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LJUBLJANA, DECEMBER 2002 Vol. 10, No. 2: 131-154
HARVESTMEN (OPILIONES) IN HUMAN SETTLEMENTS OF
SLOVENIA
Tone NOVAK1, Ljuba SLANA2, Natalija ČER VEK1, Mojca MLAKAR1, Nataša ŽMAHER1 and Jürgen GRUBER3
1 University of Maribor, Pedagogic Faculty, Department of Biology, Koroška 160, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia, e-mail: tone.novak@guest.arnes.si
2	Ozare 31, SI-2380 Slovenj Gradec, Slovenia, e-mail: tone.novak@guest.arnes.si
3	Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, 3. Zool. Abteilung, Postfach 417, Burgling 7,
A-1014 Wien, Austria, e-mail: Juergen.Gruber@nhm-wien.ac.at
Abstract Harvestmen (Arachnida: Opiliones) in human settlements of Slovenia were investigated examining opilionid collections deposited in Slovenia, and additional intensive investigations in 29 bigger urban centres. Altogether, data from 58 towns and villages have been treated. So far, 42 of 65 species and subspecies living in Slovenia have been found in the urban centres. Phalangium opilio and Nelima semproni have been found in every second, and Opilio saxatilis, Leiobunum rotun-dum, Trogulus nepaeformis s. 1., Opilio parietinus and Nemastoma bidentatum spar-sum in 20-40 % of settlements. There are three reasons for the relatively high number of harvestman species inhabiting towns and villages of Slovenia. First, the settlements are relatively small and closely connected with neighbouring non-urban regions. Second, some primary habitats in settlements have not been destroyed either physically or chemically, thus the indigenous species live there continuously. Third, many secondary habitats are appropriate for inhabitation by some species. In respect to their origin, autochtonous and introduced species occur in human settlements. Probably all opilionid synanthropic species sensu lato are the landscape-cultivation-followers ("Kulturfolger" sensu Povolny 1963), symbiotic with mankind for etho-logical and ecological reasons. In settlements, petrophily is the predominant characteristic of these species, being either thermophile or frigophile. Probably only Opilio parietinus can be treated as synanthropic sensu Povolny (1963) meaning a sponta-
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neous membership in an anthropobiocenosis. The indigenous edaphic and some epigean species represent residues of primary ecosystems. In anthropogenic habitats, their high species number reflects both, moderate physical and chemical destruction of primary habitats in the past in most Slovenian towns. Opilio canestvinii has for the first time been recorded in Slovenia.
Key words: arachnids, harvestmen (Opiliones), introduced species (Neozoa), Slovenia, synanthropic species, urban centres
Izvleček - SUHE JUŽINE (OPILIONES) V NASELJIH V SLOVENIJI
Suhe južine (Arachnida: Opilones) v naseljih smo proučevali s pregledom obstoječih zbirk suhih južin v Sloveniji ter z dodatnimi intenzivnimi raziskavami v 29 večjih urbanih središčih. Skupno je zajetih v raziskavo 58 mest in vasi. Doslej je bilo v urbanih središčih Slovenije ugotovljenih 42 od 65 vrst in podvrst, kar znaša dve tretjini znanih vrst v Sloveniji. Phalangium opilio in Nelima semproni sta bila najdena v vsakem drugem naselju, Opilio saxatilis, Leiobumim rotunclum, Trogulus nepaefovmis s. 1., Opilio parietinus in Nemastoma bidentatum sparsum pa v 20-40 % naselij. Za relativno visoko število vrst suhih južin v slovenskih naseljih so trije vzroki. Prvič, naselja so pretežno majhna in v tesnem stiku z obdajajočimi neurbanimi področji. Drugič, ostanki primarnih habitatov niso bili uničeni niti fizično niti kemijsko, tako da so neprekinjeno poseljeni z domačimi vrstami. Tretjič, mnogi sekundarni habitati so primerni za življenje suhih južin in jih zato poselijo. Glede na njihov izvor so v naseljih avtohtone in vnesene suhe južine. Verjetno pripadajo vse sinantropne suhe južine v širšem smislu vrstam, ki sledijo kultiviranju pokrajine ("Kulturfolger" sensu Povolny 1963) in živijo simbiotsko s človekom zaradi etološk-ih ali ekoloških razlogov. Pri suhih južinah v naseljih je petrofilija prevladujoča lastnost, lahko so termofilne ali frigofilne. Verjetno je mogoče obravnavati kot sinantropno vrsto sensu Povolny (1963), s čimer je opredeljena njena spontana udeležba v antropobiocenozi, le Opilio parietinus. Domače edafske in nekatere površinske vrste so preostanki primarnih ekosistemov. Njihovo veliko število odraža relativno omejeno fizično in kemijsko uničevanje primarnih habitatov v večini slovenskih krajev. Opilio canestvinii je bil prvič najden v Sloveniji.
Ključne besede: pajkovci (Arachnida), vnesene vrste (neozoa), sinantropne vrste, Slovenija, suhe južine (Opiliones), urbana naselja
Introduction
Until 2000, only a few records on harvestmen in urban centres of Slovenia were published (Novak et Gruber 2000). Harvestmen of anthropogenic habitats had not been investigated systematically. In the urbanistic sense, Slovenia is a great hamlet with two bigger (over 100,000 inhabitants), five middle (over 20,000) and few
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dozens of smaller towns, and several villages. Therefore, except for Opilio canestrinii, which has been found in the adjacent regions of Italy and Austria, but missed in opilionid collections from Slovenia, no special findings have been expected in comparison to non-urban landscapes.
Material and methods
The following harvestman collections have been investigated:
•	collections of the Slovene Museum of Natural History, Ljubljana; PMSL;
•	Coll. of the Institute of Biology University of Ljubljana;
•Biological coll. of the Karst Research Institute Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts at Postojna;
•	(rests of) Hadži Coll.;
•	Biol. coll. of the Museum of Notranjska at Postojna;
•	Harvestman collection of the Natural History Museum Wien;
•	some small private collections;
•	personal collection Novak and Slana.
From July to September 2000, intensive additional investigations were carried out in 29 of the larger urban centres of Slovenia. Altogether, harvestmen from the following 58 towns and villages are treated in this study: Ajdovščina, Bled, Brežice, Črna na Koroškem, Črnomelj, Dravograd, Golnik, Grosuplje, Hrastnik, Idrija, Ilirska Bistrica, Izola, Kamnik, Kočevje, Koper, Kozina, Kranj, Krško, Lenart, Litija, Ljubljana, Ljutomer, Logatec, Luče, Maribor, Metlika, Miren, Mozirje, Murska Sobota, Nazarje, Nova Gorica, Novo Mesto, Ormož, Piran, Podčetrtek, Polhov Gradec, Postojna, Pragersko, Ptuj, Radeče, Radenci, Radlje ob Dravi, Radovljica, Ravne na Koroškem, Ribnica na Dolenjskem, Rogaška Slatina, Rogatec, Sevnica, Slovenj Gradec, Slovenske Konjice, Šempeter pri Novi Gorici, Šentjur, Škofja Loka, Tolmin, Trebnje, Tržič, Velenje and Zagorje.
Harvestmen were collected manually, by sieving ground materials and by pit-fall trapping. About 50 different habitat types were investigated. Beside non-urban habitats (e.g. small meadows, scrubs, patches of rural land etc.), semi-natural (e.g. parks, gardens, cemeteries etc.) and urban ones (building walls, bridges, accumulations of building- and waste materials etc.) have been investigated. Cellars and wells were not treated because special methods would have been needed.
Results
40 harvestman species and one subspecies found in urban centres in Slovenia are shown in List 1 and in the systematic review. The material is preserved in the Prirodoslovni muzej Slovenije (Slovenian Museum of Natural History) in Ljubljana
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and by the authors. Roewervs (1917,1923, 1950) and unproved Hadzfs data for their vague value can not be taken into account (cf. Novak et Gruber 2000). For the iniciáis, see Acknowledgements.
List 1: Taxonomical review of harvestman species (Opiliones) found in urban centres in Slovenia till 2002
Taxon	No / %
Number of species in urban centres, N = 44	of inhabited urban
Total number of species in Slovenia, N = 65	centres; N = 58
Sironidae		
Siro duricorius (JOSEPH, 1868)	9	14.3
Nemastomatidae		
Nemastoma bidentatum bidentatum ROEWER, 1914	5	7.9
Nemastoma bidentatum sparsum GRUBER et MARTENS, 1968	13	20.6
Nemastoma bidentatum bidentatum x sparsum	1	1.6
Paranemastoma quadripunctatum (PERTY, 1833)	7	11.1
Histricostoma dentipalpe (ÄUSSERER, 1867)	5	7.9
Carino stoma carinatum (ROEWER, 1914)	1	1.6
Mitostoma chrysometas (HERMANN, 1804)	1	1.6
Dicranolasmatidae		
Dicranolasma scabrum (HERBST, 1799)	2	3.2
Trogulidae		
Trogulus gr. tricarinatus LINNAEUS, 1767	1	1.6
Trogulus gr. nepaéformis (SCOPOLI, 1763)	19	30.2
Trogulus tingiformis C. L. KOCH, 1848	1	1.6
Ischyropsalididae		
Ischyropsalis hellwigi hellwigi (PANZER, 1794)	2	3.2
Ischyropsalis kollari C. L. KOCH, 1839	1	1.6
Phalangiidae		
Phalangium opilio LINNAEUS, 1761	31	49.2
Metaphalangium cirtanum (C. L. KOCH, 1839)	2	3.2
Opilio parietinus (DE GEER, 1778)	18	28.6
Opilio saxatilis C. L. KOCH, 1839	25	39.7
Opilio dinaricus SILHAVY, 1938	4	6.3
Opilio ruzickai SILHAVY, 1938	3	4.8
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Opilio transversalis ROEWER, 1956	2	3.2
Opilio canestrinii (THORELL, 1876)	1	1.6
Platybunus bucephalus (C. L. KOCH, 1835)	4	6.3
Rilaena triangularis (HERBST, 1799)	4	6.3
Dasylobus graniferus (CANESTRINI, 1871)	1	1.6
Lophopilio palpinalis (HERBST, 1799)	2	3.2
Egaenus convexus (C. L. KOCH, 1835)	3	4.8
Oligolophus tridens (C. L. KOCH, 1836)	12	19.0
Lacinius horridus (PANZER, 1794)	2	3.2
Lacinius dentiger (C. L. KOCH, 1848)	12	19.0
Lacinius ephippiatus (C. L. KOCH, 1835)	4	6.3
Odiellus spinosus (BOSC, 1792)	3	4.8
Mitopus morio (FABRICIUS, 1799)	2	3.2
Gyas titanus SIMON, 1879	1	1.6
Gyas annulatus (OLIVIER, 1791)	1	1.6
Amilenus aurantiacus (SIMON, 1881)	2	3.2
Astrobunus laevipes (CANESTRINI, 1872)	5	7.9
Astrobunus hellen (ÄUSSERER, 1867)	3	4.8
Leiobunum roseum C. L. KOCH, 1839	4	6.3
Leiobunum limbatum L. KOCH, 1861	4	6.3
Leiobunum rotundum (LATREILLE, 1798)	19	30.2
Leiobunum rupestre (HERBST, 1799)	11	17.5
Nelima semproni SZALAY, 1951	31	49.2
Systematic review of harvestman species (Opiliones) found in urban centres
of Slovenia
Sironidae
Siro duricorius (JOSEPH, 1868)
Ribnica, VL76, 6.9.2000, MM leg.: 1 m - TN 827/2000; ibid., 6.9.2000, MM leg.: 1 m, 3 f TN 830/2000; Kočevje, VL85, 6.9.2000, MM leg.: 1 m, 1 f TN 820/2000; ibid., 6.9.2000, MM leg.: 2 m, 1 f - TN 824/2000; Litija, VM80, 10.9.2000, MM leg.: 1 f - TN 808/2000; ibid., 10.9.2000, MM leg.: 1 m, 1 f TN 833/2000; Novo Mesto, WL17, 31.8.2000, MM leg.: 1 m TN 812/2000; ibid., 31.8.2000, MM leg.: 2 mm - TN 813/2000; Trebnje, WL09, 29.8.2000, MM leg.: 1 m, 1 f - TN 790/2000; Metlika, WL25, 31.8.2000,
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MM leg.: 1 m - TN 815/2000; ibid., 31.8.2000, MM leg.: 1 f - TN 817/2000; Brežice, WL48, 30.8.2000, MM leg.: 2 m, 1 f TN 791/2000; ibid., 30.8.2000, MM leg.: 1 m, 1 f TN 793/2000; Hrastnik, WM01, 30.8.2000, MM leg.: 1 m, 1 f TN 807/2000; Dravograd, WM06, Robindvor, 25.10.1995, SH, MP leg.: 1 f - LS 114/1996 (Hudrap et Pavlin, 1996).
Nemastomatidae
Nemastoma bidentatum bidentatum ROEWER, 1914
Idrija, VL29, Skirca, 10.6.2000, LS, TN leg.: 1 m TN 137/2000; ibid., Brusovše, 6.1997, MV leg.: 1 f-TN 1702/1998; Ljubljana, VM50, pod Prevalom, 18.3.1993, SB leg.: 1 f-TN 664/1998; ibid., VM60, 6.1972: 12 m, 29 f-TN 518/1981, JG det.; Kamnik, VM62, 29.10.2000, NŽ, L Ž leg.: 1 m, 2 f TN 885/2000; Radlje, WM16, 2.7.1939: 1 f TN 334/1983; ibid., 15.5.1966, IL leg.: 1 f - Mozirje, VM93 (Hadži 1973a, sub N. s.fasciata) TN 510/1981; ibid., 15.5.1966, IL leg.: 1 f - TN 513/1981, JG det.; ibid., 12.6.1966, IL leg.: 1 m - TN 514/1981; ibid., 12.6.1966, IL leg.: 1 m - TN 517/1981; ibid., 10.7.1966, IL leg.: 1 f - TN 525/1981, JG det.; ibid., 8.8.1966, IL leg.: 1 f - TN 512/1981; ibid., 26.8.1966, IL leg.: 3 mm TN 511/1981; ibid., 26.8.1966, IL leg.: 1 f TN 512/1981, JG det.; ibid., 26.8.1966, IL leg.: 1 f - TN 524/1981, JG det.; ibid., 26.8.1966, IL leg.: 2 f - TN 515/1981, JG det.; ibid., 9.9.1966, IL leg.: 1 f - TN 152/1982, JG det.; ibid., 9.9.1966, IL leg.: 1 f - TN 516/1981, JG det.; ibid., 9.9.1966, IL leg.: lf - TN 671/1981; Celje, WM22, 30.10.2000, NŽ, LŽ leg.: 1 m - TN 881/2000.
Nemastoma bidentatum sparsum GRUBER et MARTENS, 1968
Ribnica, VL76, 6.9.2000, MM leg.: 2 m, 3 f - TN 828/2000; ibid., 6.9.2000, MM leg.: 1 m, 2 f TN 831/2000; Litija, VM80, 10.9.2000, MM leg.: 1 m TN 809/2000; ibid., 10.9.2000, MM leg.: 2 f TN 834/2000; Kočevje, VL85, 6.9.2000, MM leg.: 3 f TN 822/2000; ibid., 6.9.2000, MM leg.: 1 m, 1 f TN 825/2000; Trebnje, WL09, 29.8.2000, MM leg.: 2 m TN 787/2000; ibid., 29.8.2000, MM leg.: 1 f TN 788/2000; Črnomelj, WL14, atthe cave Gadina, 15.8.1999, MŠ, TN leg.: 1 f - TN 221/1999; Novo Mesto, WL17, date?, SK leg.: 1 m, 1 f - TN 108/1983 m; ibid., 31.8.2000, MM leg.: 1 m, 1 f - TN 811/2000; ibid., 31.8.2000, MM leg.: 1 f - TN 814/2000; Metlika, WL25, Sv. Urban, 18.04.1996, SB leg.: 1 m, 2 f - TN 784/1998; ibid., 31.8.2000, MM leg.: 3 f - TN 816/2000; ibid., 31.8.2000, MM leg.: 1 m - TN 818/2000; Sevnica, WL29, 29.8.2000, MM leg.: 1 m, 1 f - TN 785/2000; Krško, WL39, 23.8.2000, MM leg.: 1 f - TN 704/2000; ibid., 24.8.2000, MM leg.: 1 m - TN 709/2000; ibid., 25.8.2000, MM leg.: 1 m - TN 714/2000; ibid., 25.8.2000, MM leg.: 1 m -TN 716/2000; Brežice, WL48, 30.8.2000, MM leg.: 1 m - TN 792/2000; ibid., 30.8.2000, MM leg.: 1 m - TN 794/2000; Hrastnik, WM01, 30.8.2000, MM leg.: 3 f - TN 802/2000; ibid., 30.8.2000, MM leg.: 2 f - TN 806/2000; Radeče, WM10, 29.8.2000, MM leg.: 2 f TN 796/2000; ibid., 29.8.2000, MM leg.: 1 f TN 801/2000; Radenci, WM86, 20.9.1983, LS leg.: 2 m, 2 f - LS 119/1983; ibid., 13.11.1983, MF, LS leg.: 1 f-LS 111/1983.
Nemastoma bidentatum bidentatum x sparsum
Ptuj, WM 64, 6.8.1983, TN, MŠ, LS leg.: 3 m, 3 f - TN 77/1983.
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Paranemastoma quaclripunctatum (PERTY, 1833)
Idrija, VL29, Brusovše, 6.1997, MV leg.: 2 mm TN 1701/1998; ibid., cemetery, 17.6.2000, LS, TN leg.: 1 m, 1 f, 1 iuv. TN 191/2000; Golnik, VM43, 15.6.1929, JH leg.: 1 f TN 180/1981; Ljubljana, VM50, pod Prevalom, 18.3.1993, SB leg.: 1 iuv. TN 663/1998; Novo Mesto, WL17, 31.8.2000, MM leg.: 1 iuv. TN 810/2000; Hrastnik, WM01, 30.8.2000, MM leg.: 1 iuv. TN 803/2000; Radlje, WM16, 2.7.1939: 1 f TN 333/1983; Ptuj, WM 64, 6.8.1983, TN, MŠ, LS leg.: lm, 3 ff, 3 iuv. - LS 82/1983.
Histricostoma dentipalpe (AUSSERER, 1867)
Kočevje, VL85, 6.9.2000, MM leg.: 1 f TN 823/2000; Mozirje, VM93, 9.7.1929, JH leg.: 1 m - TN 211/1981; Metlika, WL25, 31.8.2000, MM leg.: 1 f - TN 819/2000; Brežice, WL48, 30.8.2000, MM leg.: 1 f - TN 795/2000; Radeče, WM10, 29.8.2000, MM leg.: 1 f -TN 798/2000.
Carinostoma carinatum (ROEWER, 1914)
Idrija, VL29, 17.6.2000, LS, TN leg.: 1 f - TN 183/2000; ibid., cemetery, 17.6.2000, LS, TN leg.: lm, 1 f - TN 193/2000.
Mitostoma chrysomelas (HERMANN, 1804)
Radeče, WM10, 29.8.2000, MM leg.: 1 f - TN 799/2000.
Dicranolasmatidae
Dicranolasma scabrum (HERBST, 1799)
Idrija, VL29, 17.6.2000, LS, TN leg.: 2 m, 1 f, 3 iuv. TN 186/2000.
Trogulidae
Trogulus gr. tricarinatus LINNAEUS, 1767
Idrija, VL29, 17.6.2000, LS, TN leg.: 1 f - TN 182/2000.
Trogulus gr. nepaeformis (SCOPOLI, 1763)
Piran, UL84, 29.9.2000, MM leg.: 1 m, 1 iuv. - TN 843/2000; Portorož, UL84 (Neuffer 1980); Koper, UL94, 30.9.2000, MM leg.: 1 f, 1 iuv. TN 837/2000; Izola, UL94, 29.9.2000, MM leg.: 2 iuv. - TN 840/2000; Miren, UL98, 6.8.1973, IS leg.: 2 m, 1 f - TN 537/1981; ibid., 6.8.1973: 1 m - TN 538/81; Kobarid, UM82 (Marcellino 1968); Šempeter pri Novi gorici, UM98, 03.8.1973, IS leg.: 1 m - TN 562/1981; ibid., 31.8.1973, IS leg.: 2 f TN 551/1981; ibid., 31.8.1973, IS leg.: 1 iuv. TN 560/1981; Idrija, VL29, Brusovše, 6.1997, MV leg.: 1 m, 1 f, 1 iuv. - TN 1712/1998; ibid., Skirca, 10.6.2000, LS, TN leg.: 3 m, 2 ff, 2 subad., 1 iuv. TN 135/2000; ibid., 17.6.2000, LS, TN leg.: 1 m, 1 f, 1 iuv. TN
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187/2000; ibid., Ejnštat, LS, TN leg.: 3 m, 1 iuv. - TN 222/2000; Ribnica, VL76, 6.9.2000, MM leg.: 2 iuv. TN 829/2000; ibid., 6.9.2000, MM leg.: 1 iuv. - TN 832/2000; Kočevje, VL85 (Neuffer 1980), ibid., 6.9.2000, MM leg.: 1 iuv. - TN 821/2000; ibid., 6.9.2000, MM leg.: 1 iuv. - TN 826/2000; Radovljica, VM33, 8.1938, LK leg.: 1 f - TN 568/1981; Škofja Loka, VM41, Moškrin, 6.1997, IM leg.: 2 m, 4 ff, 9 iuv. TN 1700/1998; ibid., Grenc, 6.1997, ZK leg.: 1 f, 1 iuv. TN 1737/1998; Kranj, VL42, 20.10.1928, RK leg.: 1 iuv. TN 45/1985; Golnik, VM43, 05.6.1929: 1 m, 1 iuv. - TN 577/1981; Ljubljana, VM50, 6.1972: 5 m, 2 ff, 1 iuv. - TN 535/1981 (rev. 1985); ibid., 6.1972: 1 m - TN 550/1981; ibid., 6.1972: 1 f-TN 564/1981; ibid.: 1 m - TN 581/1981; ibid., VL69, Rudnik, 1969: 1 f - TN 573/1981; Trebnje, WL09, 29.8.2000, MM leg.: 1 iuv. TN 789/2000; Sevnica, WL29, 29.8.2000, MM leg.: 1 iuv. TN 784/2000; ibid., 29.8.2000, MM leg.: 1 iuv. TN 786/2000; Krško, WL39, 23.8.2000, MM leg.: 3 mm - TN 703/2000; ibid., 23.8.2000, MM leg.: 2 iuv. TN 706/2000; ibid., 24.8.2000, MM leg.: 1 m - TN 708/2000; Hrastnik, WM01, 30.8.2000, MM leg.: 1 iuv. - TN 804/2000; ibid., 30.8.2000, MM leg.: 1 f - TN 805/2000; Radeče, WM10, 29.8.2000, MM leg.: 1 iuv. - TN 797/2000; ibid., 29.8.2000, MM leg.: 1 iuv. - TN 800/2000; Podčetrtek, WM41, 7.1980: 1 m, 1 f - TN 329/1982; Slovenj Gradec, WM05, Ozare, TN vide several times.
Trogulus tingiformis C. L. KOCH, 1848
Slovenj Gradec, WM05, Ozare, 4.12.2001, TN leg.: 1 f TN 10/202.
Ischyropsalididae
Ischyropsalis hellwigi hellwigi (PANZER, 1794)
Črnomelj, WL14, the cave Gadina (=Žopenca) (Hadži 1926/27, sub I. pectinifera; Hadži 1942: Gadina jama, sub I. taumca), 1905, AK leg.: 1 ex. - TN 48/1983 m.
Ischyropsalis kollari C. L. KOCH, 1839
Slovenj Gradec, WM05, Ozare, 19.8.1992, TN leg.: 1 m TN 99/1997.
Phalangiidae
Phalangium opilio LINNAEUS, 1761
Nova Gorica, UL98, 14.8.1973, IS leg.: 1 m subad., 1 f subad. TN 198/1981; ibid., 7.10.1973, IS leg.: 1 iuv. - TN 139/1982; Nova Gorica, UL99, Rožna dolina, 13.7.1973, IS leg.: 1 m-TN 113/1982 (rev. 1985); ibid., 28.8.1973, IS leg.:2ff, 1 iuv. - TN 84/1982; ibid., 8.9.1973, IS leg.: 1 f - TN 129/1982; ibid., 20.9.1973, IS leg.: 1 m - TN 201/1981; Šempeter pri Novi Gorici, UL98, 03.8.1973, IS leg.: 2 m, 1 f - TN 102/1982; ibid., 24.8.1973, IS leg.: 3 iuv. TN 391/1982; ibid., 14.9.1973, IS leg.: 4 iuv. TN 177/1982; ibid., 21.9.1973, IS leg.: 1 iuv - TN 179/1982; ibid., 28.9.1973, IS leg.: 1 f TN 414/1981; ibid., 28.9.1975: 1 iuv. TN 171/1982; ibid., 28.9.1975, IS leg.: 5 iuv. - TN 196/1981; Koper, VL04, 9.1973: 1 m, 1 f - TN 88/1982; ibid., Škocjan, 03.7.1973: 1 iuv - TN 159/1982; Ajdovščina, VL18, 10.8.1973: 1 m - TN 478/1981; Idrija, VL29, 17.6.2000, LS, TN leg.: 1 iuv. - TN 184/2000;
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ibid., 2.9.2000, LS, TN leg.: 1 f - TN 699/2000; Postojna, VL36, 30.9.2000, NČ, NŽ leg.: 1 m TN 751/2000; ibid., 30.9.2000, NČ, NŽ leg.: 2 mm TN 748/2000; Ribnica, VL76, 28.7.2000, MM leg.: 2 f TN 625/2000; ibid., 28.7.2000, MM leg.: 1 m TN 584/2000; Grosuplje, VL 79, 8.1922, FK leg.: 2 f TN 171/1985; ibid., 8.1922, FK leg.: 1 m TN 175/1985; ibid., 8.1922, FK leg.: 2 f TN 179/1985; ibid., 8.1922, FK leg.: 1 m, 1 f, 1 iuv. - TN 185/1985; ibid., 8.1922, FK leg.: 1 m, 4 f - TN 186/1985; ibid. 8.1922, FK leg., 9.1923: 1 m, 1 f TN 189/1985; Kočevje, VL85, 28.7.2000, MM leg.: 1 m TN 630/2000; Bled, VM33, 01.-11.3.1963, JH leg.: 2 mm LS 27/1986; ibid., 1963, JH leg.: 2 ff, 2 iuv. - LS 31/1986; Polhov Gradec, VM40, 18.8.1929, JH leg.: 5 m, 2 f TN 253/1982; Škofja Loka, VM41, Grenc, 6.1997, ZK leg.: 1 f, 1 iuv. - TN 1734/1998; Ljubljana, VM50, 6.1972: 1 m TN 648/1981; ibid., Kodeljevo, 05.1931, LK leg.: 2 iuv. - TN 169/1983; ibid., Večna pot, 25.6.1939, JH leg.: 4 iuv. TN 437/1983; ibid., Šentvid, 10.7.1993, AL leg.: 6 iuv. TN 1392/1998; ibid., Mirje, date?: 1 m TN 605/1981 (rev. 1985); Kranj, VM52, NŽ leg., 28.9.2000: 1 m, 1 f TN 861/2000; Nazarje, VM93, 7.7.1985, DD leg.: 1 iuv. TN 1325/1998; Mozirje, VM93, 03.7.1929, JH leg.: 3 iuv. TN 614/1981, JH det.; ibid., 9.7.1929, JH leg.: 1 m iuv. - TN 375/1981; ibid., 10.7.1929, JH leg.: 3 iuv. - TN 608/1981; ibid., 10.7.1929, JH leg.: 1 iuv. - TN 257/1982; Črna na Koroškem, VM95, 22.7.1974, TN leg.: 1 f - TN 195/1981; Ravne na Koroškem, VM95, NČ, BFleg.: 2 m, 5 f - TN 735/2000; 28.7.2000, NČ, BF leg.: 1 m, 1 f TN 790/2000; ibid., 12.8.2000, NČ, BF leg.: 1 f - TN 740/2000; ibid.., 12.8.2000, NČ, BF leg: 2 m, 5 f TN 735/2000; ibid., 28.7.2000, NČ, BF leg.: 2 m, 3 f - TN 744/2000; Sevnica, WL29, 26.7.2000, M leg.: 1 m - TN 588/2000; Krško, WL39, 26.7.2000, MM leg.: 2 mm TN 610/2000; ibid., 26.7.2000, MM leg.: 1 m TN 586/2000; ibid., 24.8.2000, MM leg.: 1 f TN 710/2000; Brežice, WL48, 26.7.2000, MM leg.: 1 m TN 617/2000; ibid., 26.7.2000, MM leg.: 1 m, 1 f TN 619/2000; Hrastnik, WM01, 27.7.2000, MM leg.: 1 m - TN 635/2000; ibid.., 27.7.2000, MM leg: 2 m, 1 f - TN 633/2000; Velenje, WM03, 26.9.2000, NŽ leg.: 1 f TN 870/2000; Slovenj Gradec, WM05, 22.7.1974, TN leg.: 4 iuv. TN 135/1982; Radlje, WM16, 2.7.1939: 2 iuv. TN 336/1983; ibid., 12.6.1966, IL leg.: 4 iuv. - TN 200/1982; ibid., 27.6.1966, IL leg.: 1 m, 1 f,
1	iuv. - TN 94/1982; ibid.: 1 iuv. - TN 96/1982; ibid., 10.7.1966, IL leg.: 1 f-TN 150/1982; ibid., 27.7.1966, IL leg.: 2 m, 1 f TN 174/1982; ibid., 26.8.1966, IL leg.: 1 m TN 178/1982; Celje, WM22, Spodnji grad, 22.8.2000, NŽ leg.: 1 f TN 872/2000; Slovenske Konjice, WM33, 17.8.1983 TN, LS leg.: 1 m - LS 212/1983; Podčetrtek, WM41, 7.1980:
2	iuv. TN 143/1982; Pragersko, WM 54, 17.8.1983, LS, TN leg.: 1 m TN 201/1983; Maribor, WM46, 24.7.2000, NČ, NŽ, TN, BF leg.: 1 m, 3 f - TN 780/2000; ibid., WM55, 10.8.1982, DD leg.: 1 f - LS 168/1985; ibid., 04.10.2000, NČ leg.: 1 m - TN 772/2000; Ptuj, WM 64, 6.8.1983, TN, MŠ, LS leg.: 4ff TN 267/1984; ibid., 23.7.1983, TN, MŠ, MF, LS leg.: 2 m, 3 f - TN 316/1984; Gornja Radgona, WM77, 20.6.1982, MH leg.: 2 iuv. TN 574/1982; Radenci, WM86, 1982, MF leg.: 2 mm - TN 519/1982; ibid., 10.7.1983, MF, LS leg.: 1 m, 1 m iuv., 4 ff, 2 f iuv. - LS 28/1983; Ormož, WM94, 23.7.1983, TN, MŠ, MF, LS leg.: 3 m, 2 f - LS 166/1983; Ormož, WM 94, 23.7.1983, leg.: TN, MŠ, LS leg.: 3 m, 2 f TN 218/1983; Murska Sobota, WM97, 1981, VK, TN leg.: 1 m TN 199/1981; ibid., 10.8.1973, IS leg.: 1 f - TN 415/1981; ibid., 28.9.1973, IS leg.: 1 f - TN 477/1981.
Metaphalangium cirtanum (C. L. KOCH, 1839)
Šempeter pri Novi Gorici, UL98, 21.9.1973, IS leg.: 1 iuv. TN 260/1982; Nova Gorica, UL99, 12.7.1973, IS leg.: 1 m, 1 f - TN 331/1982; ibid., 10.9.1973, IS leg.: 2 iuv. -
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TN 193/1982, JG det.; ibid., Rožna dolina, 13.7.1973, IS leg. 2 m, 3 f - TN 114/1982; ibid., 28.8.1973, IS leg.: 1 f - TN 85/1982.
Opilio parietinus (DE GEER, 1778)
Izola, UL94, 29.9.2000, MM leg.: 1 m - TN 838/2000; Postojna, VL36, 9.8.1963: 2 m, 3 ff, 5 iuv. - TN 355/1983; ibid., 30.9.2000, NČ, NŽ leg.: 1 f - TN 719/2000; Grosuplje, VL 79, 8.1922, FK leg.: 2 m, 10 ff, 12 iuv. - LS 172/1985; ibid.: 1 m, 1 f, 1 iuv. - LS 185/1985; ibid., 9.1923: 7 m, 6 ff, 5 iuv. - LS 188/1985; Polhov Gradec, VM40, 18.8.1929, JH leg.: 1 f TN 248a/1982; Škofja Loka, VM41, 28.9.2000, NŽ leg.: 1 iuv. - TN 844/2000; ibid., 28.9.2000, NŽ leg.: 2 mm TN 851/2000; Ljubljana, VM50, Mirje, autumn 1926, JH leg.: 1 m TN 31/1983 m; ibid., autumn 1926, JH leg.: 1 m - TN 32/1983 m; ibid., autumn 1926, JH leg.: 1 m - TN 33/1983 m; ibid., autumn 1926, JH leg.: 1 f - TN 100/1985 m; ibid., autumn 1926, JH leg.: legs - TN 108/1985 m; ibid., autumn 1926, JH leg.: 1 chelicera - TN 129/1985 m; ibid., VM60 (Hadži, 1928a; b); Kamnik, VM62, 29.10.2000, NŽ, LŽ leg.: 1 m TN 889/2000; Krško, WL39, 24.8.2000, MM leg.: 1 m - TN 711/2000; ibid., 25.8.2000, MM leg.: 1 iuv. TN 715/2000; Radlje, WM16, 9.1923: 7 m, 6 ff, 5 iuv. - TN 188/1985; ibid., 2.7.1939: 1 m -TN 337/1983; ibid., 29.9.1981, TN leg.: 1 f - TN 387/1982, JG det.; Velenje, WM03, Pesje, 26.9.2000, NŽ leg.: 1 f - TN 860/2000; Slovenj Gradec, WM05, 7.7.1973, TN leg.: 1 f iuv. -TN 388/1982, JG det.; Dravograd, WM06, 18.7.1982, LS, TN leg.: 2 m, 7 iuv. - TN 517/1982; Šentjur, WM32, Hruševec, 28.9.2000, NŽ leg.: 1 m, 3 ff, 1 iuv. TN 847/2000; Rogatec, WM52, 20.6.1982, LP leg.: 1 m - TN 506/1982 (rev. 1986); Maribor, WM55, 10.8.1982, DD leg.: 1 m - LS 167/1985; Ptuj, WM64, 4.10.2000, NČ, BF leg.: 1 m TN 767/2000; Gornja Radgona, WM77, 20.6.1982, MH leg.: 1 m - TN 575/1982; ibid., 27.9.2000, NČ, BF leg.: 1 m, 2 f - TN 723/2000; Murska Sobota, WM97, 1981, VK, TN leg.: 1 m - TN 200/1981; ibid., 01.6.1981, TN leg.: 1 iuv. TN 395/1982, JG det.; ibid., 05.6.1982, TN leg.: 1 iuv. TN 402/1982, JG det.; ibid., 10.6.1982, TN leg.: 7 iuv. TN 442/1982; ibid., 10.9.1981, TN leg.:
1	f-TN 371/1982; ibid., 15.9.1981, TN leg.: 1 iuv. - LS 64/1986; ibid., 16.9.1981, TN leg.: 1 iuv. - TN 121/1982, JG det.; ibid., NČ, BF leg., 25.9.2000: 1 f - TN 728/2000.
Opilio samtilis C. L. KOCH, 1839
Piran, UL84, 29.9.2000, MM leg.: 3 mm TN 841/2000; Izola, UL94, 29.9.2000, MM leg.: 1 f, 2 iuv. - TN 839/2000; Rožna dolina, Nova Gorica, UL99, 20.9.1973, IS leg.: 1 iuv.
TN 157/1982; Koper, UL94, 30.9.2000, MM leg.: 2 ff, 1 iuv.(m) TN 836/2000; Luka Koper, VL04, 24.7.1973, IS leg.: 1 m, 5 f - TN 38/1982 (rev. 1986); ibid., 2.8.1973, IS leg.: 1 f TN 365/1982; Kozina, VL15, 6.1995, SŠ leg.: 2 mm TN 1546/1998; Postojna, VL36, 30.9.2000, NČ, NŽ leg.: 1 m - TN 763/2000; ibid., 30.9.2000, NČ, NŽ leg.: 1 m - TN 752/2000; Ilirska Bistrica, VL44, 30.9.2000, NČ, NŽ leg.: 1 f - TN 759/2000; ibid., 30.9.2000, NČ leg.:
2	mm - TN 746/2000; Bled,VM33, 10.1931, LK leg.: 1 m-TN 16/1981; Škofja Loka, VM41, 28.9.2000, NŽ leg.: 1 f TN 845/2000; ibid., 28.9.2000, NŽ leg.: 2 f TN 846/2000; ibid., 28.9.2000, NŽ leg.: 1 m, 1 f, 1 iuv. TN 848/2000; ibid., 28.9.2000, NŽ leg.: 1 m ,6 f TN 852/2000; Kranj, VM42, 28.9.2000, NŽ leg.: 1 m, 2 f - TN 849/2000; Polhov Gradec, VM40, 18.8.1929, JH leg.: 4 f TN 248/1982; Ljubljana, VM 50, Mirje, date?: 1 f - TN 606/1981; ibid., autumn, 1926, JH leg.: 1 m TN 35/1983 m; ibid., 24.10.1929, JH leg.: 1 m TN 145/1983, JG det. 1985; ibid., Šiška, 29.10.2000, NŽ, LŽ leg.: 1 m TN 883/2000; Kranj, VM52, 29.10.2000, NŽ, LŽ leg.: 1 f - TN 876/2000; ibid., 29.10.2000, NŽ, LŽ leg.: 2 mm -TN 887/2000; Ljubljana, VM60, castle, 4.6.1927, JH leg.: 1 m, 1 f - TN 26/1982; ibid., Nove
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Jarše, NČ, NŽ leg., 30.9.2000: 2 mm - TN 749/2000; ibid., Bežigrad, NČ, NŽ leg., 30.9.2000:
2	m, 1 iuv. - TN 750/2000; Kamnik, VM62, 27.9.2000, NŽ leg.: 4 mm - TN 850/2000; ibid., 27.9.2000, NŽ leg.: 3 m, 1 f - TN 855/2000; ibid., 27.9.2000, NŽ leg.: 1 m, 5 f - TN 866/2000; ibid., 27.9.2000, NŽ leg.: 1 m, 1 f, 1 iuv. - TN 868/2000; ibid., 29.10.2000, NŽ, LŽ leg.: 1 m
TN 891/2000; ibid., 29.10.2000, NŽ, LŽ leg.: 1 m - TN 890/2000; Ravne na Koroškem, VM95, 12.8.2000, NČ, BF leg.: 4 iuv. - TN 718/2000; Velenje, WM03, 26.9.2000, NŽ leg.: 3 m, 2 f TN 856/2000; ibid., 26.9.2000, NŽ leg.: 1 m, 2 iuv. TN 871/2000; ibid., Pesje, 26.9.2000, NŽ leg.: 4 mm - TN 859/2000; Celje, WM22, 26.9.2000, NŽ, LŽ leg.: 1 m, 4 iuv. TN 857/2000; ibid., 28.9.2000, NŽ leg.: 2 m, 2 f - TN 865/2000; ibid., 30.10.2000, NŽ leg.: 1 f - TN 888/2000; ibid., Staro Celje, 22.8.2000, NŽ leg.: 1 f, 2 iuv. TN 853/2000; Krško, WL39, 23.8.2000, MM leg.: 1 f TN 707/2000; ibid., 24.8.2000, MM leg.: 2 iuv. TN 712/2000; ibid., 25.8.2000, MM leg.: 1 iuv. - TN 713/2000; Brežice, WL48, 26.7.2000, MM leg.: 1 m - TN 622/2000; Rogatec, WM52, 20.6.1982, LP leg.: 1 m, 3 f - TN 507/1982; Ptuj, WM64, 04.10.2000, NČ, BF leg.: 2 m, 2 f - TN 771/2000; ibid., 04.10.2000, NČ, BF leg.: 3 m, 1 f - TN 768/2000; Gornja Radgona, WM77, 27.9.2000, NČ, BF leg.: 4 m, 5 ff, 2 iuv. - TN 724/2000; ibid., 27.9.2000, NČ, BF leg.: 5 m, 1 f - TN 725/2000; ibid., 27.9.2000, NČ, BF leg.:
3	mm - TN 717/2000; ibid., 27.9.2000, NČ, BF leg.: 1 m, 1 f - TN 766/2000; Murska Sobota, WM97, 04.7.1980, VK, TN leg.: 2 mm - TN 373/1982; ibid., 15.9.1981, TN leg. 1 m - TN 370/1982 (rev. 1986); ibid., 16.9.1981, TN leg.: 2 ff, 5 iuv. - TN 121/1982; ibid., 25.9.2000, NČ, BF leg.: 4 m, 7 iuv. TN 731/2000; ibid., 25.9.2000, NČ, BF leg.: 1 m, 2 ff, 1 iuv. - TN 732/2000; ibid., 25.9.2000, NČ, BF leg.: 1 m, 1 f, 1 iuv. - TN 727/2000.
Opilio dinaricus ŠILHAVY, 1938
Nova Gorica, UL98, 10.9.1973, IS leg.: 2 f - TN 194/1982; Škofja Loka, VM41, Grenc, 9.1996, ZK leg.: 1 m - TN 1704/1998; Ljubljana, VM50, 1921: 1 f TN 131/1983; ibid., Kodeljevo, 05.1931, LK leg.: 2 ff, 2 iuv. - TN 170/1983; Radlje, WM16, 12.6.1966, IL leg.: 1 f, 14 iuv.-TN 218/1982 (rev. 1986); ibid., 27.6.1966, IL leg.: 7 m, 3 f - TN 95/1982; ibid., 10.7.1966, IL leg.: 2 f - TN 151/1982; ibid., 10.7.1966, IL leg.: 3 mm - TN 188/1982; ibid., 27.7.1966, IL leg.: 1 m, 2 f - TN 176/1982.
Opilio ruzickai ŠILHAVY, 1938
Bled, VM33, 27.7.year?, JH leg.: 1 m - TN 406/1983; Radovljica, VM33 (Hadži 1973a, b, sub O. pictus); Kranj, VM52, 29.10.2000, NŽ, LŽ leg.: 1 f - TN 878/2000.
Opilio transversalis ROEWER, 1956
Nova Gorica, UL99 (Gruber 1984); 21.9.1973, IS leg.: 1 m TN 132/1982, JG det.; Ilirska Bistrica, VL44, 30.9.2000, NČ, NŽ leg.: 1 m - TN 761/2000.
Opilio canestrimi (THORELL, 1876)
Ljubljana, VM50, Šiška, 30.9.2000, NČ, NŽ leg.: 1 m - TN 753/2000; ibid., 29.10.2000, NŽ leg.: 1 m - TN 873/2000.
Platybumis bucephalus (C. L. KOCH, 1835)
Ljubljana, VM50, 1933, JH leg.: 1 f TN 341/1983; Metlika, WL25, Sv. Urban, 18.04.1996, SB leg.: 2 iuv. - TN 785/1998; Dravograd, WM06, Robindvor, 25.10.1995, SH,
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MP leg.: 2 iuv. LS 63/1996 (Hudrap et Pavlin 1996); Radenci, WM86, 13.11.1983, LS, MSN, TN leg.: 1 iuv. f - LS 23/1984.
Rilaena triangularis (HERBST, 1799)
Ljubljana, VM50, near Gradaščica brook, 30.5.1927, JH leg.: 1 f - TN 683/1981; ibid., Večna pot, 14.6.1927, JH leg.: 3 m, 4 iuv. - TN 40/1982; ibid., VL60, Mestni log, 04.5.1967:
1	f TN 254/1982; Mozirje, VM93, 9.7.1929, JH leg.: 2 iuv. TN 369/1981; Radlje, WM16, 12.6.1966, IL leg.: 1 iuv. - TN 168/1982; Maribor, WM45, aside Razvanjski potok brook, 6.1997, MZ leg.: 2 m, 1 f - TN 1752/1998; ibid., WM55, 04.10.2000, NČ leg.: 1 iuv.
-	TN 769/2000; ibid., 04.10.2000, NČ leg.: 1 iuv. - TN 774/2000.
Dasylobus graniferus (CANESTRINI, 1871)
Nova Gorica, UL99, 10.9.1973: 1 iuv. - TN 137/1982 (rev. 1986).
Lophopilio palpinalis (HERBST, 1799)
Ljubljana, VM50, 6.1972: 3 m, 1 iuv. - TN 80/1982; Radlje, WM16, 15.5.1966, IL leg.:
2	iuv. - TN 611/1981; ibid., 15.5.1966, IL leg.: 2 iuv. - TN 30/1982; ibid., 29.5.1966, IL leg.: 1 iuv. - TN 39/1982; ibid., 29.5.1966, IL leg.: 4 iuv. - TN 172/1981; ibid., 29.5.1966, IL leg.: 1 iuv. - TN 659/1981; ibid., 12.6.1966, IL leg.: 2 iuv. TN 34/1982; ibid., 12.6.1966, IL leg.:
1	iuv. - TN 161/1982; ibid., 12.6.1966, IL leg.: 3 iuv. - TN 170/1981; ibid., 12.6.1966, IL leg.:
2	iuv. - TN 190/1982, JG det.; ibid., 12.6.1966, IL leg.: 1 iuv. - TN 640/1981; ibid., 27.6.1966, IL leg.: 1 iuv. - TN 48/1981; 27.6.1966, IL leg.: 1 iuv. - TN 643/1981; ibid., 10.7.1966, IL leg.: 1 iuv. - TN 6/1985; ibid., 27.7.1966, IL leg.: 1 iuv. - TN 196/1982; ibid., 27.7.1966: 1 iuv. TN 9/1985; ibid., 8.8.1966, IL leg.: 2 iuv. - TN 95/1981; ibid., 8.8.1966, IL leg.: 1 iuv. TN 148/1981; ibid., 8.8.1966, IL leg.: 1 iuv. - TN 167/1981; ibid., 8.8.1966, IL leg.: 6 iuv. - TN 2/1982; ibid., 8.8.1966, IL leg.: 1 iuv. TN 240/1982; ibid., 8.8.1966, IL leg.: 6 iuv. TN 17/1985; ibid., 8.8.1966, IL leg.: 1 iuv. TN 18/1985; ibid., 26.8.1966, IL leg.: 5 iuv. TN 57/1981; ibid., 26.8.1966, IL leg.: 1 iuv. TN 105/1981; ibid., 26.8.1966, IL leg.: 7 iuv. - TN 106/1981; ibid., 26.8.1966, IL leg.: 5 iuv. - TN 160/1981; ibid., 26.8.1966, IL leg.: 2 iuv. - TN 163/1981; ibid., 26.8.1966, IL leg.: 2 m, 3 f - TN 444/1981; ibid., 26.8.1966, IL leg.: 7 iuv. -TN 646/1981; ibid., 26.8.1966, IL leg.: 1 iuv. - TN 23/1985; ibid., 9.9.1966, IL leg.: 3 ff, 1 iuv.
-	TN 103/1981; ibid., 9.9.1966, IL leg.: 1 iuv. - TN 653/1981; ibid., 9.9.1966, IL leg.: 1 iuv. TN 660/1981; ibid., 9.9.1966, IL leg.: 4 iuv. - TN 662/1981.
Egaenus convexus (C. L. KOCH, 1835)
Kranj, VM42, 20.10.1928, RK leg.: 1 iuv. - TN 23/1983 m; Golnik, VM43, 15.6.1929, JH leg.: 2 f TN 633/1981; Radlje, WM16, 9.5.1966, IL leg.: 1 iuv. TN 69/1981; ibid., 15.5.1966, IL leg.: 1 iuv. - TN 242/1982; ibid., 29.5.1966, IL leg.: 2 ff, 1 iuv. - TN 486/1981; ibid., 12.6.1966, IL leg.: 3 f - TN 481/1981; ibid., 12.6.1966, IL leg.: 1 m - TN 483/1981; ibid., 12.6.1966, IL leg.: 1 f - TN 485/1981; ibid., 27.6.1966, IL leg.: 1 f TN 480/1981; ibid., 10.7.1966, IL leg.: 1 f - TN 482/1981; ibid., 27.7.1966, IL leg.: 1 f - TN 484/1981; ibid., 9.9.1966, IL leg.: 2 iuv. - TN 635/1981.
Oligolophus tridens (C. L. KOCH, 1836)
Postojna, VL36 (Di Caporiacco 1937); ibid., 30.9.2000, NČ, NŽ leg.: 3 mm TN 764/2000; Litija, VM80, 27.7.2000, MM leg.: 1 iuv. - TN 640/2000; Ravne na Koroškem,
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VM95, 28.7.2000, NČ, BF leg.: 1 f - TN 738/2000; Sevnica, WL29, 29.8.2000, MM leg.: lf TN 783/2000; Slovenj Gradec, WM05, 14.8.2000, NČ, BF leg.: 9 m, 6 ff, 3 subad. - TN 722/2000; ibid., 14.8.2000, NČ leg.: 1 m, 4 f TN 736/2000; Radlje, WM16, 2.7.1939: 1 iuv. - TN 53/1985; ibid., 29.5.1966, IL leg.: 5 iuv. TN 637/1981; ibid., 15.5.1966, IL leg.:
2	iuv. - TN 25/1982, JG det.; ibid., 15.5.1966, IL leg.: 1 iuv. - TN 238/1982, JG det.; ibid., 12.6.1966, IL leg.: 1 iuv. - TN 639/1981; ibid., 12.6.1966, IL leg.: 2 iuv. - TN 32/1982; ibid., 12.6.1966, IL leg.: 2 iuv. - TN 35/1982; ibid., 12.6.1966, IL leg.: 7 iuv. - TN 191/1982 (rev. 1985); ibid., 27.6.1966, IL leg.: 1 iuv. - TN 155/1981; ibid., 27.6.1966, IL leg.: 2 iuv. - TN 638/1981; ibid., 27.6.1966, IL leg.: 4 iuv. TN 439/1981; ibid., 27.6.1966, IL leg.: 5 iuv. TN 456/1981; ibid., 27.6.1966, IL leg.: 2 iuv. - TN 642/1981; ibid., 7.7.1966, IL leg.: 4 iuv.
-	TN 97/1981; ibid., 10.7.1966, IL leg.: 1 iuv. - TN 24/1981; ibid., 10.7.1966, IL leg.: 9 iuv.
-	TN 28/1981; ibid., 10.7.1966, IL leg.: 2 iuv. - TN 126/1981; ibid., 10.7.1966, IL leg.: 1 iuv. TN 364/1981; ibid., 10.7.1966, IL leg.: 3 iuv. - TN 657/1981; ibid., 10.7.1966, IL leg.: 4
iuv. - TN 667/1981; ibid., 27.7.1966, IL leg.: 8 iuv. - TN 128/1981; ibid., 27.7.1966, IL leg.: 10 iuv. - TN 131/1981; ibid., 27.7.1966, IL leg.: 1 iuv. - TN 6/1982, JG det.; ibid., 27.7.1966, IL leg.: 4 iuv. - TN 114/1982; ibid., 27.7.1966, IL leg.: 10 iuv. - TN 195/1982 (rev. 1985); ibid., 8.8.1966: 2 iuv. - TN 30/1981; ibid., 8.8.1966: 2 iuv. - TN 31/1981; ibid., 8.8.1966, IL leg.: 2 iuv. TN 84/1981; ibid., 8.8.1966, IL leg.: 2 iuv. TN 85/1981; ibid., 8.8.1966, IL leg.: 2 iuv. TN 86/1981; ibid., 8.8.1966, IL leg.: 4 iuv. TN 89/1981; ibid., 8.8.1966, IL leg.: 2 ff, 2 iuv. - TN 91/1981; ibid., 8.8.1966, IL leg.: 1 iuv. TN 92/1981; ibid., 8.8.1966, IL leg.: 1 iuv.-TN 93/1981; ibid., 8.8.1966, IL leg.: 11 iuv. - TN 140/1981; ibid., 8.8.1966, IL leg.: 6 iuv. TN 146/1981, JG det.; ibid., 8.8.1966, IL leg.: 1 iuv. TN 159/1981 (rev. 1985); ibid., 8.8.1966, IL leg.: 1 iuv. TN 359/1981; ibid., 8.8.1966, IL leg.: 2 iuv. TN 3/1982; ibid., 8.8.1966, IL leg.: 15 iuv. TN 184/1982 (rev. 1985); ibid., 8.8.1966, IL leg.:
3	iuv. TN 239/1982; ibid., 9.9.1966, IL leg.: 1 f - TN 88/1981; ibid., 9.9.1966, IL leg.: 2 f TN 104/1981; ibid., 26.8.1966: 1 f, 2 iuv. - TN 40/1981 (rev. 1985); ibid., 26.8.1966, IL
leg.: 1 f TN 73/1981; ibid., 26.8.1966, IL leg.: 3 iuv. TN 90/1981; ibid., 26.8.1966, IL leg.: 1 iuv. TN 149/1981; ibid., 26.8.1966, IL leg.: 1 f - TN 156/1981; ibid., 26.8.1966, IL leg.: 1 f TN 376/1981(rev. 1985); ibid., 26.8.1966, IL leg.: 1 f TN 432/1981; ibid., 26.8.1966, IL leg.: 2 iuv. - TN 434/1981; ibid., 26.8.1966, IL leg.: 2 iuv. - TN 443/1981 (rev. 1985); ibid., 26.8.1966, IL leg.: 2 iuv. - TN 645/1981; ibid., 26.8.1966, IL leg.: 3 m, 2 f - TN 163/1982 (rev. 1985); ibid., 26.8.1966, IL leg.: 1 f - TN 189/1982; ibid., 9.9.1966, IL leg.: 1 f, 1 iuv. TN 192/1982 (rev. 1985); ibid., 9.9.1966, IL leg.: 1 iuv. TN 241/1982; ibid., date?, 1966, IL leg.: 2 iuv. TN 28/1982; Celje, WM22, 28.9.2000, NŽ leg.: 1 m TN 864/2000; ibid., 30.10.2000, NŽ leg.: 4 mm TN 882/2000; Slovenske Konjice, WM33, 17.8.1983, LS, TN leg.: 10 iuv. LS 294/1985; Maribor, WM46, 24.7.2000, NČ, NŽ, TN, BF leg.: 1 f, 4 iuv. TN 782/2000; ibid., WM56, 04.10.2000, NČ leg.: 1 f - TN 776/2000; Rogaška Slatina, WM52 (Hadži 1936, sub L. labacensis)-, Ptuj, WM64, 6.8.1983, TN, MŠ, LS leg.: 2 iuv. LS 34/1984; Murska Sobota, WM97, 16.9.1981, TN leg.: 1 m TN 118/1982, ibid., 25.9.2000, NČ, BF leg.: 1 m, 2 f - TN 729/2000.
Lacinius horridus (PANZER, 1794)
Radovljica, VM33 (Hadži 1973a); Polhov Gradec, VM40, 18.8.1929, JH leg.: 1 iuv. TN 20/1981.
Lacinius dentiger (C. L. KOCH, 1848)
Ilirska Bistrica, VL44, 30.9.2000, NČ, NŽ leg.: 1 m - TN 757/2000; Grosuplje, VL79, 8.1925, FK leg.: 1 f - LS 187/1985; ibid., 8.1925, FK leg.: 1 f TN 187/1985; Mojstrana,
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VM14, 10.7.1929, JH: 5 iuv. TN 165/1981; Bled, VM33, 10.1931, LK leg.: 1 m TN 17/1981; ibid., 01.-11.3.1963, JH leg.: 2 iuv. - LS 28/1986; ibid., 1963, JH leg.: 2 ff, 2 iuv. LS 32/1986; ibid., 26.8.1966: 1 iuv. - TN 41/1981; ibid., near the Radovna river, 9.11.1989, BH, IS leg.: 1 f-TN 1255/1997; Ljubljana, VM50, 16.10.1926, JH: 1 m - TN 94/1981; ibid., VM60 (Hadži 1931, 1936, subL. labacensis)\ ibid., Vegova ulica, date?: 1 f - TN 80/1983 m; ibid., Šiška, 29.10.2000, NŽ, L Ž leg.: 1 m - TN 874/2000; ibid., 12.11.1928, JH leg.: 3 mm -TN 27/1981; ibid., VM60, date?, JH leg.: 1 f - TN 119/1981; Kranj, VM52, 29.10.2000, NŽ, LŽ leg.: 1 m - TN 875/2000; Kamnik, VM62, 27.9.2000, NŽ leg.: 2 f - TN 867/2000; ibid., 29.10.2000, NŽ, LŽ leg.: 2 mm - TN 880/2000; Velenje, WM03, Pesje, 26.9.2000, NŽ leg.: 1 f - TN 858/2000; Slovenj Gradec, WM05, 14.8.2000, NČ, BF leg.: 1 iuv. - TN 720/2000; Dravograd, WM06, Robindvor, 25.10.1995, SH, MP leg.: 1 m LS 55/1996 (Hudrap et Pavlin 1996); ibid., 25.10.1995, SH, MP leg.: 1 f LS 57/1996 (Hudrap et Pavlin 1996); Radlje, WM16, 2.7.1939: 1 iuv. TN 335/1983; ibid., 29.5.1966, IL leg.: 1 iuv. TN 173/1981; ibid., 12.6.1966, IL leg.: 1 iuv. - TN 115/1981; ibid., 12.6.1966, ILleg.: 1 iuv.-TN 134/1981; ibid., 12.6.1966, IL leg.: 1 iuv.-TN 164/1981; ibid., 12.6.1966, ILleg.: 1 iuv.-TN 219/1982; ibid., 10.7.1966, IL leg.: 1 iuv. - TN 29/1981; ibid., 10.7.1966, IL leg.: 4 iuv. TN 36/1981; ibid., 10.7.1966, IL leg.: 1 iuv. TN 60/1981; ibid., 10.7.1966, IL leg.: 1 iuv. - TN 144/1981; ibid., 27.7.1966, IL leg.: 2 iuv. (ff) - TN 45/1981; ibid., 27.7.1966, IL leg.: 5 iuv. -TN 63/1981; ibid., 27.7.1966, IL leg.: 6 iuv. - TN 175/1982; ibid., 8.8.1966, IL leg.: 1 iuv. -TN 108/1981; ibid., 8.8.1966, IL leg.: 5 iuv. TN 132/1981; ibid., 26.8.1966, IL leg.: 1 m, 3 ff, 1 iuv. - TN 72/1981; Maribor, WM45, aside the Razvanjski potok brook, 6.1997, MZ leg.: 1 iuv. - TN 1751/1998; Radenci, WM86, 25.7.1983, LS, TN leg.: 1 iuv. - LS 94/1984.
Lacinius ephippiatus (C. L. KOCH, 1835)
Idrija, VL29, Brusovše, 6.1997, MV leg.: 1 subad. TN 1711/1998; Ljubljana, VM50, Jerinov bajer, 25.7.1939: 1 f TN 413/1983; ibid., Večna pot, 25.6.1939, JH leg.: 1 f TN 436/1983; ibid., VM60 (Hadži 1931, sub L. oligodentatus)\ Radlje, WM16, 12.6.1966: 2 iuv. - TN 22/1985; ibid., 27.6.1966, IL leg.: 1 iuv. - TN 664/1981 (rev. 1985); ibid., 8.8.1966, IL leg.: 3 iuv. - TN 139/1981; ibid., 9.9.1966, IL leg.: lf - TN 15/1985; Podčetrtek, WM41, 13.8.1983, LS, TN leg.: 2 mm - LS 296/1985.
Odiellus spinosus (BOSC, 1792)
Rožna dolina, Nova Gorica, UL99, 20.9.1973, IS leg.: 1 f - TN 14/1981; Luka Koper,
VL04, 24.7.1973, IS leg.: 2 iuv. TN 125/1981; ibid., 2.8.1973, IS leg. 1 iuv. (f) TN 366/1982; Ilirska Bistrica, VL44, 30.9.2000, NČ, NŽ leg.: 1 m TN 760/2000; ibid., 30.9.2000, NČ, NŽ leg.: 1 f TN 758/2000; ibid., 30.9.2000, NČ, NŽ leg.: 1 m TN 755/2000.
Mitopus morio (FABRICIUS, 1799)
Škofja Loka, VM41, Grenc, 6.1997, ZK leg.: 1 iuv. - TN 1735/1998; Maribor, WM45, aside the Razvanjski potok brook, 6.1997, MZ leg.: 1 m, 2 ff, 4 iuv. - TN 1753/1998.
Gyas titanus SIMON, 1879
Maribor, WM45, aside the Razvanjski potok brook, 6.1997, MZ leg.: 2 m, 1 f TN 1744/1998; ibid.: 1 iuv. - TN 1754/1998.
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Gyas annulatus (OLIVIER, 1791)
Tolmin, VM01, near the Tolminka brook, 10.5.1989, BH, JH leg.: 3 iuv. - TN 1235/1997.
Amilenus aurantiacus SIMON, 1881
Postojnska jama, Postojna, VL37, 16.3.1967: 1 m, 4 f - TN 644/1983; Kočevje, VL85, 01.3.1959:4 m, 4 f TN 248/1981.
Astrobunus laevipes (CANESTRINI, 1872)
Miren, UL98, 6.8.1973, IS leg.: 3 f - TN 473/1981; ibid., 20.8.1973, IS leg.: 1 m - TN 421/1981; Ljubljana, VM50, 1933, JH leg.: 1 f, lex. TN 338/1983; Ljubljana, VL59, Mestni log, 25.3.year?: 2 iuv. TN 280/1981; ibid., VM60 (Hadži 1973b, sub A. bernardi-cus)\ Kamnik, VM62, 29.10.2000, NŽ, LŽ leg.: 1 f TN 884/2000; Radlje, WM16, 29.5.1966, IL leg.: 1 f - TN 419/1981; ibid., 29.5.1966, IL leg.: 2 mm - TN 429/1981; ibid., 12.6.1966, IL leg.: 2 f TN 424/1981; ibid., 12.6.1966, IL leg.: 1 m - TN 428/1981; ibid., 12.6.1966, IL leg.: 3 mm - TN 441/1981; ibid., 12.6.1966, IL leg.: 1 m, 1 iuv. - TN 454/1981; ibid., 12.6.1966, IL leg.: 4 mm TN 465/1981; ibid., 12.6.1966, IL leg.: 1 iuv. TN 641/1981, JG det.; ibid., 27.6.1966, IL leg.: 1 m, 1 f-TN 438/1981; ibid., 27.6.1966, IL leg.:
1	m - TN 455/1981; ibid., 7.7.1966, IL leg.: 2 mm - TN 98/1981; ibid., 7.7.1966, IL leg.: 1 iuv. - TN 99/1981; ibid., 10.7.1966, IL leg.: 3 iuv., cf. 1 iuv. - TN 427/1981; ibid., 10.7.1966, IL leg.: 1 m, 4 iuv. - TN 452/1981; ibid., 10.7.1966, IL leg.: 2 iuv. - TN 632/1981, JG det.; ibid., 27.7.1966, IL leg.: 1 f, 1 iuv. - TN 129/1981; ibid., 27.7.1966, IL leg.: 2 m, 4 f - TN 437/1981; ibid., 27.7.1966, IL leg.: 2 m, 1 f - TN 448/1981; ibid., 27.7.1966, IL leg.: 1 m,
2	f TN 172/1982; 27.7.1966, IL leg.: 3 f - TN 467/1981; ibid., 8.8.1966, IL leg.: 1 f - TN 141/1981; ibid., 8.8.1966, IL leg.: 1 m, 1 f - TN 420/1981; ibid., 8.8.1966, ILleg.: 1 m - TN 425/1981; ibid., 8.8.1966, ILleg.: 1 m, 1 f - TN 430/1981; ibid., 8.8.1966, ILleg.: 1 m - TN 469/1981; ibid., 26.8.1966, IL leg.: 1 iuv. TN 56/1981; ibid., 26.8.1966, IL leg.: 1 f - TN 418/1981; ibid., 26.8.1966, ILleg.: 1 m - TN 423/1981; ibid., 26.8.1966, IL leg.: 6 m, 25 f-TN 431/1981; ibid., 26.8.1966, IL leg.: 4 m, 3 f - TN 433/1981; ibid., 26.8.1966, IL leg.: 8 m, 6 f - TN 435/1981; ibid., 26.8.1966, ILleg.: 1 m - TN 440/1981; ibid., 26.8.1966, IL leg.: 2 m, 3 f - TN 442/1981; ibid., 26.8.1966, IL leg.: 4 m, 4 f - TN 445/1981; ibid., 26.8.1966, IL leg.: 1 m TN 461/1981; ibid., 26.8.1966, IL leg.: 1 m - TN 462/1981; ibid., 26.8.1966, IL leg.: 2 mm TN 466/1981; ibid., 9.9.1966, IL leg.: 6 m, 11 f TN 422/1981; ibid., 9.9.1966, IL leg.: 1 m - TN 468/1981; ibid., 9.9.1966, IL leg.: 4 m, 2 f - TN 472/1981; ibid.,: cf. 2 iuv. -TN 459/1981; Ptuj, WM64, 6.8.1983, TN, MS, LS leg.: 1 m, 1 f-LS 166/1983.
Astrobunus helleri (AUSSERER, 1867)
Polhov Gradec, VM 40 (Hadži 1931, sub A. slovenicus)\ Mozirje, VM93, 10.7.1929, JH leg.: 1 f, 5 iuv. TN 464/1981 (Hadži, 1931, sub A. slovenicus)\ Slovenj Gradec, WM05, Ozare, 7.11.1997, TN leg.: 1 f - TN 421/1998.
Leiobunum roseum C. L. KOCH, 1839
Idrija, VL29, 2.9.2000, LS, TN leg.:l m - TN 698/2000; Postojna, VL36, NČ, NŽ leg., 30.9.2000: 1 m TN 747/2000; Bled, VM33, 01.-11.3.1963, JH leg.: 3 ff, 3 iuv. LS
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29/1986; ibid., 1963, JH leg.: 1 f, 3 iuv. LS 30/1986; Slovenj Gradec, WM05, Ozare, 6.8.1988, LS leg.: 1 iuv. - TN 420/1998; ibid., 25.8.1996, TN leg.: 1 m, 1 f - TN 52/1997.
Leiobunum limbatum L. KOCH, 1861
Ljubljana, VM50, 30.7.1982, LS, TN: 1 m - TN 585/1982; ibid., 04.12.1983, MŠ leg.:
1	m - LS 30/1983; Kranj, VM52, 29.10.2000, NŽ, L Ž leg.: 3 mm - TN 886/2000; Kamnik, VM62, 29.10.2000, NŽ, LŽ leg.: 2 mm - TN 877/2000; ibid., 29.10.2000, NŽ, LŽ leg.: 1 f -TN 879/2000; Dravograd, WM06, 18.7.1982, LS, TN leg.: 16 iuv. TN 518/1982; ibid., Robindvor, 25.10.1995, SH, MP leg.: 1 f - LS 56/1996 (Hudrap et Pavlin 1996).
Leiobunum rotundum (LATREILLE, 1798)
Ribnica, VL76, 28.7.2000, MM leg.: 1 f - TN 626/2000; ibid., 28.7.2000, MM leg.: 1 m,
2	f - TN 582/2000; ibid., 28.7.2000, MM leg.: 1 f - TN 585/2000; Kočevje, VL85, 28.7.2000, MM leg.: 1 m, 1 f TN 651/2000; ibid., 28.7.2000, MM leg.: 1 f TN 652/2000; ibid., 28.7.2000, MM leg.: 4 f TN 631/2000; Litija, VM80, 27.7.2000, MM leg.: 2 f TN 645/2000; ibid., 27.7.2000, MM leg.: 1 m, 2 f - TN 638/2000; ibid., 27.7.2000, MM leg.: 1 m, 2 f - TN 641/2000; Trebnje, WL09, 27.7.2000, MM leg.: 2 m, lf - TN 642/2000; ibid., 26.7.2000, MM leg.: 2 mm TN 648/2000; ibid., 26.7.2000, MM leg.: 1 m, 1 f TN 646/2000; ibid., 26.7.2000, MM leg.: 3 f TN 643/2000; Novo Mesto, WL17, 28.7.2000, MM leg.: 1 f - TN 573/2000; ibid., 28.7.2000, MM leg.: 1 f - TN 571/2000; ibid., 28.7.2000, MM leg.: 3 f - TN 575/2000; ibid., 28.7.2000, MM leg.: 2 f - TN 577/2000; Metlika, WL25, 28.7.2000, MM leg.: 1 m TN 608/2000; ibid., 28.7.2000, MM leg.: 1 f TN 579/2000; Sevnica, WL29, 26.7.2000, MM leg.: 3 f - TN 716/2000; ibid., 26.7.2000, MM leg.: 2 f - TN 723/2000; ibid., 26.7.2000, MM leg.: 2 f TN 589/2000; Krško, WL39, 26.7.2000, MM leg.: 1 m - TN 587/2000; ibid., 26.7.2000, MM leg.: 3 f - TN 612/2000; ibid., 26.7.2000, MM leg.: 1 f - TN 614/2000; Brežice, WL48, 26.7.2000, MM leg.: 1 m, 2 f - TN 628/2000; ibid., 26.7.2000, MM leg.: 1 m, 2 f - TN 621/2000; Slovenj Gradec, WM05, 14.8.2000, NČ, BF leg.: 1 f - TN 742/2000; ibid., 14.8.2000, NČ, BF leg.: 1 f - TN 733/2000; Radeče, WM10, 27.7.2000, MM leg.: 1 m, 3 f - TN 580/2000; ibid., 27.7.2000, MM leg.: 3 f - TN 606/2000; ibid., 27.7.2000, MM leg.: 2 f TN 591/2000; ibid., 27.7.2000, MM leg.: 1 m, 3 f TN 581/2000; Podčetrtek, WM 41, 13.8.1983 TN, LS leg.: 1 m, 1 f - LS 127/1983; Maribor, WM46, 24.7.2000, NČ, NŽ, TN, BF leg.: 1 f - TN 778/2000; Ptuj, WM64, 6.8.1983, TN, MŠ, LS leg.: 1 f LS 122/1983; Lenart, WM66, 12.9.1984, IS leg.: 1 f TN 907/1997; Gornja Radgona, WM77, 31.7.1983, TN, LS leg.: 4 m, 5 f - LS 94/1983; Radenci, WM86, 25.7.1983, TN, LS leg.: 2 m, 3 f - LS 93/1983; Ormož, WM94, 23.7.1983, TN, MŠ, MF, LS leg.: 1 m, 4 f - LS 124/1983; Ljutomer, WM95, 23.7.1983, TN, MŠ, MF, LS leg.: 3 m, 2 f - LS 121/1983.
Leiobunum rupestre (HERBST, 1799)
Idrija, VL29, Skirca, 10.6.2000, LS, TN leg.: 1 iuv. - TN 136/2000; Grosuplje, VL 79, 9.1923, FK leg.: 1 f - TN 190/1985; Bled, VM33, 12.8.1985, MSN leg.: 1 m - TN 150/1997; Polhov Gradec, VM40, 18.7.1929: 1 m TN 502/1981; Škofja Loka, VM41, Grenc, 6.1997, ZK leg.: 1 m - TN 1739/1998; Ljubljana, VM50, 1921: 1 iuv. - TN 132/1983; ibid., 8.1980: 1 m TN 499/1981; ibid.: 1 iuv. TN 132/1983; Ljubljana, VM60, castle, 04.6.1927, JH leg.: 1 iuv. (f) TN 27/1982; Luče, VM73, 10.9.1984, IS leg.: 1 f TN
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1025/1997; Slovenj Gradec, WM05, 22.10.1998, LS, TN leg.: 1 f TN 1880/1998; Dravograd, WM06, Robindvor, 25.10.1995, SH, MP leg.: 1 m LS 62/1996 (Hudrap et Pavlin 1996); Zagorje, WM30, 13.8.1983, TN, LS leg.: 1 f LS 139/1983; Podčetrtek, WM41, 1931, EJ leg.: 6 m, 1 f, 4 iuv. TN 508/1981; ibid., 14.9.1984, IS leg.: 1 m TN 1003/1997.
Nelima semproni SZALAY, 1951
Piran, UL84, 29.9.2000, MM leg.: 1 f - TN 842/2000; Idrija, VL29, 17.6.2000, LS, TN leg.: 3 iuv. TN 185/2000; ibid., 2.9.2000, LS, TN leg.: 2 mm TN 700/2000; Ilirska Bistrica, VL44, 30.9.2000, NČ, NŽ leg.: 6 mm - TN 760/2000; ibid., 30.9.2000, NČ, NŽ leg.: 2 m, 1 f - TN 756/2000; ibid., 30.9.2000, NČ, NŽ leg.: 5 mm - TN 754/2000; Ribnica, VL76, 28.7.2000, MM leg.: 1 m TN 627/2000; ibid., 28.7.2000, MM leg.: 2 ff, 1 iuv. TN 632/2000; Kočevje, VL85, 28.7.2000, MM leg.: 4 f - TN 653/2000; ibid., 28.7.2000, MM leg.: 1 m, 2 f TN 636/2000; Ljubljana, VM50, Šiška, 12.11.1928, JH leg.: 1 m TN 609/1981; ibid., VM60 (Hadži 1973b, sub N. silvatica fasciata)-, Litija, VM80, 27.7.2000, MM leg.: 1 iuv. TN 639/2000; ibid., 27.7.2000, MM leg.: 3 ff, 2 iuv. TN 650/2000; Mozirje, VM93 (Hadži 1973a, sub N. s. fasciata)-, Ravne na Koroškem, VM95, 28.7.2000, NČ, BF leg.: 1 m, 1 f - TN 745/2000; ibid., 28.7.2000, NČ, BF leg.: 2 m, 4 f - TN 737/2000; ibid., 28.7.2000, NČ, BF leg.: 1 f - TN 739/2000; Trebnje, WL09, 26.7.2000, MM leg.: 1 f -TN 649/2000; ibid., 26.7.2000, MM leg.: 1 iuv. - TN 644/2000; ibid., 26.7.2000, MM leg.: 1 iuv. - TN 644/2000; Novo Mesto, WL17, 28.7.2000, MM leg.: 1 iuv. - TN 574/2000; ibid., 28.7.2000, MM leg.: 2 iuv. - TN 572/2000; ibid., 28.7.2000, MM leg.: 1 iuv. - TN 576/2000; ibid., 28.7.2000, MM leg.: 1 f, 1 iuv. - TN 578/2000; Metlika, WL25, 28.7.2000, MM leg.: 1 m - TN 608/2000; ibid., 28.7.2000, MM leg.: 1 m, 2 ff, 1 iuv. - TN 570/2000; ibid., 28.7.2000, MM leg.: 3 iuv. TN 583/2000; Sevnica, WL29, 26.7.2000, MM leg.: 1 m, 1 f, 2 iuv. TN 713/2000; ibid., 26.7.2000, MM leg.: 1 iuv. - TN 724/2000; ibid., 26.7.2000, MM leg.: 1 iuv.
TN 590/2000; Krško, WL39, 26.7.2000, MM leg.: 1 f - TN 611/2000; ibid., 26.7.2000, MM leg.: 1 f, 1 iuv. TN 615/2000; ibid., 23.8.2000, MM leg.: 2 mm TN 705/2000; Brežice, WL48, 26.7.2000, MM leg.: 1 f, 1 iuv. - TN 629/2000; ibid., 26.7.2000, MM leg.: 1 f, 2 iuv.
TN 618/2000; ibid., 26.7.2000, MM leg.: 1 f, 1 iuv. TN 620/2000; Hrastnik, WM01, 27.7.2000, MM leg.: 1 m, 1 f, 1 iuv. - TN 634/2000; ibid., 27.7.2000, MM leg.: 1 f, 2 iuv.- TN 637/2000; Velenje, WM03, 26.9.2000, NŽ leg.: 2 mm TN 869/2000; Slovenj Gradec, WM05, 14.8.2000, NČ, BF leg.: 8 m, 5 ff, 1 subad. - TN 721/2000; ibid., 14.8.2000, NČ, BF leg.: 8 m, 8 ff, 9 iuv. - TN 741/2000; ibid., 14.8.2000, NČ, BF leg.: 3 m, 1 f - TN 743/2000; ibid., 14.8.2000, NČ, BF leg.: 2 m, 2 ff, 3 iuv. TN 734/2000; Dravograd, WM06, Robindvor, 25.10.1995, SH, MP leg.: 2 m, 1 f - LS 99/1996 (Hudrap et Pavlin 1996); Radeče, WM10, 27.7.2000, MM leg.: 1 iuv. TN 607/2000; Radlje, WM16, 2.7.1939: 1 iuv. TN 78/1985; ibid., 27.6.1966, IL leg.: 1 iuv. - TN 153/1981; ibid., 27.6.1966, IL leg.: 1 iuv. - TN 154/1981, JG det.; ibid., 27.7.1966, IL leg.: 6 iuv. - TN 197/1982, JH det.; ibid., 27,7.1966, IL leg.: 1 iuv. - TN 672/1981, JG det.; ibid., 10.7.1966, IL leg.: 1 iuv. - TN 25/1981, JG det.; ibid., 8.8.1966: 1 iuv. - TN 32/1981, JG det.; ibid., 8.8.1966, IL leg.: 1 iuv. - TN 4/1982, JG det.; ibid., 8.8.1966, IL leg.: 1 iuv. TN 30/1985; ibid., 26.8.1966, IL leg.: 2 iuv. TN 206/1982, JG det.; Celje, WM22, 28.9.2000, NŽ leg.: 6 m, 3 f - TN 863/2000; ibid., Staro Celje, 22.8.2000, NŽ leg.: 1 m - TN 854/2000; Slovenske Konjice, WM33, 17.8.1983, LS, TN leg.: 8 m, 7 f - LS 293/1985; Podčetrtek, WM41, 13.8.1983, LS, TN leg.: 22 m, 5 ff, 1 iuv. - LS 295/1985; Maribor, WM46, NČ, NŽ, TN, BF leg., 24.7.2000: 1 m, 1 subad. f - TN 781/2000; ibid., 24.7.2000, NČ, NŽ, TN, BF leg.: 1 m TN 779/2000; Maribor, WM55,
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04.10.2000, NČ leg.: 3 mm - TN 773/2000; Maribor, WM56, 04.10.2000, NČ leg.: 1 m - TN 777/2000; ibid., 04.10.2000, NČ leg.: 3 m, 3 f - TN 775/2000; Ptuj, WM64, 6.8.1983, TN, MŠ, LS leg.: 1 m, 1 f - LS 123/1983; ibid., 6.8.1983, TN, MŠ, LS leg.: 3 iuv. - LS 35/1984; ibid., 23.7.1983, TN, MŠ, LS leg.: 1 m - TN 317/1984; ibid., 04.10.2000, NČ, BF leg.: 1 m, 1 f - TN 770/2000; Gornja Radgona, WM77, 27.9.2000, NČ, BF leg.: 1 m - TN 726/2000; ibid., 27.9.2000, NČ, BF leg.: 3 m, 1 f - TN 765/2000; Radenci, WM86, 25.7.1983, LS, TN leg.: 2f iuv. - LS 95/1984; Murska Sobota, WM97, 16.9.1981, TN leg.: 1 m - TN 118/1982; ibid., 25.9.2000, NČ, BF leg.: 2 m, 1 f - TN 730/2000.
Discussion
Two thirds of the total number of harvestman species and subspecies living in Slovenia have been found in its urban centres. Phalangium opilio, Nelima semproni and Opilio saxatilis have been found in half of the investigated urban centres, and Leiobumim rotunclum, Opilio parietinus and Trogulus nepaeformis in one third of them. Furthermore, Nemastoma bidentatum sparsum, Lacinius dentiger, Oligolophus tridens, Leiobunum rupestre, Siro duricohus and Paranemastoma quadripunctatum occurred in 10-20 % of the investigated centres. The other species are less frequent there. In Austria, 7 harvestman species are frequent in human settlements (Komposch, in print). There are three reasons for the relatively very high number of harvestman species in towns and villages of Slovenia. First, the settlements are relatively small and closely connected to neighbouring non-urban regions. Second, primary habitats in settlements have not been totally destroyed either physically (e.g. through soil digging and removing) or chemically (e.g. through biocide application and intoxication with wastes), thus the indigenous species live there continuously. Third, many secondary habitats like walls, sawdust compilations etc. are very appropriate secondary habitats for some species.
Ph. opilio inhabits open non-forest habitats, like meadows and moors, and different types of anthropogenic habitats: gardens, fields, forest edges, quarries, and green habitats in urban centres (Martens 1978). Most urban centres in Slovenia fall into this category. This typically synanthropic species (Komposch 1997) is probably ther-mophile, but not xerophile (Kuschka 1991). In Slovenia it is frequent in meadows, pastures, and glades overgrown with grasses, Luzula, Car ex and fern, in light forests, and in field ecosystems.
According to Martens (1978), N. semproni is frequent in light forests, in scrub woodland, shady scrub, parks, fallow gardens, heaps of waste building materials and the like. In southeastern Austria, beside these habitats this (hemi)hygrophile species (Komposch 1997) frequents open land, especially forest edges and sunny places, and swamp scrub woodland vegetation with scarce bushes and along water streams. It has been found in a Czech town (Klimes 1999). In Slovenia, it frequents urban habitats, too.
In Central Europe, O. saxatilis inhabits degraded rural habitats, stone heaps and building-places, parks, gardens, fields and green areas in urban settings (Martens 1978). Like in south-eastern Austria (cf. Komposch 1997), in Slovene villages it is
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frequent in the vicinity of stables, on stone and brick walls, as well as in natural xerophile grassland in sunny places, especially in the vicinity of stone heaps and rocky walls. In comparison with Germany (Bliss et al. 1996), Czech Republic (Klimes 1997) and Austria (Komposch 1999), in Slovenia O. saxatilis and O. pari-etinus do not compete with O. canestrinii, yet.
L. rotundum is predominantly an atlantic species, recognized to be euryecious; in Europe its populations are most abundant in habitats strongly influenced by humans (Martens 1978). In south-eastern Austria it is a hemisynanthropic species (Komposch 1997). In Slovenia and Austria, it prefers the same habitats as N. sem-proni\ besides, it is frequent in light forests and high grassland on moist ground. It is very frequent in low vegetation beside small lowland water currents and between washed-out tree roots just beside the streams.
O. parietimis is a species of arid regions. In Central and Eastern Europe, it is strictly bound to anthropogenous habitats, living in settlements and similar habitats outside urban centres (Martens 1978, Farzalieva et Esyunin 1999). In Slovenia, it has rarely been found in non-urban habitats.
The taxonomical status of T nepaeformis has not been solved satisfactorily; most literature data comply with more species. The same is true for the ecology of these species, appearing often syntopically. In Slovenia, the species live in light deciduous and mixed forests, in scrub and meadows, especially in loose humus soils, under stones and the like. Their occurrence in urban centres reflects the preservation of structured soils of primary, forest-ecosystems and/or the presence of some similar secondary habitats, e.g. steep loose soils, litter, gravel and stone heaps beside bridges.
N. bidentatum sparsum is a southeastern European-Carpathian species, most frequent in deciduous forests in hillylands (Martens 1978). It inhabits eastern and southern Slovenia. In Slovenia and in Austria (Komposch, pers. comm.) it is frequent in deciduous and mixed forests with deep loose litter or few centimeters deep humus from lowlands up to an altitude of at least 1200 m and in different types of shrubs and hedges. Its occurrence in urban centres is a consequence of preserved forest structured soils.
In Central Europe, L. dentiger inhabits light forests and is frequent in parks and gardens, often on stone and brick walls (Martens 1978). In southeastern Austria, among other habitats this species is frequent in anthropogenic habitats (Komposch 1999). In Slovenian settlements it prefers coulder shady places.
O. tridens is an European species, most frequent in wet habitats of light forests with larger habitat diversity. It prefers semi-shady moist habitats, like deciduous and pine forest edges, light scrub woodland, scrub and moist grassland, where it dwells in litter, under wood and stones, in grass turf, etc. (Martens 1978, Farzalieva et Esyunin 1999). It is recognized to be a (hemi)hygrophile and (hemi)ombrophile species (Kuschka 1991). In Slovenia, the species frequents the neighbourhood of water currents and anthropogenic habitats, including plant remains accumulations (like weeds-, compost-and cemetery refuse heaps, humid rotting sawdust and cork etc.).
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L. rupestre is a hygrophile species, prefering shady cold habitats (Martens 1978). In Slovenian urban habitats it is frequently found on wet shady walls. It also appears in some natural and artificial cavities (Novak et al. 1984).
S. duricorius is a stenecious south-Alpine-Dinaric species, frequent in thick deciduous and mixed forests in moist ground, mostly in deep litter or rough humus (Martens 1978). Occasionally, it can be found in caves (Novak et al. 1984). In Slovenia, it is absent in Prekmurje (NE Slovenia), in the submediterranean region (SW Slovenia) and locally in steep slopes without litter or rough humus.
P quadripunctatum is characteristic of wet and moderately moist, especially forest habitats, and in such non-forested regions with structured soils enabling hiding (stones, rotten wood, stone heaps etc.), it overwinters also in caves and artificial tunnels (Martens 1978, Novak et al. 1984, Komposch 1997). In Slovenia, it inhabits the same types of habitats and in some regions it is frequent in wet loose turf, not necessarily near water streams.
Characteristic synanthropic harvestmen sensu lato are those preferring open land (Komposch 1993). They are mostly characterized by their thermophily and O. sax-atilis also for its xerophily (Martens 1978, Kuschka 1991, Komposch 1993, 1997, Klimes 1977). Theoretically, three main opilionid groups dwelling in urban habitats can be distinguished: synanthropic species sensu stricto, those following landscape cultivation (»Kulturfolger«; Povolny 1963), and some widely spread especially edaphic - species. While synanthropy is a biocenological category, meaning a spontaneous membership in an anthropobiocenosis, the landscape-cultivation-followers are species symbiotic to mankind for ethological and ecological reasons, like coprophagies common to cattle herds and sheep flocks (ibid.). For species of unknown status, both categories are usually considered to be synanthropics sensu lato. The categories prae-, hemi- und eusynanthropics (Peters 1960) are practiced to denote the abundance of a species in urban habitats in comparison to non-urban ones. The praesynanthropic species are those which are equally abundant in innate and anthropogenic habitats, the hemisynanthropic ones are more frequent in anthropogenic habitats, and eusynanthrops predominate in human settlements.
Resting on walls, under bridges and in similar rocky places, Ph. opilio, O. saxatilis and O. parietinus are widely spread in human settlements throughout Slovenia while in eastern Slovenia, N. semproni and L. rotundum are most frequent in such habitats. In Central and northern Europe, Opilio saxatilis, O. parietinus and O. canestrinii are recognized to be eusynanthropic species sensu Peters (1960). Like Ph. opilio, L. rotundum, L. limbatum, L. rupestre and N. semproni, they depend on the landscape cultivation following species. Probably no European harvestman species can be treated as synanthropic sensu Povolny (1963). The species of primary ecosystems frequenting anthropogenic habitats must be treated separately. In Slovenian settlements, they are represented especially through edaphic (Trogulus nepaeformis, Nemastoma bidentatum spar-sum, Oligolophus tridens, Siro duricorius, Paranemastoma quadripunctatum), a petrophile (Leiobunum rupestre) and a forest species (Lacinius dentiger). In towns, N. b. sparsum and S. duricorius inhabit mostly meadow soils and heaps of rotten brush-
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wood. Both species are evidence for relatively well preserved primary soils, not (totally) destroyed through physical and chemical means. The same is true for T nepae-formis, searching for well structured ground and living also in heaps of waste materials. In winter in its areal, Amilenus aurantiacus is expected in natural and artificial cavities, like caves, tunnels, mines, cellars and wells.
As in spiders, in different countries differences in the occurrence of each har-vestman species are reported. In Czech Republic, Pholcus opilionoides among spiders has been recognized to be an eusynanthropic species (Valesova-Zdarkova 1966), while in southeastern Austria (Komposch 1993) and in Slovenia it is frequent also in dry warm lowland habitats. On the other hand, in Czech Republic (Klimes 1997) and in Slovenia O. canestrinii - registered for the first time - and L. limbatum have been found only in towns, while in southern Austria L. limbatum has been recognized to be a hemisynanthrop (Komposch 1993). Further investigations are required to define the role of human influences on harvestman distribution.
The highest temperature in Slovenian towns has been registered in Krsko (40.7 °C; Brinovec et al. 1997) while in each urban centre low temperature habitats can be found, too. In synanthropic harvestmen s. 1., their thermophily and in some cases xerophily, are referred to as their characteristics (Martens 1978, Kuschka 1991, Komposch 1993, 1997, Klimes 1977). As L. limbatum and L. rupestre are frigophile species, it is probably justified to consider petrophily to be the most common characteristic in synanthropic s. 1. species.
Some harvestman species inhabit towns because of direct human activity. The Mediterranean species Nelima doriae, found recently in Australia, New Zealand and South America (Martens 1978, Gruber et Hunt 1973, Acosta et Cokendolpher 1990) is a case of a global expanding areal due to transport. In Europe, O. canestrinii expanded from Italy to Sweden in the last 30 years, and some other Nemastoma, Trogulus, Phalangium, Rilaena, Oligolophus and Nelima species are reported to have been imported in the new regions (Gruber et Hunt 1973, Martens 1978, Gruber 1984, Komposch 1993, Thaler et Knoflach 1995, Klimes 1997). In Slovenia, Hadzi (1936) supposed that Lacinius dentiger (sub L. labacensis) was introduced in Ljubljana on the beech wood used as fuel in that time, but he also found an indigenous specimen on a beech in a park in Rogaska Slatina. Novak et al. (1995) wrote that (carbonatophile) Leiobunum roseum could appear in Slovenj Gradec due to brick and tile transports (buildings in non-carbonate places). In 2001, through direct observations Nemastoma b. bidentatum, L. dentiger, Oligolophus tridens and Leiobunum rupestre have been found on firewood imported into Slovenj Gradec from forests some ten kilometers away. Besides, the introductions of Phalangium opilio, Opilio saxatilis, L. dentiger, L. roseum and Nelima semproni via transports of tile and cement products have been confirmed, although in human settlements these species are mostly a part of the indigenous primary fauna. Anyway, although appearing in secondary habitats the majority of harvestmen in anthropogenic habitats in Slovenia are indigenous species. Thus, the most important influences of introduced specimens seem to be potential genetic homogenizing impacts on local populations.
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Acknowledgements
Beside the authors, many collegues collected a great deal of material. We are very grateful to them. Initials: DB Darja Berlič, SB Savo Brelih, NČ Natalija Červek, DD Dušan Devetak, MF Maja Ferenc, BF Boštjan Filip, JG Jürgen Gruber, DH Durda Hadži, JH Jovan Hadži, MH M. Hari, BH Bogdan Horvat, JH Janez Horvat, NH N. Hribar, SH Simona Hudrap, EJ Evgen Jäger, AK A. Kandare, RK Roman Kenk, SK Stanko Karaman, ZK Z. Kejžar, FK Fran Kos, LK Ljudevit Kuščer, VK Valika Kuštor, IL Ivan Leitinger, AL Aleksandra Lešnik, IM I. Maček, MM Mojca Mlakar, TN Tone Novak, MP Majda Pavlin, LP L. Plavčak, AS A. Shulič, IS Ignac Sivec, LS Ljuba Slana, MSN Maja Slana-Novak, MŠ Mojmir Štangelj, SŠ S. Šturm, FV France Velkovrh, MV M. Vončina, MZ M. Zorovič, LŽ Larisa Zmaher, NŽ Nataša Žmaher.
We sincerely thank Dr. Christian Komposch (Graz) for his critical review of the manuscript and useful advices for improving it. We are indebted to Prof. Dr. Victor Kennedy (Maribor) for language improvements.
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Received! Prejeto: 14. 12. 2001
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