npyr. ManaTa HeTHpHaTonHa 30Ha Kaj K0peH0T Ha ja3HHeT0 e HcHonHeTa co HejaceH, nB0jH0 3ao6neH mothb bo Koj noMHHHpa nHjaTOHanHO pacHneHyBaae, n0H0nHeT0 co HHKpycTanHja. 3anHaTa cTpaHa Ha ja3HHeT0 e neKopHpaHa co ^nopaneH mothb H3BHeH bo BHn Ha "S", HOMecTeH bo HpaB0aT0nH0 Hone (T.VI:36).
5. Ja3HHe o^ Komarno-Lodenice, rpo6 6p. 71 (T.VI:2,a,6)
nocnenHHOB HpHMep Ha H0jacH0 ja3HHe e cHeuH^HHeH ho Toa mTO cneHaTa Ha nyenoT He to 3a$aka TnaBHOTO HKOHOTpa^cKO Hone Ha HpenMeTOT, TyKy ManHTe HOBpmHHH Han HeT0, nonHpaHH Ha HeT0B0T0 HpenHO h 3anH0 nHne. CynejkH cHopen nocTaHHHTe npTexH, 6h Moxeno na ce pa60TH 3a pynHMeHTHpaH npTex, BpexaH h ceKyH-napHO, Hocne nHeaeTO Ha HpenMeTOT. Ha enHaTa cTpaHa ce HpeTcTaBeHH nBe xhbothh. ropHOTO e co KpyHHO Teno Koe koh HaHpen HeoceTHO HpeMHHyBa bo TnaBa h H0cTeHeH0 ce cTecHyBa 60 MyuKa, noneKa Ha3an 6naT0 ne cHymTa bo Man OHam. MacHBHHTe eK-cTpeMHTeTH (3anHHTe co Ha3HaHeHH meHH) HOHHBaaT Ha tp6ot Ha btopoto xhbotho, HpHKaxaHO bo H3nonxeHH hpohopuhh, co Ha3HaHeHa TnaBa (co pot HnH H0Bep0jaTH0 yBo) h H03e HcHpyxeHH koh HaHpen h koh Ha3an. Ha npyraTa cTpaHa on ja3HHeT0 e HpeT-cTaBeHa K0MH03HUHja Koja He Moxe co cHTypHocT na ce HpoTonKyBa caMO Bp3 0cH0Ba Ha npTexoT mTO hh 6eme nocTaHeH. OHmTHOT BHeHaTOK e, neKa ce pa60TH 3a jaBaH Koj e KaHeH Ha xhbotho (HajBepojaTHO Koa), OHpeMeH co y3nH h HeKaKBO opyxje (MeH HnH HOBepOjaTHO KOHje).
H TyKa HajBepojaTHO ce pa60TH 3a TpoHneHa cneHa Koja 0B0j HaT e HoneneHa Ha nBe onnenHH komho3huhh. CMeTaMe neKa Ha enHaTa cTpaHa e HpHKaxaHa MeHKa Koja HaHafa HeKaKBO TpeB0janH0 xhbotho, noneKa Ha npyraTa, KoaaHHK KaKO Hej3HH 0H0HeHT.
Moxho e, bo cneHHTe oa oBaa KaTeropHja aa HpHHaraae h MaaHTe HpeTcTaBH oa tophhot aea Ha aBe ja3HHHaa oa noxopxeaHne (T.VI:4). Bo oöaTa caynaH ce paöora 3a KpnaecTa noBe^Ka ^Hrypa bo croe^Ka Ho3a h HoKpaj Hea ^Hrypa Ha xhbotho HcHpaBeHo Ha 3aaHHTe Ho3e (ho aHaaoraja co HpeTxoaHHTe HpHMepH HajBepojaTHo MeHKa). Be3 pa3aHKa Ha Toa mTo cMeTaMe aeKa h bo caynajoB e HpHKaxaH ayeaoT Mery MHTcKHTe oHoHeHTH, oBHe HpHMepouH HeMa aa th oöpaöoTHMe bo HamaBa craTHja. npHHHHa 3a Toa e ^ktot mTo oBaa cneHa HpeTcTaByBa aea oa raoöaaHaTa hko-Horpa^Hja Ha neaoTo ja3Hne, TaKa mTo Hej3HHHoT cymTecTBeH KoHTeKcT He Moxe aa ce oTKpHe 6e3 eaHo cHenHjaaHo HcTpaxyBaae Ha oBaa KaTeropHja Hoja3HH ja3HHHaa.
2. npocTopHa ÄH^epeHHHja Ha jHKOBHTe
EBHaeHTHo e aeKa cHTe BapHjaHTH Ha ocHoBHaTa cneHa oa hpHKaxaHHTe ja3HHHfta ce cocTaBeHH Hpea ce h penHcH HcxaynHBo oa aHKoBH. npocTopoT T.e. aMÖH-eHToT bo Koj ce oaBHBa ochobhoto aejcTBo T.e. 6op6aTa Mery oBHe aHKoBH, bo BH3yeaHa cMHcaa BooHmTo He e HpeTcTaBeH. Ha HeKoaKy HpHMepouH Moxe aa ce HpeTHocTaBH He-toboto cHMÖoaHHKo KoaHpaae HpeKy aoHoaHHTeaHH ahkobhh eaeMeHTH bo ^yHKqHja Ha hpoctophh KaacH^HKaTopH, HocTaBeHH Ha MaprHHHTe oa KoMHo3HnHjaTa h aypH HaaBop oa Hea (phöh = xtohckh HpeaeaH; MecenHHa - Hok - TeMHHHa = xtohckh HpeaeaH ?). 3aToa, oBaa aHaaraa HyxHo MopaMe aa ja BTeMeaHMe ToKMy bp3 aHaaH3aTa Ha aHKo-BHTe.
EBHaeHTHpaHHTe KaTeropHH aHKoBH, cHopea oöeaexjaTa Ha HHBHaTa ^Hrypa mo-xaT aa ce KaacH^HnHpaaT bo tph rpyHH:
а)	3ooMop$HU ÄUKoeu:
-	peaAHU MueomHu: - roBeao, eaeH I cpHa, Koa I Ma3ra, MenKa, BoaK I Kyne, HeoHpeaeaeHo TpeBojaaHo xhbotho, HeoHpeaeaeH 3Bep co MacHBHo Teao.
-	fíaHmacmuHHU (K0Mn03umHu) MueomHu: - tph^oh, KpHaecT Koa, 3Mej.
б)	3oo-aHmponoMop$HU ÄUKoeu: - cymTecTBo co Teao Ha 3Bep h raaBa Ha noBeK
e) AHmponoMop$HU ÄUKoeu: - öpaaecT Max; jaBan oHpeMeH co opyxje.
KapaKTepoT Ha oBHe aHKoBH bo paMKHTe Ha cneHHTe e oHpeaeaeH co MecToTo mTo bo Hea ro 3a^akaaT h HHBHHTe peaanHH co apyrHTe HpHKaxaHH ^HrypH. Bo oHpeaeayBaaeTo Ha oBHe KapaKTepHcTHKH hh HoMara ayaaHaTa cHMeTpHHHocT Ha cne-HaTa Koja ce HHTa ymTe bo 6a3HHHaTa KoMHo3HUHcKa opraHH3HpaHocT Ha ^Hryprne bo hpoctopot. Bo raoöaaHH paMKH, Ha hhbo Ha cHTe HpHKaxaHH ja3HHHaa, aoKanHjaTa Ha HaBeaeHHTe aHKoBH He e aHcoayTHo aeTepMHHHpaHa. Ha cneHHTe oa HpBaTa rpyHa (T.I), tph^ohot e Ha aecHaTa cTpaHa, aoaeKa Ha oHHe oa BTopaTa rpyHa (T.II, T.III, T.IV), HajBepojaTHo Ha aeBaTa. HeroBoTo MecTo e HpoMeHaHBo h Ha HpeaMeTHTe oa TpeTaTa rpyHa. Hct e caynajoT h co 3oomop^hhot HaH 3oo - ampoHoMop^eH oHoHeHT Ha tph^ohot. Be3 oraea Ha oBHe pa3aHKH, bo cHTe caynaH, aBaTa oHoHeHTH ce HaoraaT Ha chpoTHBHHTe paöoBH oa cneHaTa, 3aBpTeHH eaeH koh apyr. TpeTHoT naeH e MomHe cTaÖHaeH h Toa bo tph acHeKTH: - HpeaoapeaeHo My e nempaaroTo MecTo Ha komho3h-nHjaTa; - ceKoram e 3acTaHeH bo 3ooMop^eH oöaHK; - ceKoram e 3acTaHeH bo BHa Ha TpeBojaaHo xhbotho.
npHKaxaHHOT cHcTeM Ha npocTopHa onpeaeaeHocT Ha aHKOBHTe e MomHe no-cTojaH, co HcKayHOK Ha aBe - tph ja3HHHaa oa TpeTaTa rpyna bo koh ce npHcyTHH aHTponoMp^HH ahkobh (T.V:2; T.VI:1,2,3).10 OTTyKa, Toj hh ao3BoayBa MHory noaeyH-flHO aH^epeHyHpaae Ha npeTxoaHHOT nonHc Ha aHKOBHTe:
а)	U,eHmpaAHo nocmaeeHu ÄUKoeu: roBeao, eaeH I cpHa, Koa I Ma3ra, HeonpeaeaeHO TpeBoja^HO xhbotho, (3Mej, HOBeK, OTcycTBO Ha yearpaaHa ^Hrypa).
б)	CmpaHUHHo nocmaeeHu äukobu:
-	3ooMop$Hu: - MeHKa, BoaK I KyHe, HeonpeaeaeH 3Bep co MacHBHO Teao, rpH^OH, KpHaecT Koa, HeonpeaeaeH 3Bep. HeonpeaeaeH KpHaecT 3Bep.
-	3oo - aHmponoMop$Hu: - cymTecTBO co Teao Ha 3Bep h raaBa Ha HOBeK
-	aHmponoMop$Hu: - öpaaecr Max; jaBan onpeMeH co opyxje
Bp3 ocHOBa Ha OBaa aH^epeHyHjayHja h KOHKpeTHHTe ahkobhh npHMepH, Ha HaBe-aeHHTe ja3HHHaa MOxaT aa ce onpeaeaaT caeaHHTe TpHjaaH oa ahkobh:
rpH^OH Heonp. KpHaecT 3Bep
rpH^OH
rpH^OH
Heonp. 3Bep (rpH^OH?) Heonp. 3Bep (rpH^OH?) rpH^OH I KpHaecT Koa rpH^OH
HaopyxeH jaBan HaopyxeH jaBan öpaaecr Max
KoaIroBeao eaeH roBeao eaeH
Heonp. TpeBoj. xhbotho roBeao
öpaaecr HOBeK Heonp. TpeBoj. xhbotho 3Mej (xeHcKa ^Hrypa ?) (oTcycTBO Ha yeHTp. $rn\)
Heonp. KpHaecT 3Bep BoaK I KyHe BoaK I KyHe
Heonp. 3Bep (KyHeIBoaK?) Heonp. 3Bep (KyHeIBoaK?) 3Bep co aHTponoM. raaBa Heonp. 3Bep MeHKa
HaopyxeH jaBaH MeHKa
Co OBaa KaacH^HKayHja ce HcypnyBaaT MoxHocTHTe Ha HKOHorpa^cKO-Mop^o-aomKaTa aHaaraa. HaTaMomHHTe coraeayBaaa BaeryBaaT bo c^epaTa Ha MeToaare Ha MHTO^omKO - cHMÖo^HHKaTa aHaaraa Ha aHKOBHare npeTcTaBH, noTKpeneHa co kom-napaTHBHcTHHKH HcTpaxyBaaa.
B. MHTO^OmKO - CHMBO^HHKA AHAHH3A
Ako npHKaxaHaTa aH^epeHyHjayHja Ha aHKOBHTe h hhbhhot pacnopea Ha caHKa-Ta ce nocTaBaT bo eaeH KocMoaomKH KOHTeKcT, MomHe THnHHeH 3a apxaHHHHTe KyarypH, bo HamHTe cyeHH rH aoÖHBaMe ocHOBHHTe KOopaHHaTH Ha mhtckhot npocTop bo Koj ce ocTBapyBa aejcTBHeTO. MomHe e eBHaeHTHO aeKa bo HamHOT cayHaj, npocTopHaTa aHc-no3HyHja Ha caHKaTa He e cTpyKTypHpaHa BepTHKaaHO, no aHaaoraja co peaaHHOT cBeT (rope - He6o, cpeaHHa - 3eMja, aoay - noa3eMje h noaBoaHH xtohckh npeaeaH), TyKy xopH3OHTaaHO (aeBO - cpeaHHa aecHo), npH mTO eaHaTa cTpaHa Ha caHKaTa ro aoÖHBa 3HaHeaeTO Ha aoaHHTe 30hh Ha BceaeHeTaTa, a cnpoTHBHaTa - Ha Hej3HHHTe ropHH npeaeaH.11
10	OBHe HcKayHoyH, bo HapeaHHOT cnHcoK ce nocraBeHH bo aarpa^H.
11	3a OBHe KOHyenTH: B. H. TonopoB, nepBOöhiTHhie ... ; B. H. TonopoB, Moaeab ... ; H. HaycHflHc, MHTcKHTe ... , 51-67.
CeKOja Ofl KpajHHTe KOCMHHKH 3OHH, Ha KoHKpeTHHTe AHKOBHH npHMepH e onpe^efleHa co npncycTBOTO Ha eflHHoT ofl onoHemwe, koh moxst fla ce HfleHTH^HKy-BaaT bp3 0CH0Ba Ha hckoh nio6aflHH mhtcko - chmöojihhkh Kapaktepncthkh Ha npHKaacaHHTe (J)HrypH.
T. VIII: 1-8Penje^u od Kamenu nadzpoönu cnoMeHuu,u-"cmehu,u", cpedeH/noe eeK (M. Wenzel Ukrasni...): 1. Boljuni, Stolac (T.LXXVI:6), 2. Opličici, Stolac (T.LXXV3), 3. Boljuni, Stolac (T.LXXVI:10), 4. Prokletnica, Konjic (T.C:10), 5. Varošište, MesiCi, Rogatica (T.LXXII:13), 6. Dugo Polje, Blidinje (T.LXXVI:11), 7. Ubosko, Ljubinje (T.LXXVI:7), 8. Penje$ eo Kamen, eKcmepuep na u,pKeama eo manacmupom Kanenuh, 15. eeK, (M. Kawanun, Kamena ..., cn.72 ).
I. 300M0P$HH 1HK0BH
1. TpH$0H
3a ymre n0K0HpeTH0 onpeaeayBaae Ha ^yHKanjaTa Ha CTpaHHHHO nocTaBeHHTe ^Hrypn 0C06eH0 hh noMara aHK0T Ha rpH^OHOT, Koj Ha roaeM aea oa HHTaHBHTe npeT-CTaBH Ha ja3HHHftaTa (rpyna I h HeK0H npHMeponH oa rpynaTa III) e 3acTaneH co MomHe KoHCTaHTeH H3raea. Co roaeMa BepojaTHocT, HeroBoTo npHcycTBo Moxe aa ce npeTno-CTaBH h Ha noMaaKy wraHBHTe ja3HHH^a oa II rpyna, h Toa Ha aeBaTa cTpaHa oa KoMno-3HnHjaTa. Bo npHaor Ha BaKBaTa aTpH6yu;Hja oaaT HeKoaKy apryMeHTH:
-	npBo, Toa e noroaeMaTa KopnyaeHTHocT Ha 0Baa ^Hrypa bo oaHoc Ha apyroTo xhbotho (aHaaorHo Ha cocToj6aTa bo ja3HHH^aTa oa npBaTa rpyna).
-	MomHe oTnopHHoT aHCTecT mothb bo npeaeaoT Ha raaBaTa, aoKoaKy He e npenpaBeH bo yBo, Moxe aa ce TpeTHpa KaKo KayH Ha rpH^0H0T.
-	TpeTH0T apryMeHT ce Beke anocTpo^HpaHHTe nepjecTH HaH pececTH mothbh bo npeaeaoT Ha BpaT0T h rpöoT Ha xhbothoto. Oboj' eaeMeHT 0C06eH0 ao6HBa CMHcaa aK0 ce coraeaa bo KoHTeKCT Ha aHaaorHHTe mTo TyKa rH npHaoxyBaMe. CTaHyBa 360p 3a ^aHTacTHHHH cymTecTBa npHKaxaHH Ha CTekqHTe12 (xhbotho HaaHK Ha ko& co menH Ha 3Bep) Ha koh, KaKo MomHe cnenH^HHHo o6eaexje ce jaByBa 3panecT mothb Ha rp6oT, koj' HaaHKyBa Ha HaKocTpemeHa rpHBa (T.VIII:1,2,3), ho bo HeK0H cynaH noTeHnHpaHa ao CTeneH koj' yKaxyBa Ha HeKaKBH apyra - HaapeaaHH, HajBepojaTHo K0CMoaomKH T.e. coaapHH 3Haneaa (T.VIII:5,6). 3eMajkH ja npeaBHa ^yHK^jaTa Ha ko^ot KaKo coaapeH CHM6oa T.e. npeHocHTea Ha coHneTo h He6ecKaTa CBeTaHHa (BHaH HaTaMy 3a ko^ot) CTa-HyBa MoxHa npeTnocTaBKaTa aeKa h bo oBoj caynaj ce pa6oTH 3a mothb Koja co CBojoT 3panecT H3raea ro CHM6oaH3Hpaa CBeTaocHo - coaapHHoT KapaKTep Ha 0Ba ^aHTacTHHHo cymTecTBo. Bo oBoj KoHTeKCT CTaHyBa jacHo ynopH0T0 oncTojyBaae Ha nepjecTH0T mothb Ha CHTe ja3HHH^a oa npBaTa rpyna (T.I), npH mTo Kaj HeK0H npHMepH (T.I:5,6) h bo ^opMa Ha Kpyr co aoaaTHH aHHHH (= coHne co 3panH).
CaMo bo eaeH caynaj e eBHaeHTHpaHo aaTepHHpaaero Ha rpH$0H0T co apyra 300-Mop^Ha ^Hrypa - KpHaecT ko& npHKaxaH co npeaHH H03e Ha 3Bep (T.V:1,a,6). OBaa aa-TepHanHja e oco6eHo HHaHKaTHBHa bo KoHTeKCT Ha HaBeaeHHTe napaaeaH oa creküHre Ha koh, bo ^HrypaTa Ha rpH^0H0T ce MomHe noTeHnHpaHH o6eaexjaTa Ha ko&. OneBHaHo e aeKa Kaj HocHTeaHTe Ha HamHTe ja3HHHaa h TBopnrne Ha CTekqHTe nocTo-eao mhtcko cymTecTBo Koe bo roaeMa Mepa HaaHKyBaao h Ha rpH^oH h Ha ^aHTacTHneH
K0ft.
Tph^ohot e K0Mn03HTH0 cymTecTBo, mHpoKo pacnpocTpaHeTo bo npocTopHTe Ha EBpona, MeaHTepaHoT h 0C06eH0 A3Hja, h Toa noHHyBajkH oa BpeMeTo Ha roaeMHTe aH-THHKH uHBHaH3auHH (MeconoTaMHja, nepcHja, TpnHja ...), npeKy cpeaHH0T BeK, ce ao ^oaKaopoT oa MHHaTH0T H 0B0j BeK. Oa aHK0BH0 - K0CM0a0mKH CHM6oaHHKH acneKT, Moxe aa ce npoToaKyBa KaKo 300M0p^eH penpe3eHT Ha cpeaHHTe h 0C06eH0 ropHHTe 30hh Ha BceaeHaTa. OBHe kocmhhkh 30hh ce KoaHpaHH bo oBoj aHK npeKy npHcycTB0T0 Ha eaeMeHTH oa xhbothh - xHTeaH Ha Haa3eMHaTa 30Ha (Teao h eKCTpeMHTeTH Ha aaB HaH apyr 3Bep) h 0C06eH0 Ha nTHUH, KaKo npeTCTaBHHUH Ha He6ecKHTe c^epH Ha koc-mocot (KpHaja h opeacKH KayH). Bo KoHTeKCT Ha 0Ba, Ha HamHTe npeTCTaBH rpH^0H0T
12 KaMeHH Ha^rpo6HH cnoMeHHUH oa cpeaHHoT BeK h noaouHexHHTe nepnoan, pacnpocTpaHeTH Ha noapanjeTo Ha EocHa, Xep^roBHHa h fleaaoBH Ha flaaMa^ja. (ochobhh noaarc^H h 6H6aHorpa$Hja bh^h: M. Wenzel, Ukrasni ...).
MoxeMe aa ro onpeaeaHMe KaKo 3oOMop^eH penpe3eHT Ha HeöoTo h Ha HeöecKHTe eae-MeHTH (cBexnHHa, coHue, rpoM, oraH) h KaTeropHH (no3HTHBHOTO Haneao, Mok, BaacT, pea, npaBaa ...). CaeacTBeHo Ha OBa, rpH^oHOT e 3oOMop^eH 3acTanHHK Ha HeöecKHOT T.e. BpBxoBHHOT 6or (Ha npHMep, bo rp^KaTa MHToaorHja npHapyxHHK Ha AnoaoH HaH 3eBc).13 Ha aHKOBHHTe npeTcTaBH oa aHTHKaTa h cpeaHHOT BeK, necro e oKpyxeH co He-öecKo - coaapHH chmöo^h, a ce cTaBa bo ono3HUHja co aHKOBH koh HocaT xtohckh o6e-aexja. 3a HameBo HcTpaxyBaae ce ocoöeHo HHTepecHH cpeaHOBeKOBHHTe pycKH npHMepH Kaae Toj ce npHKaxyBa bo ono3HUHja co xTOHcKHTe mhtckh KynHaa - Ch-MapraH. Bo caHneH KOHTeKcT, KaKO onoHeHT Ha apyro xhbotho HaH Axaep ce jaByBa h Ha Beke HaBeaeHHTe cTekuH (T.VIII).14 Ha eaeH KaMeHeH peaje^, oa upKBaTa bo MaHa-cTHpoT KaaeHHk (CpÖHja) e npeTcraBeH rpH^OH h noa Hero raaBa oa BoaK (T.VIII:8) -cmyauHja coceM aHaaorHa Ha OHaa oa npBaTa rpyna ja3HHHaa (T.I:3-7), ocBeH npoMeHaTa Ha KOHuenTOT "aeBO - aecHo" co "rope aoay" h napuHjaaHOTO npHcycTBO Ha xtohckhot aHK (He ^Hrypa Ha BoaK, TyKy caMO HeroBa raaBa).
2. KpnjecT KOft
CaHHHH 3Haneaa MOxaT aa My ce npHnHmaT h Ha KpHaecTHOT Koa Koj, KaKO mTO BHaoBMe, ce jaByBa Ha caMO eaHO oa ja3HHHaaTa (T.V:1,a,6), npH mTO ce pa3aHKyBa oa rpH^OHHTe caMO no npo^HaoT Ha npeaHHOT aea oa raaBaTa h rpHBaTa Koja mTO nafa HH3 BpaTOT. 3a pa3aHKa oa rp^KHOT nera3, npHKaxaH e co HO3e Ha 3Bep. KaKO mTO Beke HanoMHaBMe, h OBoj MHToaomKH aHK, bo ocHOBa rH noceayBa ocHOBHHTe 3Haneaa mTO My ce cBojcTBeHH Ha rpH^oHOT. Ha paHocpeaHOBeKOBHHOT HaKHT oa noapanjeTo Ha ueHTpaaHa, HcTOHHa EBpona h 3anaaHa A3Hja, KoaoT (peaaHcraneH HaH co aonoaHHTe-aeHH mhtckh aTpHÖyra) MHory necTO ce npHKaxyBa KaKO 3MHjoyÖHeu (ctoh Haa 3MHja h nocerHyBa co MyuKaTa no Hej3HHaTa raaBa). OBaa HeroBa ^yHKUHja jacHO ce caeaH Ha HaBeaeHHTe cTekuH Kaae mTO bo ^opMa Ha ^anracraneH Koa - rpH^oH (HaH BoaeH oa KoaaHHK), Toj ce cyaHpa co 3MejoT HaH 3MHjaTa (T.VIII:1-4,6,7). KaKO Koa co 3aaTHa rpHBa (Koja no MaaKy HaaHKyBa h Ha KpHao) h co pa3janeHa 3a6ecTa MyuKa, ce jaByBa Ha paHocpeaHOBeKOBHHTe MeTaaHH naoHKH oa 6. h 7. BeK koh hm ce npHnHmyBaaT Ha Cao-BeHHTe h AHTHTe (MapTHHOBKa; TecaaHja). Bo hcthob nepHoa, bo EBpona h A3Hja ce npeTcTaByBa KaKO npeHocHTea Ha coHueTO, npHKaxaHO Ha HeroBHOT rp6 bo BHa Ha co-aapeH aHcK HaH raaBa Ha coaapHHOT T.e. HeöecKH 6or. CTapocTa Ha OBHe ^hkuhh Ha KoaoT h ocoöeHO HeroBHOT KapaKTep Ha onoHeHT Ha xTOHcKHTe mhtckh aHKOBH, Hajaoöpo ja noKaxyBaaT BeaHcKHTe TpaaHUHH 6o koh KoaoT Ha HHapa rH HMa cHTe oöeaexja Ha 3Mee6opeu.1S
13	OnmTo 3a rpH^oHOT: J. Chevalier, A. Gheerbrant, Rječnik ... , 177; Mm$h ... T.1, 336, 337; Bo 6aaKaHcKHTe cpeaHOBeKOBHH TpaaHUHH: - H. floH^eBa - neTKOBa, MmonorH^HH ... , 13-5Q ; Bo jyxHocnoBeHcKHOT ^onKaop: H. TeopraeBa BtnrapcKa ..., 46, 47 (ro aKueHTHpa HeroBHOT KapaKTep Ha anoTponeoH); Bo pycKaTa cpe^HOBeKOBHa yMeTHocT h Kyarypa: B. A. Pbi6aKOB, H3. äp. PycH ..., 339-341, 557-656 (ro hoch Ha3HBOT "ähbi", cnope,a aBTopoT = 3eBc). PenauHjara "rpH^oH = ^hbi" Moxe aa ce 6a3Hpa Bp3 H3BopHH penauHH Mefy rpH^oHOT h bpxobhoto He6ecKo 6oxecTBo, ^He HMe, bo MHory HHaoeBponcKH MHToaorHH ro coapxH KopeHOT "ähb" KaKO chhohhm 3a "6or".
14	npHMepH oa PycHja: B. A. Pbi6aKOB, H3. äp. PycH ...,561, 57Q, 571; oä cTekuHTe: T. LXXV; LXXVI; oa cpe^HOBeKOBHaTa KaMeHa nnacTHKa: M. KamaHHH, KaMeHa ... , ca.72 (KaaeHHh, Cp6Hja).
3. Bojk T.e. Kyne
KaKO mTO BHnoBMe, Ha enHa MH0ry cra6HnHa BapnjaHTa on npHKaxaHHTe K0Mn0-3huhh (rpyna I /T.I/), KaKO oneBHneH onoHeHT Ha rpHt^OHOT ce jaByBa kkhbotho co jacHH o6enexja Ha BonK T.e. Kyne. Bo HHnoeBponcKHTe MHronorHH o6eTe kkhbothh Hajnecro ro HocaT KapaKTepoT Ha 3acranHHnH Ha xtohckoto, bo HeroBara npocTopHa h ^yHKq0HanHa cMHcna. MHTcKHTe KyHHaa ce necro nyBapH Ha Bne30T bo n0n3eMHH0T cBeT hhh bo neKonoT. KyneT0 h B0nK0T ce jaByBaaT KaKO xHnocra3H Ha npaKOHOT T.e. AKnepoT (xtohckhot 3Mej), Koj BOOČHHaeHO ce npHKaxyBa T0KMy co Bonnja HnH KynemKa rnaBa. Hajno6po n03HaTH TaKBH npHMepH ce ceKaKO iphkhot TpornaB nec Kep6ep h cKaHflHHaBcKHOT TapM.16
XT0HcKaTa npHpona Ha o6eTe khbothh e cHnHO noTeHnHpaHa bo cnoBeHcKHTe TpanHnHH, 3anyBaHH npen ce npeKy ^onKnopHHTe mhtckh ^opmh. Bo OBaa cMHcna e 0c06eH0 HHTepeceH KyuH0T BonK, HapeneH KyqynaH. Ohpoko e pacnpocTpaHeT bo jyxH0cn0BeHcKH0T ^onKnop, Kane HMa jacHH o6enexja Ha xtohckh mhtckh nHK h 300-Mop^Ha xHnocra3a Ha xtohckhot 6or. no HcTaTa nHHHja, bo OBHe TpanHnHH B0nK0T e 3acTanHHK T.e. aHanoroH Ha nHKOBHTe co HeraTHBeH npen3HaK (raBonoT, BpKonanHTe h BaMnHpHTe). Cnopen HeKOH npenaHHja, B0nK0T e c03naneH on raBonoT (h^h xtohckhot 6or KaKO HeroB naraHcKH npeTxonHHK). nocTojaT xHn0Te3H cnopen koh, Toj e npHnpyxHHK h 300M0p^Ha xHnocTa3a Ha cn0BeHcKH0T xtohckh 6or h KOHKpeTHO Ha Benec HnH ,D,ax6or.17
BonKOT T.e. KyneT0, bo ^opMa Ha K0Mn03HTH0 cymTecTB0 (nononHeTO co KpHna h 3aneH nen bo BHn Ha pH6a, 3MHja HnH pacTeHHe) e necT mothb bo cpenHOBeKOBHaTa neKopaTHBHa yMeTHocT. HeroBaTa ^peKBeHnHja e 0c06eH0 necTa bo apeanoT Ha HcTOHHHTe na h JyxHHTe CnoBeHH, h Toa Ha HaKHOT h npKOBHaTa neKopaTHBHa nnacTH-Ka. HK0H0rpa^cK0 - cHM6onHHKHTe h KOMnapaTHBHH HcTpaxyBaaa ynaTyBaaT Ha Te3aTa neKa 3an OBoj nHK ce KpHe cn0BeHcKH0T CHMaprn - mhtckh nec, noKpoBHTen Ha xtohckh-Te npenenH h BereTaTHBHaTa cHna Ha pacTeHHjaTa. Ce cMeTa neKa Her0B0T0 npHcycTB0 bo cnoBeHcKHTe TpanHnHH e nnon Ha BnHjaHHjaTa Ha aHanorHHOT HpaHcKH CeMypr / Ch-Mypr. Bo 0cH0BaTa Ha 300 - ^htomop^hhot H3rnen Ha 0B0j nHK ctoh KOHuenTOT "jpTBa, KaKO HHBecTHUHja 3a 6narococToj6a", Koja Ha nHKOBHO hhbo ce MaHH^ecrapa KaKO TpaHc-^opManHja Ha Ten0T0 Ha OBa khbotho bo pacTeHHe.18
Bo 0B0j KOHTeKcT 6h MOJKen na ce npoTonKyBa eneH HaBHnyM cnynaeH h 3aHe-MapnHB eneMeHT, npHcyTeH Ha enHOTO on npHKaxaHHTe ja3HHH&a - cpneBHnHHOT nHc-
15	OnmTO 3a HeKOH oä HaBe^eHHTe acneKTH Ha kokot: J. Chevalier, A. Gheerbrant, Rječnik ... , 493; 275, 276; fl. HHKO^Hh, Kok ... ; H. leopraeBa, BrnrapcKa ..., 53-56; 3a cpeÄHOBeKOBHH hhkobhh npeTCTaBH Ha KpHnecTHOT kok: H. florneBa - neTKOBa, Mhtcototh^hh ... , 73-81; 3a HaBe^eHHTe HKOHorpa^CKH THnoBH h He6ecKO - conapHHOT KapaKTep Ha kokot: H. HaycH^HC, MHTCKHTe ... , 276-295.
16	OnmTO 3a cHMÖonHKaTa Ha KyqeTO h bojkot: J. Chevalier, A. Gheerbrant, Rječnik ... , 476-480, 771, 772; H . Mapa3OB, Bhähmhst ..., 135-137; 3a jyxH0cn0BeHcKH0T mhtckh nec KapaMaH ara Be36enar, KaKO aHanoroH Ha Kep6ep h lapM: V. Matic, Psihoanaliza ... III, 139.
17	fleTanHO 3a 3Ha^eKeT0 Ha bojkot bo cnoBeHcKHTe ^onKaopHH TpaÄHUHH: CnaBaHcKHe ÄpeBHocTH ..., T.1, 411-418; CpncKH mht. pe^HHK ..., 82-83; H. leopraeBa, BtnrapcKa ..., 48-50, 162, 163. 3a bojkot Boonmro h 0c06eH0 KaKO XHnocTa3a Ha naraHcKHTe xtohckh 6oroBH h ÄeMOHH: B. HajKaHOBHh, O cpncKOM ... , 17-21, 79, 80, 98-102, 147, 148; V. Matic, Zaboravljena ... , 58-95;
18	B. A. Pbi6aK0B, £3. äp. PycH ..., 442,444, 448, 561, 688-723; B. A. Pbi6aK0B, PycanHH ... ; B. A. Pbi6aK0B, £3. Äp. CnaBAH ..., 432-437; H. florneBa - neTKOBa, Mhtcototh^hh ... , 56-64; KOMnapaTHBHH aHanH3H, npHÄpyxeHH co 6amaHcKH npHMepH: H. HaycHÄHc, MHTcKHTe ... , 370-376, 3a amponoMop^HHTe $opMH: 376-380; Ha cTekam-e: M. Wenzel, Ukrasni ..., T.LXXIV.
TIX: 1. ffeman od Mepmepna Komarn, Knexee deop, ffyöpoeHUK, 15. eeK. (V Matte, Zaboravljena ..., sl. 4); 2. Penjefy eo KaMeH, eKcmepuep Ha u,pKeama eo MaHacmupom KaneHuK, 15. eeK, (M. KawaHUH, KaMeHa..., cn.69) ; 3. Momue od UKoHocmac eo dpeopesöa, Ce. MapuHa, "nnoedue, 1854 z. (ff. ffpyMee, A. Bacunee, PesöapcKo ..., 62); 4. Penjefy od KaMeHeH HadzpoöeH cnoMeHuK-"cmehaK", Podgradinje, Hutovo (M. Wenzel, Ukrasni... ,T.LXVI:13).
TecT mothb, npHKaxaH Haa rpöoT oa eaHa ^Hrypa Ha Kyne T.e. BoaK (T.I:3). AHaaorao 3Haneae Moxea aa hoch h pa3peceHHoT (^HTOMop^ranpaH) onam, koj' Ha eaHoTo oa ja3HHHaaTa oa Tiszafüred (T.VI:1,a,6) H3aeryBa oa reHHTaaHaTa 3oHa Ha o6eTe npnKaxaHH xhbothh (rpn^oH h HeonpeaeaeH 3Bep). Ha CHMÖoanHKo hhbo, toj' 6h mo-xea aa ce npoToaKyBa KaKo TpaHcno3HnHja Ha noaoBaTa eHeprHja Ha xHBoTHHTe, bo Be-reTaTHBHa. OaKTOT mTo oBHe eaeMeHTH, HHaKy THnHHHH 3a xToHCKHTe aHKoBH, th HaoraMe Ha TeaoTo Ha tph^ohot, Moxe aa e npoayKT Ha KoHTaMHHauHjaTa Ha nepH^epHHTe aTpH6yra Ha He6ecKHTe h Ha xToHCKHTe 3oomop^hh aHKoBH oa HamHTe npeaMeTH.19 Bo npHaor Ha oBa oaH xtohckoto ToaKyBaae Ha HeonpeaeaeHHoT 3Bep oa HaBeaeHoTo ja3Hne (BHaH ro HaTaMy aeaoT 3a Axaep).
19 fleTaaHo 3a oBoj ^aopaaeH mothb: H. HaycHflHC, MHTCKHTe ... , 370-376.
4. Me^Ka
Ha npHKaxaHHTe ja3HHHaa, MenKaTa Moxe co CHrypHOCT aa ce HaeHTH^HKyBa bo aBe cneHH, o6eTe aTHnnnHH, co BepTHKaaHa opneHTannja bo paMKHTe Ha npe^MeTOT (T.VI:26,3a). Bo aBaTa caynan, KaKo onoHeHT Ha xhbothoto ce jaByBa ^nrypa Ha noBeK, eaHam npnKaxaH bo cToe^Ka no3a, a apyr naT KaKo HaopyxaH KoaaHHK. Ha ja3HneTo oa rpo6oT 1149 oa Tiszafüred (T.VI:3a) He e npHKaxaHa TpeTaTa KaTeropnja ^hkobh, (TpeBojaaHo xhbotho), aoaeKa Ha apyrnoT npnMepoK (T.VI:26), Taa e 3acTaneHa co He-HaeHTH^HKyBaHo TpeBojaaHo xhbotho, nocTaBeHo noa Ho3eTe Ha MenKaTa. 06eTe cne-hh eBonnpaaT cyanp Mery npHKaxaHHTe onoHeHTHTe, bo btophot caynaj HMnannHTHo, a bo npBnoT caynaj eKcnannHTHo, KaKo HHBHa 6op6a "co roan pane". Hoctoh moxhoct h 3aa HeKon apyrn xhbothhckh ^nrypn aa cToeaa napaanmaTa Ha MenKa, KaKo mTo e Ha npnMep, HenaeHTH^HKyBaHaTa aeBa 3ooMop^Ha ^nrypa oa BTopaTa rpyna ja3HHHaa (T.II; T.III; T.IV). Ho, 3a xaa, npeKy HaM aocTanHHTe npHMeponn, oBaa xnnoTe3a He Moxe aa ce noTBpan.
CnTe cnM6oaHHKH 3Haneaa h MHToaomKH ^yHKqHH, HaBeaeHH 3a BoaKoT h KyneTo rn hoch h MenKaTa, mTo bo HajroaeMa Mepa ce aoaxn Ha Hej3HHHoT myMcKH KapaKTep, amponoMop^raoMoT h nepnoan^HnoT npecToj bo TeKoT Ha 3HMaTa bo noa-3eMjeTo. BaKBoTo 3Haneae Ha oBa xhbotho bo caoBeHcKHTe Tpaannnn e ymTe noaKnem TnpaH, npn mTo e jacHo H3pa3eH HeroBHoT KapaKTep Ha 3ooMop$Ha xnnocTa3a Ha caoBeHcKnoT xtohckh 6or (KoHpeTHo Beaec / Boaoc). Bo ^oaKaopoT, oBHe Tpaannnn npeMHHaae Ha KyaToT h npeaaHHjaTa noBp3aHH co HeKoaKy xpHcrajaHcKH cBeTHTean: Cb. Baacnj / Baax, Cb. HnKoaa, Cb. AHapej. Mopa aa ce Haraacn h aMČHBaaeHTHHoT (HeraTHBeH h no3HTHBeH) KapaKTep Ha MenKaTa, mTo ceKaKo ce aoaxn h Ha Hej3HHoTo HeKoramHo noHHTyBaae KaKo xnnocTa3a Ha xtohckhot 6or. OBHe ^aKTH ce jacHo no-TBpaeHH bo HeKoaKy MomHe npoaaa6oneHH HaynHH cTyann, h Toa ToKMy bo oHoj koh-
TeKcT bo Koj oBa xhbotho ro HaoraMe Ha HamHTe ja3HHHaa, a Toa e cyanpoT Ha 6oroBHTe
20
- onoHeHTH bo koj xtohckhot e 3acTaneH ToKMy npeKy MenKaTa.
Bo jyxHocaoBeHcKHTe ycHH Tpaannnn e 3anyBaH aHK koj' rn hoch cHTe o6eaexja Ha mhtckh jyHaK oa THnoT Ha XepaKae, oKpyxeH co HeKoaKy jyHanKH aeaa. Ha HeroBHTe peaanHH co MenKaTa ynaTyBa HeroBoTo HMe (cpncKa ^opMa Me^eaoBHh) h H3raea, koh HocaT eaeMeHTH Ha oBa xhbotho, HacTaHaTH no npHHnnnoT Ha HaeHTH^HKannja co ono-HeHToT. Hpothbhhkot Ha oboj' jyHaK e yHHoT BpKo koj' HMa jacHH o6eaexja Ha caoBeHcKnoT xtohckh 6or. Ho, eaeH oa KaynHHTe noaBH3H Ha oboj' THn jyHaK e 6op6aTa co MenKa, 3a mTo, ocBeH ycHHTe Tpaannnn roBopaT h HeKoaKy aHKoBHH npeTcTaBH.21 Moth-bot Ha 6op6a co MenKa e 3acTaneH Ha cTekqHTe (npHMep: T.IX:4). Ha eKcTepnepoT oa npKBaTa bo MaHacraopT KaaeHHk (Cp6nja, noneTOK Ha 15. BeK), ce hhhh e npeTcTaBeH ToKMy MefteaoBHh, bo 6op6a co MenKa Han caHHHo Ha Hea xhbotho (T.IX:2). CTaHyBa 36op 3a KaMeHeH peaje^ Ha koj' e npeTcTaBeH jyHaK co MenemKH ymn, koj' My ro bpth BpaToT Ha xhbothoto, apxejkn ro 3a BHannHTe. TaKoB mothb HaoraMe h Ha peaje^oT oa
20	BoonmTo 3a Me^KaTa bo caoBeHcKHTe TpaaHnHH: CaaBaHcKaa MH^oaoraa ... , 255-258; H. TeoprHeBa BtarapcKa ... , 50-53; V. Matic, Zaboravljena ... , 183-193; KaKo xHnocTaaa Ha xtohckhot 6or: V. Živančevic, Volos - Veles ... ; B. A. YcneHcKHH, OHaoaorH^ecKHe ... , 85-112; B. A. Pbi6aKoB, .Ha. ap. CaaBaH ..., 421-431; B. A. Pbi6aKoB, .3. ap. PycH ..., 158-163; B. B. HBaHoB, B. H. TonopoB, HccaeaoBaHHa ... , 47, 57-59, 65; 3a MHTcKHTe $opMH bo aHKoBHHoTMeaHyM: H. HaycHanc, MHTcKHTe ..., 384-389.
21	V. Matic, Zaboravljena ... , 96-99 h HaTaMy ao 138; CpncKH mht. petHHK ..., 201; I. Kovačevic, Semiologija ... , 5-28.
eflHa MepMepHa KoH3oja ofl KHexeBHoT flBop bo flyöpoBHHK, (15. BeK) Kafle 6op6aTa MomHe Ha^HKyBa Ha ja3HneTO ofl Tiszafüred (cnopeflH T.VI:3a co T.IX:1). AHajoraa cae-Ha HaoraMe h Ha efleH ejeMeHT ofl 6yrapcKaTa apKoBHa flpBope36a ofl 19. BeK, Kafle mTo jyHaKoT (MycTaK^ecT h 6e3 3oomop^hh o6ejexja) cahhho Ha ohoj' ofl KajeHHk, ro flpxH xhbothoto 3a pa3janeHHTe bhjhuh. Bo cjynajoB, BepojaTHo nofl BjHjaHHe Ha mhtot 3a XepaKje hah CaMcoH, HaMecTo MenKara, KaKo HeroB onoHeHT ce jaByBa jaBoT.22 Mopa fla ce HarjacH fleKa npHMepoT ofl KajeHHk noKaxyBa pejaaHH co ja3HneTo ofl Tiszafüred (cnopefln: T.VI:3a co T.IX:2) h Toa He caMo cnopefl KapaKTepoT Ha jHKoBHTe, TyKy h no HanHHoT Ha npHKaxaHara 6op6a. Bo o6aTa cjynaH, npoTHBHHKoT e nopa3eH TaKa mTo My e H3BpTeH (cKpmeH) BpaToT. OneBHflHo ce pa6oTH 3a cneaH^meH fleTaj koj' noKaxaj H3BoHpeflHa oTnopHocT, HacnpoTH xpoHo^omKHTe h reorpa^cKHTe flHcTaHaH.
Bo HcToHHoc^oBeHcKHTe TpaflHaHH, KaKo npoTHBHHK Ha MenKaTa ce jaByBa noKpoBHTe^oT Ha KykaTa - floMoBoj. XpHcTHjaHH3HpaHHTe MaHH^ecTauHH Ha oBaa 6op6a ce 3anyBaHH h bo 6ajaaaTa (3aroBopbi) co npo^HjaKTHHKa HaMeHa. Bo eflHo TaK-bo 6aeae, "xpa6pHoT Eropej", co cBojoT 3jaTeH cKHnTap h KonjeTo rH yÖHBa h npoTepyBa
23
MeHKHTe H BojEHTe.
MHTcKaTa 6op6a co MenKa, oneBHflHo HMaja apxeTHncKo 3Haneae bo cpeflHoBe-KoBHaTa h noflonHexHa KyjTypa Ha JyxHHTe h HcroHHHTe CjoBeHH. 3a Toa roBopaT 6op6HTe Mery noBeK h MenKa, Hecro opraHH3HpaHH bo HaBefleHHTe cpeflHHH ce flo cpeflH-HaTa Ha oBoj BeK. Hhbhoto 3Haneae Hajflo6po ro noKaxyBaaT öpojHHTe HapoflHH necHH bo koh ce oneBaHH oBHe 6op6H h xpa6pHTe 6opaH, koh ce 3flo6HBaje co enHTeT "öopHMe^Ka".24
5. Ax^ep
nofl KaÖHHeTcKHoT TepMHH 3Mej, Bo MHTcKHTe TpaflHaH ce on^aTeHH pa3HoBHflHH KoMno3HTHH mhtckh cymTecTBa co pa3JHneH KapaKTep h ^yHKqHH. Bo cjynajoB ce onpefle^yBaMe 3a Ha3HBoT Axflep, nofl Koj bo cjoBeHcKHTe TpaflHaHH ce noflpa36Hpa 3Mej co xtohckh h npefl ce HeraTHBeH KapaKTep (MaKefl. Axflep, cpn. Axflaja pyc. H^ep). Ce npHKaxyBa bo BHfl Ha KoMno3HTHa 3ooMop^Ha ^Hrypa bo Koja, noKpaj Bje-KanHTe (3MHja, rymTep) ce BKjyneHH ejeMeHTH Ha pHÖa (KpjymKH, nepKH) aHaa^H (eKcTpeMHTeTH Ha 3Bep), a HeKoram h nTHUH (KpHjja).25 Ce pa6oTH 3a ahk Koj h noKpaj H3BecHH TemKoTHH, cenaK Moxe fla ce HfleHTH^HKyBa Ha TyKa npHKaxaHHTe ja3HHH^a.
KaKo mTo BHfloBMe, Ha ja3HneTo ofl Banbalma-Czebe puszta (T.V:2 a,6), bo aeH-TapoT Ha KoMno3HnHjaTa (npeTcraBeHa Ha o6eTe jHaa Ha ja3HneTo) e npHKaxaHo $aH-TacTHHHo cymTecTBo Koe Moxe fla ce onpeflejH KaKo Axflep. CBHeHoTo nojyKpyxHo Top3o, npeKpHeHo co nojyKpyxHH pacHjeHyBaaa, Moxe fla ce pa36epe KaKo crajraa-
22	3a npHMepHTe ofl OTekaHTe: M. Wenzel, Ukrasni ... , T. LXVI-13; LXXX-1; CIX; ofl KajieHHh: M. KamaHHH, KaMeHa ... , cjj.69 ; ofl flyöpoBHHK: V. Matic, Zaboravljena ... , Sl.4; öyrapcKHoT npHMep: fl. flpyMeB, A. BacHjeB, PeaöapcKo ... , cjj.62.
23	B. B. HBaHoB, B. H. TonopoB, HccaefloBaHHa ... , 58.
24	E. K. TeoflopoB, EopÖHTe ... , 814-828.
25	BoonmTo 3a 3MejoT h HeroBHTe KoHKpeTHH mhtckh $opmh: H. TeopraeBa EurapcKa ... , 79-109; CaaBAHcKHe flpeBHocTH ... T.2, 330-333; CjjaBaHcKaa MH^oaorHa ..., 196-198; 3a H^ep, bo flyxoBHaTa h MarepHjajHaTa KyjTypa Ha HcTo^HHTe CjoBeHH : E. A. PbiöaKoB, -3. flp. PycH ..., 152-155, 202-207, 258, 268-293, 528, 529; E. A. PbiöaKoB, -3. flp. CjjaBaH ..., 422-423; cpeflHoBeKoBHH jhkobhh npeTCTaBH: H. florneBa - neTKoBa, MmonorH^HH ... , 82-95; oKojy npoöjeMoT Ha flH^epeHaHjaaHjara Ha 3MejoT KaKo no3HTHBeH h HeraTHBeH jhk h KaKo mhtcko h peajHo cymTecTBo: H. HaycHflHc, 3Mej ... , 48-57.
nnja Ha TeAo Ha BAeKan hah pn6a, noKpneHO co KpAymKH. npeflHHOT AeA My e bo bha Ha 3Bep (npe^HH HO3e h roAeMa raaBa, noAHraara ymH h pacmHpeHH, no^yKpyxHO CBHeHH ne^ycTH).26 Ha ^ktot AeKa ce pa6oTH 3a ahk co HeraTHBeH KapaKTep yKaxyBaaT cAeAHH-Te e^eMeHTH. napoT crpaHHHHH jaBa^H (koh noAoAy rH HAeHTH^HKyBaMe KaKo 3acTan-hhuh Ha no3HTHBHHoT He6ecKH npHHnHn), cBoeTo opyxje ro ynaTyBaaT koh oboj' ahk, npH mTo toj', co cBoHTe menH h MyqKaTa, nocerayBa T.e. ro Hanara eAHHoT oa hhb. BaKBHoT H3raeA, bo KoHTeKcT Ha Te3HTe h ^aKTHTe HcKaxaHH 3a bojkot h KyneTo ro-BopaT 3a npHcycTBoTo Ha peAanHjaTa "MumcKO Kyne m.e. MumcKU boak = arndep m.e. xmon-cku 3Mej", Ha npHKaxaHHTe ja3HHHaa. Bo toj' KoHTeKcT, opHaMeHTaAHHoT mothb co ^AopaAHa 6op^ypa Ha cpeAHHaTa, npHKaxaH Ha 3aAHHoT AeA oa top3oto Ha oboj' ahk, 6h mo^ba Aa ce npoToAKyBa co Beke eAa6opHpaHHoT mothb "TpaHc^opManHja Ha xhbot-hoto bo pacTeHHe".
KfleHTH^HKanHjaTa Ha oboJ' mothb, h nomHpoKo Ha KapaKTepoT Ha oBaa ^Hrypa, na h ne^aTa KoMno3HnHja ja oBo3MoxyBa eAeH THn mhtcko chxs THnHHHo 3a jyxHo-cAoBeHcKHTe ^oakaophh TpaAHnH. Bo Hero e npHKaxaHa 6op6aTa Mery ahkobh co KapaKTep Ha jyHanH, co A^AepoT KaKo npeTcaTaBHHK Ha HeraTHBHoTo HaneAo. JyHanHTe ce 3acTaneHH co cAeAHHTe ahkobh: - 6paka 6AH3HanH; - eAeH jyHaK (co KapaKTep Ha 3Mej co no3HTHBeH npeA3HaK); - cBeTHoT bohh Cb. Teopraj. HeraTHBHHoT T.e. xtohckh ahk e 3acTaneH co AaMja bo pa3HH BapHjaHTH (cypa AaMja, xaAa, co tph rAaBH, noHcroBeTeHa co MarAa ...). OTKaKo jyHaKoT hah jyHanHTe ke ja nocenaT, oa Hea HcTeKyBaaT "tph peKH", bo koh ce KoMČHHHpaaT TpH oa eAeMeHTHTe mTo bo HapoAHaTa cHM6oAHKa ro HocaT 3HaneaeTo Ha 6oraTCTBo, H3o6HAHe h 6AarococToj6a (MAeKo, nneHHna / xhto, bhho, MeA, MacAo). Mothbot Ha pacTeHHja (KoHKpeTHo xhthh KAacja) mTo pacTaT oa TeAoTo Ha no6eAeHHoT xtohckh AxAep, HajeKcnAHnmmo ja npe3eHTHpa eAHa cpeAHoBeKoBHa yrpo - ^HHcKa anAHKanHja ( T.VII:13).27
KaKo mTo rAeAaMe, co oBa mhtcko chxs HAeaAHo ce noKAonyBa cneHaTa oa Hame-to ja3Hne. OcBeH cypaTa AaMja (ečhtpbahhot nyAoBHmeH ahk), TyKa ce h ABajnaTa jyHanH - 6AH3HanH koh ce 6opaT co Hea (cTpaHHHHH KoaaHHnH co opyxje HaconeHo koh HyAoBHmTeTo). 3aAHHoT AeA Ha A^AepoT, npHKaxaH KaKo cHon oa ahhhh co 6HAKa bo neHTapoT, 6h MoxeA Aa ce npoToAKyBa co TpHTe peKH koh HcTeKyBaT oa noceneHaTa AaMja, h Toa: - nempaAHHoT ^AopaAeH mothb, KaKo "xhto" / "nneHHna", a cTpaHHHHHTe BepTHKaAHH 6opAypH KaKo cTpyH oa ApyrHTe TenHH eAeMeHTH (MeA h MAeKo, bhho hah MacAo).28 napoT ph6h npHKaxaHH bo MaAoTo noAe Ha ja3HneTo 6h MoxeAe Aa ce c^aTaT KaKo 3oomop^hh KAacH^HKaTopH Ha npocTopoT bo koj' ce oABHBa cneHaTa. Toa ce xToHcKHTe npeAeAH bo koh npecTojyBa HyAoBHmHaTa AaMja h bo koj' ce oABHBa 6op6Bara co Hea (pH6a = BoAa = xtohcko).
JyHanHTe oa oBaa cneHa He jaBaaT Ha ko^h, TyKy Ha HeKaKBH xhbothh co o6e-Aexja Ha 3Bep, AonoAHeTH AypH h co amponoMop^Ho AHne (bhah AeTaA: T.VII:8). CTaHyBa 36op 3a mothb koj' ce jaByBa h Ha ApyrH ja3HHHaa, bo $yHK^ja Ha onoHeHTH Ha rpH^oHoT T.e. KpHAecTHoT ko& (T.VI: 1,a,6; AeTaAH: T.VII:4,5). 3acraneH e h Ha noH-
26	HajcooflBeTHa h xpoHoAomKH Haj6AHcKa napaAeAa Ha oBaa $Hrypa e ceKaKo eAHaTa oa naotKHTe oa BeAecTHHo, TecaAHja (cnopeAH: co T.VII:14).
27	3a oBHe mhtckh $opMH: H. TeopraeBa EtArapcKa ... , 90; 3a yrpo$HHcKaTa anAHKa^ja: H. HaycHflHc, MHTcKHTe ... , T.LXXXVII-8.
28	3a mothbot Ha pacTeHHja (KoHKpeTHo xhthh KAacja) mTo pacTaT oa TeAoTo Ha no6eaeHHoT xtohckh ahk (aooMop^eH hah aHTponoMop^eH): H. HaycHflHc, MHTcKHTe ... , 370-380, 386-389.
HaKBH, ho cHHxpoHH npeaMeTH oa hcthob reorpa^cKH apeaa: - nojacHOTO ja3HHe oa noxopxeaHye (aeTaa: T.VII:11); - mothbot Ha cpeöpeHHOT caa oa Har - CeHT - MHKaom (T.VII:12 ). HamHTe nopaHemHH HcTpaxyBaaa, aeayMHO npHKaxaHH noaoay, noKaxy-BaaT aeKa OBoj eaeMeHT oa HamaTa cyeHa, bo Maao ja noBTopyBa Hej3HHaTa cymTHHa: -jaBaHHOT 3Bep rH noceayBa cHTe oöeaexja Ha 300 - amponoMop^HaTa enH^aHHja Ha xtohckhot mhtckh aHK; - ^yHKyHjaTa "jaBaae Bp3 Hero" hoch 3HaHeae Ha HeroBO no6e-ayBaae, noTHHHyBaae; - amponoMop^HHOT aHK Ha jaBaHOT rH 3acTanyBa KaTeropHHTe H MHTcKHTe aHKOBH nOBp3aHH cO HeÖOTO H nO3HTHBHOTO HaHeaO. Co oraea Ha BaKBHOT oaHoc, jaBaHHTe npHKaxaHH Ha ja3HHeTO oa Banbalma-Czebe puszta MoxeMe aa rH HaeH-TH^HKyBaMe co KaTeropHjaTa 3Mej - enHTeT Koj hcto TaKa ce jaByBa bo HaBeaeHHTe $oa-KaOpHH mhtckh ^OpMH, a BO jyxHOcaOBeHcKHTe TpaaHyHH O3HaHyBa HOBeK KOj co noMom Ha cBOHTe HaTnpHpoaHH cnocoÖHocTH (ayxoBHH h ^h3hhkh) ce 6opH npoTHB npHpoaHHTe cthxhh h apyrH HeraTHBHH ^aKTopH.29
OcTaHyBa HepemeHO 3HaHeaeTO Ha yempaaHHOT mothb oa HamaTa cyeHa, nocTaBeH bo caMHOT yeHTap, npea ^HrypaTa Ha AxaepoT.30 Ako ce coraacHMe co aoce-ramHHTe 3aKayHoyH cnopea koh napoT cTpaHHHHH jaBaHH ce 3acTanHHyH Ha no3HTHB-HOTO HaHeao, a yempaaHOTO HyaoBHmTe - Ha HeraTHBHOTO, npoH3aeryBa 3aKayHOKOT aeKa npeaMeTOT T.e. npHHHHaTa Ha OBoj cyaHp, Ha caHKaBa He e npeTcTaBeHa. Bo Toj koh-TeKcT HaBeayBaMe eaHO HaBHcTHHa xHn0TeTHHH0 MHcaeae, cnopea Koe HaBeaeHHOB mothb npHKaxyBaa chaho cxeMaTH3HpaHa (MoxeÖH h coceM aeMHTH3HpaHa) ^Hrypa Ha xeHa, co H3aoaxeHO T0p30 (MoxeÖH oöaeHeHa bo 3aoaHHmTe), noayKpyxHO H3BHeHH paye nocTaBeHH Ha noaoBHHaTa h KpHaa Haa paMeaaTa. floKoaKy hh3 apyrH npHMepH öh ce aoKaxaaa BaKBaTa xHnoTe3a, OBaa ^Hrypa 6h Moxeaa aa ro noHece enHTeTOT Ha deeojrn zpaônama odAmdepom. 3acera, Toa ke e eaHHcTBeH noTeHyHjaaeH amponoMop^eH aHaaoroH Ha KaTeropHjaTa zpaônamu mpeeojadnu wueomnu oa HamHTe ja3HHHaa mTO, Mopa aa ce npH3Hae, bo cayHajoB öh ÖHao bo KopeaayHja co amponoMO^HHOT H3raea Ha
31
jaBaHHTe, KaKO penpe3eHTH Ha n03HTHBH0T0 HaHeao.31
3aKayHoyHTe oa aHaaraara Ha cyeHaTa, npHKaxaHa Ha ja3HHeTO oa Banbalma-Czebe puszta h 0c0ÖeH0 oöeaexjaTa Ha ^HrypaTa Ha npHKaxaHHOT Axaep, 0B03M0xy-BaaT HaeHTH^HKayHja Ha ymTe eaeH aHaaoreH aHK Ha nojacHHTe ja3HHHaa. CTaHyBa 3Öop 3a HeonpeaeaeHHOT 3Bep, npeTcTaBeH Ha oöeTe aHya Ha ja3HHeTO oa Tiszafüred (T.VI:1,a,ö). HeKoaKy apryMeHTH He HaBeayBaaT koh cTaBOT aeKa h Toj ro 3acTanyBaa xtohckhot onoHeHT, npeTcTaBeH bo BHa Ha Axaep, HaH noTOHHO, HeKoja HeroBa BapHjaHTa noöaHcKa ao H3raeaoT Ha BoaK T.e. KyHe. npBHOT apryMeHT e H3raeaoT Ha HeroBaTa MyyKa, Koja co cBOHTe noayKpyxHH OTBopeHH BHaHyH noKaxyBa jacHH cpoaHocTH co axaepoT oa npeTxoaHO eaaöopHpaHOTO ja3HHe (cnopeaH: T.V:2 a,ö co T.VI:1,a,ö). BTopHOT ^aKT e npeTxoaHO 0ÖpaÖ0TeHH0T $aopaaH3HpaH onam mTO H3ae-ryBa oa npeaeaoT Ha reHHTaaHHTe Ha OBaa ^Hrypa. TpeTHOT h ceKaKO HajcHaeH apryMeHT e oaHocoT bo öopöa Mery OBa xhbotho h yempaaHO npHKaxaHHOT aHK Ha öpaaecT
29	3a OBaa KaxeropHja 3MejoBH: H. HaycH^Hc, 3Mej ... , 48-57.
30	He HH ce HHHH BepojaxHO xoanKyBaaexo cnopea Koe ce paöoxH 3a npeTcxaBa Ha ranaBa oä anHajaK, bo ^yHKyHja Ha xoxeMcKH 3HaK (J. KoBaHeBHh, ABapcKH ... , 176).
31	CaHKH co OBHe xpH aHKOBH ce cpekaBaax Ha cxekyHxe. CTaHyBa 360p 3a cHMexpHHHH penje^HH K0Mn03HyHH co yeHxpaaHa xeHcKa ^Hrypa, ^naHKHpaHa co aBa KoaaHHKa hjih co Axaep oä e^Haxa h KoaaHHK oä Äpyraxa cxpaHa (bhäh xyKa: T.VIII:4). flpyrH npHMepH: M. Wenzel, Ukrasni ..., T.C-10; T.LXXVI-8 (HanaÄ Ha Ax^ep Bp3 xeHcKa ^Hrypa).
HOBeK. Oboj' eaeMeHT, bo kohtckct Ha apyrHTe npHKa^aHH npHMepn n0BaeKyBa tph moxhh ToaKyBaaa oa koh, cnopea aBe, HeHaeHTH^HKyBaH0T0 xhbotho ro ao6rna 3HaneaeTO Ha xtohckhot aHK:
-	npBO TOJKyBaae: - 6op6a Mežy epu$omm u xmoncKomo Mueomno nopadu u^enmpaAHO nocmaeenuom mum. OBa T0aKyBaae ce 6a3Hpa Bp3 pacnopeaoT Ha aHKOBHTe, THnHHeH 3a npHKa^aHHTe ja3HHH^a. Cnopea Hero, HOBeKOT Ha cpeaHHaTa e nacueen auk, 0K0ay koj' ce oaBHBa 6op6aTa Mery rpH^OHOT h xtohckhot jhk (3acTaneH co ano-CTpo^HpaHOTO Heonpeaeaero xhbotho). Oboj' 0aH0C He hh ce hhhh BepojaTeH nopaaH oneBHflHaTa HenacHBHOCT Ha ^HrypaTa, KaKO h ^ktot mTO 3a BaKBOTO aejcrao He mo-
32
xeMe aa HajaeMe cooaBerao noKpHTHe bo KOMnapaTHBHHOT MHToaomKH MaTepHjaa.
-	Btopo TOJKyBaae: - xmoHCKuom 6oe npumMaH kuko 6padecm mum ce 6opu 3a ceojom doSumoK (Heonpedeaem MueomHo) co epu$omm kuko 300M0p$eH 3acmaneHuK Ha HeSomo. H OBa T0aKyBaae e MaaKy BepojaTHO 6Haejkn HeonpeaeaeHOTO xhbotho noce-ayBa OHeBHaHH o6eaexja Ha 3Bep, nopaaH mTO, Toa He MO^e aa 6Hae aHaaoroH Ha roBe-aoTO, eaeHOT h ko^ot, na 0TTyKa hh 3acTanHHK Ha 3HaneaeT0 "ao6HT0K" h "cTaao". Bo eaHa BaKa npeTnocTaBeHa KOHCTeaanHja, o6aTa onoHeHTH 6h 6Hae CTpyKTypHpaHH Ha HCTaTa CTpaHa oa cneHaTa, nocTaBeHH napaaeaHO eaeH Ha apyr, co mTO 6h ce HapymHaa ayaaHaTa CHMeTpHja, ToaKy cnenH^HHHa 3a CHTe 0CTaHaTH npHMepH.
-	TpeTO TOJKyBaae: - HeSecKuom 6oe eo npudpyw6a Ha epu$omm kuko ceoja 300-Mop$eH npudpyMHuK m.e. cyncmumym, ce 6opu co 300M0p$H0m0 xm0HcK0 cywmecmeo. OaKTOT mTO Ha caHKaTa, bo aKTHBHa n03HnHja ce Haora m&x:ot (ro ap^H xhbothoto bo 6opeHKH 3a^aT) ja npaBH noBepojaTHa OBaa npeTnocTaBKa, cnopea Koja h HOBeKOT h rpH^OHOT ce He6ecKH 3acranHHnH h 6opnH co xtohckhot aHK. Cnopea OBa T0aKyBaae, npoH3aeryBa aeKa TpeB0jaaH0T0 xhbotho KaKO penpe3eHT Ha ao6HT0K0T, Ha caHKaBa e H30CTaBeH0.
CMeTaMe aeKa A^aepoT 6Ha npHKa^aH h Ha btopoto ja3HHe oa Tiszafured (T.I:2). EBHaeHTHaTa CHMeTpHHHOCT Ha OBaa cneHa, jacHaTa HaeHTH^HKauHja Ha TpeB0jaaH0 xhbotho Ha cpeaHHaTa h rpH^OH oa aeBaTa CTpaHa HeaB0j6eH0 yKa^yBaaT Ha Toa aeKa aecHHOT aHK hoch xtohckh KapaKTep. ^a noTceTHMe: - npHKa^aH e co Teao Ha 3Bep, noc-TaBeHO Ha KpaTKH h jaKH H03e, co CHaHO HaraaceHH KaHyH h KpHao bo npeaHHOT aea oa T0p30T0; - raaBaTa My e npHKa^aHa co roaeMH ymH HaH poroBH h H3aoaxeHa MyqKa, MomHe 6aHCKa Ha rpH^OHOT.33 Mopa aa ce 3a6eaexH aeKa h noKpaj OBaa caHHHOCT, ce pa60TH 3a ^Hrypa co o6eaexja, cnenH^HHHH bo 0aH0C Ha rpH^OHOT. Bp3 0CH0Ba Ha OBHe ^aKTH, h oboj' aHK MO^eMe aa ro HapeHeMe A^aep, npH mTO 6h Mopaae aa ja HCTaK-HeMe HeroBaTa noroaeMa SaHCKOT co apyrH0T npHMep oa Tiszafured, 0TK0aKy co ohoj' oa Banbalma-Czebe puszta, 0aH0CH0 noroaeMa aKueHTHpaHOCT Ha eaeMeHTHTe Ha 3Bep0BHTe (KyHe / BoaK) 0TK0aKy Ha BaeKaHHTe (3MHja / rymTep) (cnopeaH: T.I:2 co T.V:2,a,6 h co T.VI: 1,a,6).
32	Ce npamyBaMe, co mTO 6h M0xeaa aa 6Hae MOTHBHpaHa 6op6aTa Mery onoHeHTHTe 0K0ay jhkot Ha eaeH 6paaecT Max?
33	OBaa CaHHHOCT OHeBHaHO aoara KaKO KOHTaMHHauHja oa eaeH apyr THn cueHH Ha BaKBHTe ja3HHHK.a bo koh ueHTpaaHOTO xhbotho e ^aaHKHpaHO oa aBa CHMeTpHHHO nocTaBeHH rpH^OHa (cnopeaH co T.I:1).
6. ^OÖHTOK (TpeBojaflHH MHBOTHH) a) roeedu / Kpaea
Bo HajroaeMHOT aea oa TyKa npHKaxaHHTe cneHH, ueHTpaaHoTo MecTO ro 3a3eMa TpeBoja^HO xhbotho, h Toa: roBeao (KpaBa, öhk, Boa ?), eaeH / cpHa, ko& / Ma3ra h He-HaeHTH^HKyBaHo TpeBojaaHo xhbotho. Ee3 pa3aHKa Ha Toa mTo CHBe oBHe xhbothh HMaaT H3BoHpeaHo mnpoK anjana3oH Ha cHMöoaHHKH 3Haneaa, bo oBaa npnroaa hhb MoxeMe bo roaeMa Mepa aa rn cTecHHMe h KoHKpeTH3npaMe. Toa hh ro oBo3MoxyBa ^aK-tot mTo bo CHTe BapnjaHTH Ha HamaTa cneHa, oBHe xhbothh ro HocaT KapaKTepoT Ha nacuenu oôjeKmu koh ro TpnaT aejcTBHero Ha crpaHHHHHTe aBa aHKa. OTTyKa, bo koh-TeKCT Ha norope rapeneHHTe ^aKTH, cnBe oBHe xhbothh, 6e3 pa3aHKa Ha KoHKpeTHnoT Bna Ha Koj npnnaraaT, MoxeMe aa rn onpeaeaHMe KaKo cum6om da doôumoKom, penpesenmu na cmadomo m.e. Kpdomo (zoeeda/Kpaeu, Komu/Maszu, enenu /cpnu) oKony Koe ce eodu cydupom na MumcKume nuKoeu - ononenmu.
Bo HHaoeBponcKHTe MHToaorHH, ToKMy KpaxöaTa Ha äoöhtokot e necra npHHHHa 3a cyanpoT Mery öoroBHTe h MHTcKHTe aHKoBH. TaKa, npHHHHa 3a eaHaTa oa neHTpaaHHTe enraoan bo Pnr - BeaaTa, öHTKaTa Mery HHapa h Bpnrpa Han öancKHoT T.e. aHaaoreH Ha Hero Baaa e ToKMy KpaxöaTa Ha KpaBHTe h hhbhoto 3aTBopaae bo nem-Tepa. Pa3BpcKaTa Ha oBa aejcrane ce coctoh bo pymeaeTo Ha nemTepaTa, ocaoöoayBa-aeTO Ha KpaBHTe h yöHBaaero Ha Baaa (cHTe aejcTBHja H3BeaeHH oa CTpaHa Ha HHapa). KaKo pe3yaTaT Ha oBaa pa3BpcKa, aoara ao eaHMHHannja Ha TeMHHHaTa, rarpeBaae Ha öoxHTOTa Ymam (3opa) h npoTeKyBaaeTO Ha HeöecKHTe boäh.34 Bo pa3HH aeaoBH, BapnjaHTH h hhb o a Ha HHraae Ha oboj' mht, KpaBHTe HocaT HeKoaKy 3Haneaa. Ha KocMoaomKo hhbo THe ce penpe3eHTH Ha HeöecKaTa CBeTaHHa, HeöecKHTe boäh h BepojaTHo naoaHocTa h onmTaTa öaarococrojöa, mTo aoaraaT KaKo nocaeanna Ha npncycTBoTo Ha oBHe kocmhhkh eaeMeHTH. OTyKa, xpTByBaaeTo Ha KpaBHTe, Koe bo mh-tot e HMnannHTHo KoHoTHpaHo, ro HMa 3HaneaeTo Ha hhbho xpTByBaae nopaan onmTa öaarococrojöa.35
OBa cnxe ce 3anyBaao h bo ^oaKaoTOT Ha CaoBeHu^re, bo $opMa Ha npeaaHHe noBp3aHo co TpoT T.e. TpyT - chh Ha HeöoTo h 3eMjaTa, koj' co KaMeHeH neKaH ja pa3öHBa KapnaTa (no mTo, oa Hea noTeKyBaaT BoanTe Ha HeöecKHoT oKeaH), nan naK rn ocaoöo-ayBa HeöecKHTe KpaBH oa eaHa nemTepa. EaeH oa Hajcraprn-e jyxHocaoBeHcKH npHMepn Ha oBa mhtcko cnxe e ceKaKo ohoj', 3annmaH bo eaHaTa oa ayöpoBHHHKHTe xpohhkh. Ce paöoTH 3a aoKaaHo npeaaHHe bo Koe Cb. HaapnoH ro noöeayBa orpoMHHoT axaep no HMe Eoac koj' roaTaa BoaoBH cToKa h aena.36
Oboj' mht Moxe aa ce 3eMe KaKo anpeKTHa npeaaomKa Ha HeKoaKyTe KoMno3Hnnn oa npBaTa rpyna ja3HHHHaa, Kaae Mery ^nrypHTe Ha rpn^oroT (xnnocTa3a Ha Heöec-
34	BoonmTo 3a BaKBHTe mhtckh cHxea: H. Mapa3oB, MHTonoraa..., npHMepH h öHönHorpa^Hja, 130, 131; 3a oBoj mothb bo PHr-BeaaTa: E. H. OrHöeHHH, CTpyKTypa ..., 72-74; M. Ježic, R'gvedski ... , 81-85 h HaTaMy (aeTaaHo, bhäh HHaeKc, noa krave).
35	3a HeKoH oä HaBeaeHHTe 3HateK.a Ha KpaBaTa bo PHr - BeaaTa: B. B. HBaHoB, B. H. TonopoB, Hccne^oBaHHa ... , 40-45, Taöeaaa Ha cTp. 139; onmTo 3a cHMöonHKaTa Ha oBHe xhbothh: J. Chevalier, A. Gheerbrant, Rječnik ... , 303; bo caaoBeHcKHoT ^onKaop: H. leopraeBa, EtnrapcKa ..., 24-26 h HaTaMy; CnaBaHcKHe apeBHocTH ..., 608, 609; B. B. HBaHoB, B. H. TonopoB, Hccne^oBaHHa ... 234, 235, 238, 255-257.
36	üpe^aHHeTo 3a TpoT e cnopeÄ M. EyÄHMHp (Ca caaoBeHcKor ..., 6), UHTHpaHo cnopeÄ Op. PaMoBm (Der steinerne Himmel - bei den Slaven, Arch. f. Slav. Phil, 36, 457); 3a ÄyöpoBHH^KoTo npeaaHHe: V. Matic, Psihoanaliza ... , 55, 56.
KHOT 6or) h bojkot (xHnocTa3a Ha XTOHCKHOT 6or) ce Haora jacHO npHKaxaHa ^nrypa Ha roBeflo (T.I:4-7, Moxe6H h 2). OBa xhbotho e 3acTaneHo h Ha o6eTe aHna ofl nao^KaTa ofl Tisavarkonj (T.V:1,a,6), Ha koh He6ecKHoT 6or e npeTCTaBeH npeKy rpH^oH T.e. KpHaecT Koa, flofleKa xtohckhot 6or - KaKo 3ooamponoMop^Ho cymTecTBo co Teao Ha 3Bep h raaBa co aarponoMop^HH o6eaexja (noBe^Ko aHne co MycTakH h 6pafla).
OBaa pHrBeflcKo - mhohcko - caoBeHcKa napaaeaa, Ha hctophcko hhbo Moxe fla ce onpaBfla Ha HeKoaKy HanHHH:
-	KaKo mhhhoct 6a3HpaHa Bp3 3aeflHHHKHTe HHfloeBponcKH KopeHH Ha tbophhtc Ha PHr - BeflaTa, Ha HaBefleHHoT caoBeHcKH mht h Ha HocHreaare Ha npHKaxaHare ja3HHHaa (ApHjHH, Crapo6MKaHHH, CaoBeHH ... ?);
-	KaKo mhhhoct 6a3HpaHa Bp3 3aeflHHHKoro hhao - HpaHcKo jaflpo Ha TBopnare Ha PHr - BeflaTa h npefl - aBapcKHTe xareaH Ha naHoHHja (Moxe6H CapMaTH).
TparHTe Ha oboj' npacTap mht ce coflpxaHH h bo eflHHoT ofl noflBH3HTe Ha XepaKae. CTaHyBa 36op 3a noflBHroT npH Koj, oboj' jyHaK ro ycrpeayBa TepHoH h rH 3eMa ofl Hero yKpafleHHTe KpaBH. OneBHflHo e fleKa bo ^hkot Ha XepaKae e HHKapHHpeH HeKoramHHoT jyHaK - penpe3eHT Ha He6ecKoTo Haneao, flofleKa HeroBHoT onoHeHT TepHoH rH coflpxH cHTe THnHHHH eaeMeam Ha eflHo 3oo - aHTponoMop^Ho xtohcko 6oxecTBo (TpH raaBH h TpH 6hcth, cnoeHH bo 3aeflHHHKo Teao bo o6aHK Ha 3MHja; nyfloBHmHo Kyne KaKo npHflpyxHHK). Bo rpnKaTa MaroaorHja HMa ymTe eflHo mhhho caxe, noBp3aHo co efleH npeflHMHo He6eceH h efleH npeflHMHo xtohckh 6or. CTaHyBa 36op 3a Kpax6aTa Ha ano-aoHoBHTe 6hkobh ofl cTpaHa Ha XepMec.37
6) Kon / Ma32a
HHTy Ha eflHo ofl HamHTe ja3HHHaa, He e co cHrypHocT noTBpfleHo npHcycTBoTo Ha KoaoT T.e. Ma3raTa bo nearpaaHaTa no3HHHja Ha cneHaTa, 6e3 pa3aHKa Ha Toa mTo HajMMKy bo flBa caynaH ja npeTnocraBHBMe BaKBaTa HfleHTH^HKanHja (T.I:2; T.II: 1, Moxe6H h T.III:3-5). npamaaeTo 3a 3Haneaero Ha eBearyaaHoTo npHcycTBo Ha oBa xh-botho ce cBeflyBa Ha oHa mTo ro HcKaxaBMe 3a KpaBaTa, h Toa bo KoHTeKcT Ha npHnaflHocTa Ha flBaTa BHfla Ha KaTeropHjaTa flo6HToK (= 6oraTcTBo, H3o6HaHe). Moxho e npHMeponHTe co KoaoT fla oflpa3yBaaT floMHHanHja Ha HoMaflcKHTe Bep3HH Ha oboj' mht, 6a3HpaHH Bp3 peaaHaTa cTonaHcKa ocHoBa Ha Kyarypare co TaKBa er3HCTeHHHjaaHa 6a3a. AHaaorHH Ha eBearyaaHa BaKBa cneHa HaoraMe Ha cTekqare ( T.VIII:1), Ha koh e eBHfleHTHpaHa cneHa hhj' nearap ro 3a^aka ^Hrypa Ha Koa; floay h flecHo ofl Hero e npHKaxaHo cymTecTBo bo bha Ha 3MHja T.e. rymTep (= Axaep), flofleKa aeBo h rope ofl Hero - Hefle^HHHpaHo xhbhtho Koe hoch o6eaexja Ha ^amracTHHeH Koa h rpH^oa38 Ha oBaa caHKa jacHo ce caeflH MemaaeTo Ha BepTHKaaHHoT h xopH3oHTaaeH KoHnear Ha opraHH3aHHja Ha ^Hrypare bo npocropoT.
e) Eaen / cpna
HajMaaKy Ha tph ja3HHHaa, cpeflHmHoTo MecTo bo cneHaTa ro 3a$aka eaeH T.e. cpHa. Bo npBHoT caynaj e ^aaHKHpaH ofl rpH^oH h Kyne T.e. BoaK (T.I:3), a bo flpyrHTe flBa (T.II:2,3), ofl flBe HeonpefleaeHH xhbothhckh ^HrypH (BepojaTHo ofl aeBaTa cTpaHa rpH^oH, a ofl flecHaTa - xhbotho HaaHK Ha BoaK T.e. Kyne). OneBHflHo e fleKa h Ha oBHe
37	3a oBoj XepaKaoB noflBHr: Mh$h ... H, 279, 3a lepnoH: 283, 284; HeKoH acneKTH ofl npHKaxaHoTo mhtcko cHxe 3a AnoaoH h XepMec: H. Mapa3oB, Mmonorna..., 130.
38	M. Wenzel, Ukrasni ... , T.LXXVI-6.
ja3HHHaa, khbothobo ce jaByBa bo HcTaTa $yHK^ja KaKO h KpaBaTa. OcHOBHaTa pa3nH-Ka mTO ro nH^epeHnHpa bo onHoc Ha r0Ben0T0 h eBeHTyanH0 ko^ot - npHnanHocTa Ha eneHTO T.e. cpHaTa bo c^epaTa Ha nHBHTe, a He Ha nHTOMHTe khbothh.
Ce pa36Hpa neKa bo 3eMjonencKHTe KynTypH on yMepeHaTa KnHMaTcKa 30Ha bo oboj' nepHon He MOKaT na ce oneKyBaT mhtckh cHKea bo koh 6h ce nojaBHna Kpax6a Ha Kpno eneHH HnH cpHH.39 OTTyKa, bo OBaa KaTeropHja mhtobh, eneHOT h cpHaTa ce jaByBaaT no-enHHe^HO. TaKa, bo jyKHocnoBeHcKaTa HaponHa enHKa ce cpekaBa nejcTBHe bo Koe ene-hot e ronTHaT on cTpaHa Ha nyn0BHmHa 3MHja (HeKoram TpornaBa), npH mTO, khbothoto ke 6Hne 0cn060neH0 on noBenoT HnHja. H TyKa ce conpxaHH KocMonomKHTe o6enexja Ha nBaTa onoHeHTH. O6nHK0T Ha xtohckhot nHK e HanBop on ceKoja nHcKycHja. .HoBenoT naK ro hoch HMeTO Ha xpHcTHjaHcKH0T cBeTHTen (Cb. HnHja) Koj bo MH0ry HcTpaxyBaaa e noTBpneH KaKO HacnenHHK Ha naraH0cn0BeHcKH0T 6or - 3acTanHHK Ha rp0M0T h n0mHp0K0 Ha He6ecKHTe c^epa.40 Mothbot Ha eneH T.e. cpHa, ^naHKHpaH on roneMO ^aHTacTHHHO cymTecTB0 hmhk Ha ko& T.e. rpH^OH h npyro noMano kkhbotho HanHK Ha Kyne h BonK, ro HaoraMe h Ha cTekaHTe (cnopenH: T.I:3 h T.II:2,3; T.III co T.VIII:2 ).41
7. 3Bep co aHTponoMop^Ha rjaBa
OBoj 300 - aHTponoMop^eH nHK, e 3acTaneH Ha nBe on npHKaxaHHTe ja3HHH^a h Toa, Ha o6eTe nHna Ha ja3HneT0 on Tisavarkonj (T.V:1, a,6; neTanH: T.VII:4,5) h bo nap, Ha ja3HneT0 on Banbalma-Czebepuszta (T.V:2,a,6; neTan: T.VII:8). Bp3 0cH0Ba Ha n03HnHjaTa Ha 0B0j nHK bo cneHaTa, Her0BH0T onHoc co npyrHTe nHKOBH h o6enexjaTa Ha caMaTa ^h-rypa, MOKeMe na 3axnyHHMe neKa ce pa60TH 3a nHK co xtohcko 3Haneae h cyncTHTyT Ha B0nK0T, MenKaTa, AjnepoT h Hene^HHHpaHHOT 3Bep, Ha necHaTa cTpaHa on cneHaTa npHKaKaHa Ha BTopaTa rpyna ja3HHH^a (BepojaTHO n0BT0pH0 Kyne T.e. BonK).42 KaKO 3a-ce6Ha ^Hrypa, HnH co npHcycTB0 Ha jaBan, ce jaByBa Ha npyrH BapHjaHTH on BaKBH nojacHH ja3HHH^a, ho h Ha npyrH BHnoBH npenMeTH on OBoj nepHon. Bo OBaa cMHcna, 0c06eH0 BHHMaHHe 3acnyxyBaaT tph napanenH: - ja3HneT0 on noxopxenHne (T.VII:11); -penje^HHOT mothb on eneH cpe6peH can on Har - CeHT - MHKnom, Kane mTO jaBanoT e OHeBHnHO npHKaKaH bo 6op6a co ymTe eneH 300M0p^eH onoHeHT bo o6nHK Ha Kyne T.e. BonK (T.VIL12);43 - enHa MeTanHa nnoHKa on BenecTHHO bo TecanHja (T.VII:2). TpaeaeTO Ha 0B0j nHK ro cnenHMe on MeconoTaMHja h KynTypaTa Ha npHnpH0M0pcKHTe CapMaTH (T.VII:7,10) npeKy paHHOT, h nonHHOT cpeneH BeK (T.VII:9,6,3) ce no c0BpeMeHH0T cno-BeHcKH ^onKnop (T.VII:1). HamHTe npeTxonHH aHanH3H Ha OBHe mhtckh ^HrypH yKa-
39	Ho MOKe na ce oqeKyBa on HeKOH nonyna^H, noceneHH bo naHOHHja on HOTO^HHTe h ceBepHHTe nenoBH Ha EBpona h on AaHja.
40	3a HaBeneHHOT npHMep: H. TeopraeBa, BtnrapcKa ..., 41. 3a cn0BeHcKH0T rp0M0BHHK h Cb. HnHja KaKO HeroB cyncTHTyT roBopaT 6pojHH $aKTH ny6nHKyBaHH bo MH0mTB0 crynHH (3a OBHe $aKTH h coonBeTHara nHTeparypa, bhah: H. HaycHflHc, MHTcKHTe ... , 402-445).
41	M. Wenzel, Ukrasni ..., T.LXXV-3.
42	OBHe 3aKnyqo^ ce 6a3HpaaT h Bp3 HamHTe nopaHe mHH HcTpaxyBaK.a Ha 0B0j hhk (bhah: H. HaycHflHc, flax6or ... , 36-39; H. HaycHflHc, npeTcTaBHTe ... , 60-63; H. HaycHflHc, MHTcKHTe ... , 382-388; npyrH cpenHOBeKOBHH npHMepH Ha hhk co OBHe o6enexja: H. florneBa - neTKOBa, MHTonorH^HH ... , 108-128.
43	flpyrH npHMepH Ha BaKBH mhtckh chhkh Ha Ba3HTe on hcthot noKanHTeT: H. florneBa - neTKOBa, MHTonorH^HH ... , 110: O6p.83, 84.
xyBaaT Ha Toa aeKa THe ro npHKaxyBaae xtohckhot 6or bo HeroBaTa 300-aHTponoMop^Ha MaHH^ecranHja
Co oBa ^Hrypa ce 3aoKpyxyBa aHCTaTa Ha enH^aHHH Ha xtohckhot mhtckh ^hk T.e. 6or, 3acTaneH h Ha Ha HamHTe ja3HHHaa (bo^k, MenKa, Axaep h 3oo -aHTponoMop^eH ^hk).
8.	AHTpOnOMOp^HH 1HKOBH
Ha neTHpH ja3HHHfta oa TpeTaTa rpyna ce npHKaxaHH hhcto amponoMop^HH MamKH ^HrypH. Ha ja3HHHaaTa oa Tiszafüred (T.VI:1,a,6, 3a), MoxaT aa ce 3a6eaexaT HeKoH hhbhh 3aeaHHHKH o6eaexja (Bo3paceH Max co KaHeaHpaHa 6paaa h pacnaeHeTa Koca, o6aeneH bo eaHocTaBHa, 6oraTo Ha6paHa o6aeKa). BaKBHoT MaHHp bo o6pa6oTKaTa Ha apanepHjaTa roBopH 3a HeKaKBH bpckh co aHTHHKHTe KyrnypHH TpaaHnHH, cnopea Hame MHcaeae He ToaKy bo CMHcaa Ha cymTHHaTa Ha npeTCTaBHTe (coapxHHa, chm6o-aHKa), KoaKy Ha HHBHHTe ^opMaaHH acneKTH (ramea, MaHHp Ha Moae^Hpaae, o6aeKa). OBHe peaanHH 6h moxto aa ce 6a3HpaaT Bp3 poMejcKoTo noTeraoTo Ha npoH3Bo-aHTe^HTe Ha oboj' HaKHT, h^h HHBHaTa o6yKa cnopea aHTHHKHTe 3aHaeTHHCKo - ecTeTCKH npHHnHnH. Ha npHMeponrne oa Banbalma-Czebe puszta (T.V:2,a,6) h Komárno-Lodenice (T.VI:2a) e npHKaxaH komhhk, jaBHaT Ha ko& h^h Ha norope o6pa6oTeHHoT 3oo -aHTponoMop^eH xtohckh ^hk. Bp3 ocHoBa Ha Beke HCKaxaHHTe apryMeHTH, MoxeMe aa 3aKnyHHMe aeKa bo noeaHHe^Ho 3acTaneHHTe ^hkobh oa oboj' BHa Tpe6a aa ro HaeHTH-^HKyBaMe bpxobhhot 6or, noKpoBHTea Ha He6oTo, rpoMoT h BoonmTo Ha BceaeHaTa.44
9.	Mothbot Ha 6op6a
CMeTaMe aeKa Mop^oaomKaTa aHMH3a Ha cneHHTe oa npHroxeHHTe ja3HHHaa h oco6eHo HHBHaTa chm6o^hhko - HKoHorpa^CKaTa aHMH3a, npHapyxeHa co kom-napaTHBHHoT npHCTan, ja noTBpayBa HamaTa Te3a cnopea Koja, 6op6aTa Mefy aBeTe, TyKa npHKaxaHH ^HrypH Ha xhbothh h^h ayfe npeTCTaByBa ^HKoBHa MaHH^ecranHja Ha ÓHHapHHTe MHToaomKH CTpyKTypH. OBHe ÓHHapHH CTpyKTypH MoxaT aa oapa3yBaaT
ono3HnHja Ha Hanega oa pa3HH HHBoa Ha er3HCTeHnHja. Bo npeTxoaHHTe aHMH3H, aKqeHToT ro CTaBHBMe Ha HHBHHTe 6a3HHHH MaKpoKocMHHKH acneKTH h Toa, npea ce KaKo aH^epeHnHjanHja Ha oaae^HHre hhboh Ha BceaeHaTa (He6ecKo h 3eMHo hhbo). Ho, Mopa aa HaraacHMe aeKa 3aa npHKaxaHaTa 6op6a Moxe aa CTojaT h apyrH HHBoa Ha 3Hanefta:
-	XnepapxH3anHja h apyrH oaHocH Mefy KocMHHKHTe 3ohh oth eaeMeHTHTe coapxaHH bo hhb;
-	CHM6o^H3Hpaae Ha oapeaeHH TpaHc^opManHH bo BceaeHaTa (aHHaMHKa h CMeHa Ha oapeaeHH BpeMeHCKH nHKnycH h^h HeKoH KaTeropHH mTo rH caeaaT);
-	CHM6o^H3Hpaae Ha apyrH acnTpaKTHH KaTeropHH Bp3aHH 3a noBeKoBaTa ercH-CTeHnHja (xhbot, pafaae, cmpt ...);
-	Bo nopa3BHeHHTe onmTecTBeHH cpeaHHH, obh mhtckh CTpyKTypH Moxeae aa ce KopHCTaT (oco6eHo Ha ^hkobho hhbo) h KaKo chm6o^h Ha oapeaeHH co^jamo - onmTe-
44 3a aHKoBHHTe npeTCTaBH Ha oBoj 6or Kaj CaoBeHHTe h o^hocot co npeTCTaBHTe Ha HeroBHoT xtohckh onoHeHT: H. HaycHaHC, npeTCTaBHTe ... , 55-60; H. HaycHaHC, CaoBeHCKHTe ... , 77-81; H. HaycHaHC, MHTCKHTe ... , 453-477.
CTBeHH HAH nOAHTHHKH ^eHOMeHH (xHepapjHja Ha KaCTH, nOAHTHHKa AOMHHanHja,
\ 45
npHHnHn Ha onmTecTBeHaTa opraHH3anHja bo Ap^aBaTa ...).45
CenaK, bo oBaa $a3a Ha HCTpaxyBaae, öeBMe npHHyAeHH, HHTepnpeTanHHTe Ha npHKaxaHaTa cneHa Ha 6op6a Mery MHTCKHTe onoHeHTH Aa ja CBe^eMe caMo Ha ropHHTe - onmTH kocmoaookh acneKTH. OcHoBHa npHtHHa 3a oBaaB pe^yKqHja e ^ktot mTo noflAaöoKHTe conHjaAHo - onTeTcTBeHH 3Haneaa Ha BaKBHTe cahkh He ce ToAKy TpaHc-napeHTHH h öapaaT AonoAHHTeAHH noAaronH oa pa3HH c^epH Ha KyATypaTa h hhbho npoAAaöoneHo HCTpaxyBaae hh3 co oABeTHHTe HaytHH AHcnHnAHHH.
3aKAynonHTe npeAAoxeHH bo oBoj HanHc HaMeTHyBaaT peAanHH co HcTopHcKHTe H3BopH 3a peAHrHjaTa Ha CAoBeHHTe koh mTo, 3eMeHo bo raoöaAa, ce 3anHmaHH bo hcto-toto BpeMe, a Bepojarao, h bo hctoto reorpa^cKo noApatje bo Koe er3HcTHpaAe TyKa npHKaxaHHTe ja3HHH^a. TyKa MHcAHMe Ha Aoöpo no3HaTHTe HaBoAH Ha npoKonHj 3a CAoBeHHTe h AHTHTe, 3a hhbhhot BpxoBeH 6or HTH. Ho oBa ce oAAaAetyBa oa npHMapHHoT mothb Ha oBaa cTaTHja, TaKa mTo 6h moxsao Aa ÖHAe npeAMeT Ha eAHo Apyro HcTpaxyBaae.
KopacTeHa .rnrepaTypa
M. EyAHMHp, Ca cAoBeHcKor ..., M. EyAHMHp, Ca cAoBeHcKor OAHMna, 36ophhk
^HAo3o^cKor ^aKyATeTa y EeorpaAy, IV - 1, EeorpaA, 1956, 1-56. J. Chevalier, A. Gheerbrant, Rječnik ..., J. Chevalier, A. Gheerbrant, Rječnik simbola, Zagreb 1987.
B. HajKaHoBHh, O cpncKoM ... , B. HajKaHoBHh, O cpncKoM bpxobhom 6ory, EeorpaA, 1941.
H. HaycHAHc, MHTcKHTe ..., MHTcKHTe cahkh Ha JyxHHTe CAoBeHH, CKonje, 1994, H. HaycHAHc, 3Mej ... , H. HaycHAHc, 3Mej - oa AeMoH koh öoxbctbo h oöparao, Letre
internationale, 15-16, CKonje, 1999, 48-57. H. HaycHAHc, npeTCTaBHTe ... , H. HaycHAHc, npeTcTaBHTe Ha cAoBeHcKHTe 6otobh -
onoHeHTH bo ahkobhhot MeAHyM, KyATypeH xhbot, 1997 / 1, CKonje, 55-65. H. HaycHAHc, CAoBeHcKHTe ... , H. HaycHAHc, CAoBeHcKHTe naHTeoHH bo ahkobhhot
MeAHyM: CBapor, Studia mythologica Slavica 1, Ljubljana, 1998, 75-92. H. HaycHAHc, flaxöor ... , H. HaycHAHc, flaxöor bo xpoHHKaTa Ha MaAaAa h HeroBHTe peAanHH co ApyrH cpeAHoBeKoBHH h ^oakaophh h3boph. Studia mythologica Slavica 3, Ljubljana, 2000, 23-41. Z. Cilinskâ, Kov ..., Z. Cilinskâ, Kov v rano-slovanskom umeni, Tatran, 1981. .. B. ^HxoBa, Ko Bonpocy ... , H. B. ^HxoBa, Ko Bonpocy o6 HAeoAorHH cpeAHeBeKoBoro
HaceAeHHH npHKaMba, CoBeTCKaa apxeoAoraa, 1982/3, MocKBa, 81-95. .. floHteBa - neTKoBa, MHTOAorHtHH ... , .. floHteBa - neTKoBa, MHTOAorHtHH
H3o6paxeHHH ot öbArapcKoTo cpeAHoBeKoBHe, co^hh, 1996. fl. flpyMeB, A. BacHAeB, Pe36apcKo ... , fl. flpyMeB, A. BacHAeB, Pe3ÖapcKo H3KycTBo b
EtArapHA, co^hh, 1955. É. Garam, Avar ..., É. Garam ( h ApyrH aBTopH), Avar finds in the Hungarian National Museum, (Cemeteries of the Avar Period /567-829/ in Hungary, Vol.1), Budapest, 1975.
45 3a oBHe acneKTH, Ha hhbo Ha MHTcKHTe cahkh: H. MapasoB, Bhahmhht ... , 14; KoHKpeTHo Ha nojacHHTe ja3HtHK.a oa cahtoh THn: D. Mrkobrad, Arheološki ... , 83,84.
E. Garam, Das awarenzeitliche ... , E. Garam, Das avarenzeitliche Gräberfeld von Tiszafüred, (Cemeteries of the Avar Period /567-829/ in Hungary, Vol.3), Budapest, 1995.
Gli Avari ... , Gli Avari - Un popolo d' Europa, Deputazione di storia patria per il Friuli,
Arti Grafiche Friulane, Udine 1995. B. B. HBaHoB, B. H. TonopoB, HccjefloBaHHa ..., B. B. HBaHoB, B. H. TonopoB,
HccjefloBaHHa b oöjacra cjaBaHcKHx flpeBHocTeft, MocKBa. 1974. M. Ježic, R'gvedski ... , M. Ježic, R'gvedski himni - Izvori indijske kulture i indoeuropsko
nasljede, Zagreb, 1987. M. KamaHHH, KaMeHa ... , M. KamaHHH, KaMeHa oTKpHka - CTyflHje o yMeraocra CpöHje
y cpeflaeM BeKy, Eeorpafl, 1978. J. KoBaneBHh, ABapcKH ... , J. KoBaneBHh, ABapcKH KaraHaT, Eeorpafl, 1977. I. Kovačevic, Semiologija rituala, Beograd, 1985. B. hhjhhk MaTKa ... , B. hhjhhK MaTKa hh3 BeKoBHTe, CKonja, 1995. A. Loma, Podunavska ... , A. Loma, Podunavska prapostojbina Slovena: legenda ili
istorijska realnost, Južnoslovenski filolog, XLIX, Beograd, 1993, 187-220. H. Mapa3oB, BHflHMHaT ..., H. Mapa3oB, BHflHMHaT mht - HcKycTBo h MHTojoraa, Co^Ha, 1992
H. Mapa3oB, MHTojoraa..., H. Mapa3oB, MHTojoraa Ha TpaKHTe, Co^Ha, 1994. V. Matic, Zaboravljena ..., 1972 V. Matic, Zaboravljena božanstva, Beograd, 1972. V. Matic, Psihoanaliza ..., V. Matic, Psihoanaliza mitske prošlosti, Beograd, 1976. V. Matic, Psihoanaliza ... III, V. Matic, Psihoanaliza mitske prošlosti, III, Beograd, (s.a.). mh^h ... T.1,2, mh^h HapofloB MHpa, T.1,2, MocKBa, 1980-82.
D.	Mrkobrad, Arheološki ..., D. Mrkobrad, Arheološki nalazi seobe naroda u Jugoslaviji,
Beograd, 1980.
fl. HHKojHh, Koa ... , fl. HHKojHh, Koa y BepoBaaHMa Hamer Hapofla, ^HBa aHTHKa, IX, cb.1 - 2, CKonje, 1959, 271-283.
E.	H. OrHÖeHHH, CTpyKTypa ..., E. H. OrHÖeHHH, CTpyKTypa MH^ojorHHecKHx TeKcToB
"PHrBeflbi" (BeflHÖcKaa KocMoroHHa), MocKBa, 1968.
A.	Parrot, Sumer ..., A. Parrot, Sumer, Editions Gallimard, 1960.
N. Profantovä, Awarische ..., N. Profantovä, Awarische Funde aus den Gebieten nördlich der awarischen Siedlungsgrenzen, (bo:) Awarenforschungen, Studien zur Archaologie der Awaren, 4, Archaeologia Austriaca - Monographien, Band 2, Wien, 1992, 605-778.
E. A. PböaKoB, PycajHH ..., E. A. PböaKoB, PycajHH h öor CHMaprj - nepenjyT,
CoBeTcKaa apxeojorHa, 1967 / 2, MocKBa, 91 - 116. E. A. PböaKoB, -3. flp. CjaBaH ..., E. A. PböaKoB, -3braecTBo flpeBHHx CjaBaH, MocKBa, 1981.
E. A. PböaKoB, -3. flp. PycH ..., E. A. PböaKoB, -3braecTBo flpeBHeft PycH, MocKBa, 1987.
B.	B. CefloB, CjaBaHe b paHHeM ..., B. B. CefloB, CjaBaHe b paHHeM cpeflHeBeKoBbe,
MocKBa, 1995.
CjaBaHcKaa MH^ojoraa ..., CjaBaHcKaa MH^ojorna (3HaHKnoneflHHecKHH cjoBapb), MocKBa, 1995.
CjaBaHcKHe flpeBHocra ..., CjaBaHcKHe flpeBHocTH (3THojoHrBHcTHHecKHH cjoBapb), MocKBa 1995.
CpncKH mht. penHHK ..., CpncKH MHTojomKH pen hhk, Eeorpafl, 1970.
CtKpoBHme ... , CtKpoBH^e Ha XaH KyöpaT - KynTypa Ha ÖmrapH, xa3apH, c^bahh,
(KaTaaor oa H3aox6aTa), co^hh, 1989.
E. K. TeoaopoB, BopGrne ... , E. K. TeoaopoB, BopGrne c MenKH b Hapo^HHTe necHH, bo: E3HKoBeacKo - eTHorpa^CKH H3caeflBaHHH b naMeT Ha aKaaeMHK ctohh PoMaHCKH, co^hh, 1960, 814-828.
B. H. TonopoB, Mo^eab ..., B. H. TonopoB, Mo^eab MHpa, b: mh^h HapoaoB MHpa, II, MocKBa, 1982, 161-164.
B. H. TonopoB, nepBo6biTHbie ..., B. H. TonopoB, nepBo6biTHbie npeacraB^eHna o MHpe (og^hh B3r^afl), b: OnepKH hctophh ecTecTBeHo-Hay^Hbx 3HaHHH b ape^BHocm, MocKBa, 1982, 8-40.
O. H. TpyöaneB, 3raoreHe3 ... , O. H. TpyöaneB, 9THoreHe3 h Kynbrypa flpeBHeftmHx C^aBHH, MocKBa, 1991.
B. A. YcneHcKHÖ, Omo^orHHecKHe ... , B. A. YcneHcKHÖ, Omo^oranecKHe pa3bicKaHHH b o6^acra c^aBHHcKHx flpeBHoHCTeft, MocKBa, 1982.
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Mythical opponents on early middle ages belt tongues
Nikos Causidis
The paper looks at metal belt tongues from the early Middle Ages which originated in the central Danubian area, the broader region of Central Europe and the Balkans. A part of men's clothes, these belt tongues are usually associated with the culture of the Avars. Yet contemporary scientists are more and more of the opinion that these elements were also found among other peoples (non-nomadic as well), be it within the Avarian kaganat, or under its political and cultural influence. The author explores the iconography and symbolism of certain types of belt tongues which date from the late period of the Avarian culture, from the end of the 7th to the end of the 8th centuries. In this variant the central iconographic area depicts the moulded relief of the profiles of three figures (zoomorphic, zoo-anthropomorphic, or anthropomorfic). Most often, the figures on both sides face the central one. After an analysis of individual cases it was possible to classify these figures as shown by the table below:
griffon	horse / cattle	undefined winged beast
griffon	stag	wolf / dog
griffon	cattle	wolf / dog
undefined beast (griffon?)	stag	undefined beast (dog / wolf?)
undefined beast (griffon?)	undefined herbivore	undefined beast (dog / wolf?)
griffon / winged horse	cattle	beast with anthropomorphic head
griffon	bearded man	undefined beast
armed rider	undefined herbivore	bear
armed rider	dragon (female figure?)	armed rider
bearded man	(no central figure)	bear
Based on the analysis of these individual cases (T.I - T.VI) the author suggests a thesis that these compositions depict a duel between two characters (which as a rule are side figures) fighting over the proprietorship of the third, usually central, figure. It is the author's opinion that such a scene had a mythical/religious character; that it depicted (or, to be specific, that it only evoked) the myth about the battle between two antagonistic gods fighting for a herd of cattle, which is symbolically represented by the cental animal figure. Such mythical dimension of this scene, and especially the theistical character of these opponents, are furthermore corroborated by certain atypical belt tongues whose composition consists of oponents depicted as zoo-anthropomorphic and anthropomorphic figures.
The final result of the analysis made possible a differenciation of the depicted characters:
1.	Representatives of the positive principles (pertaining to light and heaven) are usually depicted on the left-hand side of the belt tongue (from the viewpoint of the observer): a griffon, a winged horse, an armed rider, a bearded man.
2.	Representatives of the negative (htonic) principle are usually depicted on the right-hand side (from the viewpoint of the observer): a wolf/a dog, a bear, an undefined winged beast, a dragon, a beast with an anthropomorphic head.
3. Representatives of the animal herd (the neutral principle) are usually depicted in the
middle: cattle, a stag/ a hind, a horse (?), an undefined herbivorous animal, a female
figure (?).
With regard to the present knowledge about the polyethnic structure of the population which lived in the area of the Avarian kaganat, or had been under its influence, the author actualizes the hypotheses maintaining that this jewelry could have belonged to other peoples who had lived in that area before the Avars, or during their reign: peoples from the northern part of the Balkans, known under the administrative name of Pannonians and the population of Noricum, also Sarmatians, Germanic peoples, Bulgarians, Kutrigurs, Slavs, Antes. New research results from the fields of archaeology, historiography and linguistics point to an important presence of Slavic peoples in Pannonia during this period. The analysis of the mythic contents depicted on the belt tongues, characteristically present in the Slavic tradition, corresponds to the possibility of their direct or indirect connection with Slavs. The author is of the opinion that these belt tongues, and the mythical depictions on them, belonged to Slavs or to other peoples living in the Pannonian territory, who participated in the Slavic ethno-genesis.
The principal aim of this paper was to analyze the scenes on the selected belt tongues (a formal iconographic analysis) and to update their iconography in the sphere of the pagan-Slavic mythology and religion. After his analysis of the symbolism contained in these scenes, the author attempted to explain the depicted characters, their characteristics, function and attributes, all of which was based on comparisons between analogous Indo-European, and especially Slavic, mythological and religious traditions. It is the author's belief that it would be possible to conduct an in-depth comparativistic research of the central scene on these belt tongues in a different kind of study - possibly in a monograph which would also encompass other mythical scenes depicted on early Medieval archaeological finds which claim to possess a »Slavic« character.