CAVE ENTRANCES SHOWN IN THE ORIGINAL SKETCHES OF VALVASOR
JAMSKI VHODI NA ORIGINALNIH VALVASORJEVIH SKICAH
VLADO BOŽIČ
Izvleček	UDK 551.44:74.021(091)
Vlado Božič: Jamski vhodi na originalnih Valvasorjevih skicah
Avtor opisuje devet Valvasorjevih skic, shranjenih v metropolitskem oddelku univerzitetne knjižnice v Zagrebu. Večina skic je bila osnova za bakroreze v Valvasorjevem delu Die Ehre dess Herzogthums Grain (1689). Skice, opisane v prispevku, prikazujejo vhode v jame, kraške izvire in ponore in so zato zanimive za krasoslovje.
Ključne besede: speleologija, zgodovina speleologije, Valvasor
Abstract	UDC 551.44:74.021(091)
Vlado Božič: Cave entrances shown in the original sketches of Valvasor
The author described nine Valvasor's sketches kept in the Metropolitana Department in the University Library at Zagreb. Most of them were the base for copperplate engravings for his work Die Ehre dess Herzogthums Grain (1689). The sketches described in the article show entrances to caves, karst springs, and ponors and are therefore of karstological interest.
Key words: speleology, history of speleology, Valvasor
Address - Naslov Vlado Božič Brače Cvijiča 17 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Much has been written about Ivan Vajkard Valvasor, especially on the occasion of the 300th anniversary of the publication of his book "Die Ehre dess Herzogthums Grain" in 1689. Nevertheless, new information is still being found among the wealth of documents on his exploration and scientific activities.
It is known that Baron Valvasor, who was descended from a distinguished Ljubljana family, received his education over a long period and in several different places. He was taught rhetoric by Jesuits in Ljubljana. Then in 1659 he studied in Germany and from 1669 to 1672 in Italy, France, Switzerland and Africa. His studies included not only history, geography, archaeology, mathematics and theology, but also alchemy and magic. Once back from his foreign travels he explored the whole of Carniola and neighbouring lands parts of including Croatia.
In the course of these travels he made extensive notes and sketches of all he found of interest, so he accumulated an enormous amount of material in readiness for his books. It was because of this that he bought Bogensperk Castle near Litije and made it a kind of museum or academy where he brought many scientists to work on the material and prepare it for publication. He also installed there a printing press for copperplate engravings. So, in 1689, his big four-volume book was completed and was published in Nürnberg and Ljubljana.
But in publishing these volumes he used up all his wealth, and a little before his death he had to sell both the castle and his collections. Bishop Ignacije Mikulič of Zagreb bought some of the collection and presented it to the Metropohtana Library there. Later some books were passed to the University Library in Zagreb, most of the volumes of ecclesiastical sketches went to the Graphics Collection of the Croatian Academy of Science and Art (HAZU), and three volumes of other sketches went to the strongroom of the Metropolitana department in the University Library.
These three volumes in the strongroom have the title: Sketches of towns in Crain (Skice gradova u Kranjskoj). In the first Volume are sketches later published in Valvasor's books, and in the other two volumes under the call numbers MR 198 and MR 199 are sketches till now unpublished. Each Volume is hard bound with about hundred sketches, drawn by pencil, ink or some kind of water colour. On the borders there are no inscriptions or titles, only stickers with numbers. Every sketch has a title in German, and maybe some other words, and a number in the sketch near the frame, and also a

1. Title: GURCKH, Kerka (Vrhkrka, Gradiček) No. 85 (near the frame) and No. 14 and 23 (near the margin of the sketch), presents the sources of two rivers in two caves (Krška jama), on one is written "görk flus" (= river Krka) (Ehre IUI 420) (Roman number is the volume and Arab number the page where the picture is published in the Valvasor's Die Ehre dess Herzogthums Grain, 1689).
2. Title: KLAINHEISEL, Klajnkejsel (Mali grad, Planina), No. 130 (outside frame), presents a castle and the source in the cave; on the river is written "unz VNZ flus" (Unica river) (Ehre 111/309).
Vlado Božič: Cave entrances shown in the original sketches of Valvasor
3. Title: ST. KAZIAN (Škocjan), No. 35 and 142 (outside the frame), present a village on the cliff and a river Reka going out of the caves (Škocjanske jame), entering a ponor-cave, again going out of the cave and once more entering a ponor-cave (Ehre II276).
4. Title: LVEG, Luknya, No. 135 (in the picture) and No. 157 (outside the frame), presents a castle and under it a river Temeniz (Temenica) going out of the cave (Luknja) (Ehre III/349).
5. Title: LUEG in der poig, No. 158 (outside the frame), presents a castle (Predjamski grad) in the cave (Jama) and a river (Lokva) entering a ponor-cave; under this place is written "Die grotten". (Ehre 11521).

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6. Title: Mittelburg, Statt MITTERBVRG (Pazin), No. 173 (outside the frame), presents a big town and a river entering a ponor-cave (Fojba) (Ehre 1111374).
7. Title: PODIAMO (Tabor, Grad), No. 221 (outside the frame), presents a building in the cave (Ehre II282).


8. Title: St. Serff, St. SERFF (Socerb), No. 362 (outside the frame), presents a group of building on the cliff, steps going to the cave entrance (maybe artificial ?), and an other entrance to the cave near a church where is written "die grotta des St" (Sveta jama) (Ehre III/525).
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9. Title: WEINITZ, Vinica, No. 297 (in the picture) and No. 338 (outside the frame), presents a village Vinica and a river (on the river is written "Culpa flus") (Kolpa river), with a brook going out of two caves (Ehre 1111640).
number added later in pencil outside the frame of the sketch. There are no explanations with the sketches.
Every sketch shows a castle, city, town, village or a building, and its surroundings. These surroundings are of great interest, especially for speleologist, because cave entrances are drawn in several sketches. In the Volume No. MR 199 alone, there are 9 sketches with speleological contents.
The other sketches are first-class documents too, because they show the state at that time of towns and their surroundings known today. Among many such towns there are Moščenice, Kastav, Rijeka, Kraljeviča, Novigrad, Škrljevo, Zumberak, Brinje, etc. (in Croatia); and Kočevje, Velika vas. Mala vas, Ljubljana, Lož, Pleterje, Višnja gora, Idrija, etc. (in Slovenia); and Trieste (in Italy). These sketches will be of interest not only to naturalists but also to historians of architecture and town planning.
JAMSKI VHODI NA ORIGINALNIH VALVASORJEVIH SKICAH
Povzetek
Avtor opisuje devet Valvasorjevih skic, ki so shranjene v metropolitskem oddelku univerzitetne knjižnice v Zagrebu. Večina teh skic je bila osnova za bakroreze v Valvasorjevem delu Die Ehre dess Herzogthums Grain (1689). Te skice, opisane v prispevku, prikazujejo vhode v jame, kraške izvire in ponore in so zato zanimive za krasoslovje. Prikazujejo naslednje kraje: Vrhkrko pri Gradičku (s Krško jamo), Maii grad pri Planini (s Planinsko jamo), Škocjanske jame pri Divači, grad Luknjo pri Novem mestu (z izvirom Temenice), Predjamski grad in Jamo, Pazin s Fojbo v Istri (Hrvaška), jamo Tabor (Grad) pri Sembijah nad Knežakom, grad Socerb s Sveto jamo in Vinico ob Kolpi s kraškim izvirom. V zbirki so še številne druge skice, prav tako zanimive ne samo za naravoslovce, ampak tudi za zgodovinarje, arhitekte in planerje.