STAT’O’BOOK Statistical Overview of Slovenia 2018 Stat’o’book - Statistical Overview of Slovenia 2018 Original title: Statřpis – Statisticni pregled Slovenije 2018 ISSN 2385-9334 Information: www.stat.si/eng T: +386 1 241 64 04 E: gp.surs@gov.si @StatSlovenia @StatSlovenija Issued and published by the Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia, Ljubljana, Litostrojska 54 © SURS – Use of data is allowed provided the source is acknowledged. 2 Let us start at the very beginning The data provided and disseminated by SURS are official statistical data. This also means that the data are trustworthy and of high quality. And they are free of charge provided SURS is acknowledged as their source. The key product of SURS is the SI-STAT database with billions of data. The first releases of the topical, official statistical data comprise the statistical data and short commentaries, and they are also listed in the SURS Release calendar which is prepared in advance for the next calendar year. 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Genovefa Ružic Acting Director-General 4 CONTENTS S Page FOREWORD 3 Let us start at the very beginning POPULATION 6 Slovenia’s population is growing slightly EDUCATION 8 More elementary school children LABOUR AND UNEMPLOYMENT 10 Better education, lower unemployment EARNINGS AND LABOUR COSTS 12 Women’s earnings lower than men’s earnings QUALITY OF LIFE 14 The at-risk-of-poverty rate is declining SOCIAL PROTECTION 16 Almost EUR 9.4 bn spent on social protection HEALTH 18 How do we take care of our health? CULTURE 20 On average 60 cultural performances per day ENVIRONMENT 22 Our attitude toward the environment AGRICULTURE 24 Almost 70,000 agricultural holdings in Slovenia ENERGY 26 Lower energy consumption than in 2016 GDPAND NATIONALACCOUNTS 28 In 2017 the Slovenian economy grew by 4.9% PRICES AND INFLATION 30 1.7% inflation in 2017 FOREIGN ECONOMIC RELATIONS 32 Trade in goods has been increasing CONSTRUCTION 34 3,044 dwellings completed in 2017 ENTERPRISES 36 More enterprises, employees and turnover DEVELOPMENTAND TECHNOLOGY 38 How does digitalisation affect work? INDUSTRY 40 Industrial production again up in 2017 TRANSPORT 42 A resident of Slovenia to Nordkapp and back TRADE AND SERVICES 44 Turnover in trade and services is growing TOURISM 46 2017 a record year for Slovenian tourism ABBREVIATIONS 49 And last but not least: abbreviations and other explanations Slovenia’s population is growing slightly On 1 January 2018 Slovenia had a 2017, while the number of foreign residents of Slovenia was 43.2 years; population of 2,066,880 or 985 more citizens went up. Their share in total 15% of residents were under 15 years than a year earlier. The number of population increased to 5.9%. At the old and 19% were over 64 years old. residents of Slovenia went down in beginning of 2018 the mean age of Mean age of children in two-parent families by number of children in the family, Slovenia, 1 January 20181) 1) Families with twins or triplets are not taken into account. Source: SURS © SURS More elementary school children At the start of the school year 2017/18, 86,703 children were enrolled in kindergartens and 181,301 (almost 5,000 more than a year earlier) in basic education. The number of pupils in basic education has been growing since the school year 2010/11 when it was the lowest in independent Slovenia (161,046). In the school year 2017/18, 73,776 pupils were enrolled in upper secondary education, almost 5,000 fewer than five years earlier. In the same year 76,534 students were enrolled in tertiary education, 8,900 of them aged 30 years or more. 1) Data for school year 2016/17. Source: SURS © SURS Better education, lower unemployment 1) Some totals do not add up due to rounding. © SURS Source: SURS Women’s earnings lower than men’s earnings In 2017 average monthly gross earnings in Slovenia amounted to EUR 1,627 and were almost 3% higher than in 2016. Among the twelve statistical regions earnings were higher than the national average only in the Osrednjeslovenska statistical region (EUR 1,794); they were the lowest in the Primorsko-notranjska statistical region (EUR 1,431). As regards activities, earnings were the highest in electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply (EUR 2,449) and the lowest in administrative and support service activities (EUR 1,081). Average monthly gross earnings per hour amounted to EUR 9.73, while gross hourly rate for overtime work was EUR 12.28, 1.2% higher than a year before. 1) Provisional data. Source: SURS © SURS The at-risk-of-poverty rate is declining In 2017 the at-risk-of-poverty rate in Slovenia was 13.3%, the lowest after 2010. Of course, it was not the same in all parts of the country. It was the lowest in the Primorsko-notranjska statistical region (8.4%) and the highest in the Posavska statistical region (18.5%). The monthly at-risk-of-poverty threshold for a one-member household was EUR 636 net. In 2017, 72% of households could afford one week annual holidays and 59% of households could handle unexpected expenses in the amount of EUR 600. In 2017, 4% of households in Slovenia received material and/or financial help from charities; the share was the highest in the Zasavska statistical region (10%). Sport or recreational physical activity of residents of Slovenia aged 18+ by body mass index, 2017 Source: SURS © SURS Almost EUR 9.4 bn spent on social protection EUR 9,398 million was spent on social protection schemes in 2016 or 1.8% more than a year earlier. Current health expenditure amounted to EUR 3,423 million, which is 8.5% of gross domestic product (GDP). 72.7% of funds were from public sources and 27.3% from private sources. In 2016, too, the primary source of funding health care was social security funds, which covered just over two thirds of current expenditure on health. In 2015, 61,084 people in Slovenia were receiving at least one service or benefit within the long-term care system. 37% of them or 22,415 were receiving long-term care in institutions; they were followed by those receiving long-term care at home (21,612). Expenditure for social benefits by social protection functions, 2016 Source: SURS © SURS How do we take care of our health? In the 12 months before the survey was conducted in 2017, 23% of persons aged 16+ visited dentists at least three times. General practitioners were visited or consulted by telephone or e-mail at least three times by 40% of persons and medical or surgical specialists by 20% of persons. Women visited doctors and dentists more often than men. The frequency of visiting the doctors is largely related to the self-assessment of people’s general health. 43% of people who assessed their general health as very good never visited a general practitioner, and only 7% among those with very bad general health. General health of children is assessed by their parents or guardians. For almost two thirds of children (64%) up to 16 years of age parents or guardians in 2017 assessed that their general health was very good. There were no significant differences between boys and girls (boys: 63%, girls: 65%). Shares of households the members of which visited doctors or dentists, statistical regions, 2017 Sources: GURS, SURS © SURS On average 60 cultural performances per day Houses of culture, theatres, music institutions, etc., performed a total of 22,025 events in 2017, which were attended by more than 4.3 million people. 51.2% of the events were the result of their own production and co-production, while the remaining 48.8% were hosted events. Most events (77.2%) were held in houses and centres of culture; 21.6% of events were held in theatres and in the two operas. Museums, museum collections and galleries prepared 1,485 exhibitions: 284 of them permanent and 1,201 temporary. These exhibitions were seen by almost 3.2 million visitors, of whom 27% were foreigners. Some cultural institutions also offered free-of-charge events to visitors, namely 4,837 (22% of all events) in 2017. With paid events the institutions earned around EUR 12 million; the average price of a ticket for such an event was EUR 8.50. In 2017, 5,627 book titles were issued in Slovenia, of which 1,763 titles of literature. There were 274 public libraries and 13 mobile libraries in Slovenia. Public libraries had about 468,000 members and on average every member visited the library 21 times (source: National and University Library). Source: SURS © SURS Our attitude toward the environment The quality of the environment in which we live is an important aspect of the quality of our life. Some data indicate that our management of the environment is improving. In 2017, 481 kg of waste per person was generated in Slovenia; 70% of it was collected separately, which is more than a year earlier. In 2017, 169.4 million cubic metres of water was abstracted in Slovenia. As much as 99% of this water was abstracted from groundwater sources; the remaining 1% was abstracted from surface water. Of the total amount of water abstracted for the public water supply in 2017, 79.0 million cubic metres was consumed by households. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is one of the greenhouse gases that cause the greenhouse effect in the Earth’s atmosphere. CO2 emissions in 2016 went up by 3.8% over the previous year. The highest share of CO2 emissions originated in electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply. Share of separately collected municipal waste, Slovenia and statistical regions, 2017 1) Including paper packaging.. Source: SURS © SURS Almost 70,000 agricultural holdings in Slovenia There were 69,900 agricultural holdings in Slovenia in 2016, most of them in the Podravska and Savinjska statistical regions (over 10,000 in each). An agricultural holding was cultivating on average 6.9 hectares of land and breeding on average 6 livestock units. It had on average 1.7 two-axle tractors; the number of tractors was the highest in the Podravska statistical region, 16,300. 9% of utilised agricultural area was organically farmed, which ranked Slovenia ninth among the EU-28 Member States. An agricultural holding had on average 1.1 annual work units. Managers of agricultural holdings were on average 57 years old, which was almost 7 years more than the mean age of adult residents of Sloveni 1) Data for 2016. Source: SURS © SURS Lower energy consumption than in 2016 In 2017 final energy consumption in Slovenia decreased by 0.2% compared to the previous year. The decrease was influenced by the reduced consumption of petroleum products in transport, which, however, was still the largest consumer with 38%. The second largest consumer was manufacturing and construction with 27%, followed by households with 23%. In 2017, Slovenia met 52% of domestic energy demand with domestic energy resources. The rest of the energy was imported; the entire quantities of petroleum products were imported. The average price for a kilowatt of electricity for household consumers in Slovenia was EUR 0.1581 in 2017 and was thus 1.3% lower than a year earlier. Source: SURS © SURS In 2017 the Slovenian economy grew by 4.9% Gross domestic product in Slovenia amounted to almost EUR 43 billion in 2017, which was nominally 6.5% more than a year earlier. GDP per capita was EUR 20,815, 4.9% higher than a year earlier. Total value added measured at constant prices was 5.2% higher than in 2016. The highest growth rate was recorded in administrative and support service activities (11.3%), followed by mining and quarrying (9.5%), construction (8.5%) and manufacturing (8.4%). The balance of trade was positive; it amounted to EUR 4,181 million (9.7% of GDP) and contributed 1.3 percentage points to GDP growth. Both the volume of exports and imports of goods and services were higher in 2017 than in the previous year; exports of goods and services went up by 10.7% and imports of goods and services by 10.3%. Economic growth was positively influenced by final consumption, which grew by 1.5% over the previous year. Private final consumption increased by 1.9% and government consumption by 0.5%. Gross domestic product, 2017 Source: SURS © SURS 1.7% inflation in 2017 In 2017 inflation in Slovenia measured with the consumer price index (CPI) stood at 1.7%. In one year goods prices went up by 1.9% and service prices by 1.3%. The largest upward impact on annual inflation came from higher prices of food and petroleum products. In the group food, the prices of fresh fruit went up the most (by 12.4%), followed by the prices of meat (by 6.5%). Tobacco prices went up on average by 4.8%. On the other hand, inflation was lowered the most by 2.7% lower prices of motor cars. Dwelling prices grew for the third year in a row; in 2017 they increased by 10.0% over the previous year. The annual number of transactions of newly built dwellings was at a record low (632), but the number of transactions of all dwellings (newly built and existing) was the highest so far (10,788). Source: SURS © SURS Trade in goods has been increasing In 2017, Slovenia exported most goods to Germany (20.2% of total exports of goods), followed by Italy (11.5%), Croatia (8.0%), Austria (7.7%) and France (5.6%). Most of the goods were imported from the same countries: 19.0% of total imports of goods from Germany, 15.7% from Italy, 10.6% from Exports of large enterprises represented Austria, 5.5% from Croatia and 4.3% 45% of total exports and imports of from France. In all the years from 2000 these enterprises represented 36% onwards these countries were our most of total imports. Micro and small important trading partners. In 2017, enterprises together contributed 23% of trade in goods with France and Italy total exports and 34% of total imports. strengthened the most. 3,044 dwellings completed in 2017 In 2017, 6,588 buildings (residential and non-residential) were completed in Slovenia, 2% fewer than in 2016. The total floor area of these buildings was a little less than 1.5 million square metres or 5% more than the total floor area of buildings built in 2016. In 2017, 9,432 dwellings were under construction in Slovenia, of which 3,044 were completed by the end of the year, which is 2% more than in 2016. The total floor area of dwellings completed in 2017 was almost 441,000 square meters, which is 2% less that the total floor area of dwellings completed in 2016. In 2017 most of the dwellings were completed in the Osrednjeslovenska statistical region (23% of all), followed by the Podravska statistical region (17%). On the other hand, the fewest dwellings were completed in the Zasavska statistical region (2%). Construction enterprises in Slovenia performed almost EUR 2 billion worth of construction work in 2017, which is 24% more than in 2016. 35% more construction work than in 2016 was performed on buildings and 14% more on civil engineering works. Source: SURS © SURS More enterprises, employees and turnover Most enterprises operating in Slovenia in 2017 (over a half) were registered in other service activities. The largest share of turnover (40%) was contributed by enterprises in industry, which were also first in terms of value added (43%). Last in terms of turnover and value added were enterprises in construction (5% and 6%, respectively). In 2017 the highest annual growth of turnover and number of persons employed in the last ten years was recorded. A longer period of increase in business performance indicators was observed in real estate activities. In comparison with 2010 the number of enterprises with activity of renting and operating of own or leased real estate increased by 100%; their turnover, value added and the number of persons employed increased by more than 60% in comparison with 2010. There were 807 high-growth enterprises in Slovenia in 2016, 28.5% more than in the previous year. They employed 56,000 persons, a third more than in 2015. A high-growth enterprise is an enterprise with average annual growth greater than 10% over a three-year period and at least 10 employees at the beginning of the growth period. Growth is measured with the number of employees. Source: SURS © SURS How does digitalisation affect work? The Internet is an important source of information, for entertainment, it enables communication, shopping and working from home, etc. How many regular Internet users are there in total population and among active population (employed and unemployed)? In the first quarter of 2018, 80% of persons aged 16–74 years regularly used the Internet; 85% of them accessed the Internet via mobile or smart phone, 63% via laptop, 48% via desktop computer and 25% via tablet computer. The Internet was regularly used by 91% of the employees and self-employed, while 6% have never used the Internet. The employees and self-employed that used computers at their work most often exchanged e-mails or entered data into databases (85%). 37% of the employees and self-employed worked from home at least once in the last 12 months and 97% of them used the Internet for their job. In 2018 a large majority of enterprises with at least 10 persons employed had their own websites (84%). 26% of enterprises with at least 10 persons employed were buying cloud computing services, 7% were using robots, 4% were using 3D printing and 10% were analysing big data. 1) Data refer to 2017. Source: SURS © SURS Industrial production again up in 2017 All industrial enterprises in Slovenia (i.e. enterprises registered in mining and quarrying, manufacturing, electricity, gas and steam supply, and water supply and waste management) sold in 2017 almost EUR 24 billion of goods and services or just over 11% more than in 2016. This was the largest annual growth in the past ten years. Compared to 2016, turnover in manufacturing increased the most in manufacture of motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers (by 29%) and decreased the most in manufacture of wearing apparel (by more than 14%). As regards manufacturing enterprises, the highest share of turnover on the domestic market was generated by manufacturers of beverages (almost 78%), followed by manufacturers of food products (more than 72%). On the other hand, the highest share of turnover on the foreign market was generated by manufacturers of other transport equipment (more than 95%). As regards statistical regions, the most successful in terms of turnover in manufacturing was Jugovzhodna Slovenija with 19% of total turnover from the sale of industrial products and services in the country; it was followed by Osrednjeslovenska with more than 18% and Savinjska with more than 14%. Source: SURS © SURS A resident of Slovenia to Nordkapp and back Residents of Slovenia aged 15–84 years travelled more than 12 billion kilometres on their daily trips in 2017, i.e. about 7,200 kilometres per person – a distance from Ljubljana to the northernmost point in Europe (Nordkapp) and back. Each performed on average three trips per day. Cars were the main mode of transport on 68% of the trips (made as a driver or a passenger). The second most important mode of transport was walking (21.3% of trips). Bicycles were used on 4.5% of trips and public transportation (buses and trains) on 4.3% of trips. Almost 1.7 million domestic and foreign passengers travelled through Ljubljana Jože Pucnik Airport in 2017. In the same year almost 108,000 passengers were recorded in the Slovenian ports, most of them on cruise ships. Number of passengers in international railway passenger transport (excluding transit), Slovenia, 2017 In 2017 almost 12.6 million passengers were carried in national railway transport and almost 830,000 in international railway transport (including transit). Most passengers that travelled to or from Slovenia by train were from Croatia, Austria and Germany. Source: SURS © SURS Turnover in trade and services is growing In 2017 enterprises in Slovenia sold on the domestic market about EUR 26.7 billion of goods in 2017, which was 10.8% more than in 2016. In retail trade EUR 13.0 billion and in wholesale EUR 13.8 billion was sold. Turnover from the sale of services was service activities; the highest growth 8.5% higher than in 2016. The trend of was recorded in administrative and turnover growth from the previous years support service activities (by 12.3%) continued and this was the highest and in transportation and storage growth in the last ten years. Turnover activities (by 11.5%). was higher in all observed groups of Compared to 2016 the value of the sale of motor fuels grew the most (by 24.2%), followed by web sales (17.6%) and the sale of motor vehicles (13.2%). Source: SURS © SURS 2017 a record year for Slovenian tourism In 2017, the highest numbers of tourist more than in 2016, and almost 12.6 and just over 4 million or 5% more arrivals and overnight stays ever were million overnight stays, 13% more than overnight stays than in 2016. recorded in tourist accommodations; in 2016. Domestic tourists generated almost 5 million tourist arrivals, 15% almost 1.4 million or 6% more arrivals Foreign tourists’ overnight stays in Slovenia. 2017 Source: SURS © SURS 48 And last but not least: abbreviations and other explanations mio million bn billion p.p. percentage point AWU annual work unit EU European Union EU-28 28 EU Member States GBARD government budget allocations for research and development GDP gross domestic product GURS Surveying and Mapping Authority of the Republic of Slovenia HICP harmonised index of consumer prices ICP consumer price index ICT information and comunication technology n. e. c. not elsewhere classified NPISH non-profit institutions serving households R&D research & development % percent CO2 carbon dioxide ha hectare kg kilogram m2 square metre m3 cubic metre TJ terajoule t ton EUR euro AT Austria BE Belgium CZ Czech Republic DE Germany FR France HR Croatia HU Hungary IL Israel IT Italy NL Netherlands PL Poland RS Serbia RU Russian Federation UK United Kingdom US United States of America Images for some infographics were obtained from: http://www.flaticon.com and https://thenounproject.com/.