HACQUETIA 4/2 • 2005, 5–25 A NEW MESOPHILOUS TURKEY-OAK WOODLAND ASSOCIATION FROM LAGA Mts. (CENTRAL ITALY) Romeo DI PIETRO* & Giancarlo TONDI Abstract The present paper aims at describing the Quercus cerris-dominated woodlands of the Laga mountains (central Apennines) in both the synecological and syntaxonomical way. Species composition and abundance, together with structural and abiotic parameters were recorded in 33 relevés distributed throughout the Laga massif. A new association of Quercus cerris woodlands, named Listero ovatae-Quercetum cerridis, is here proposed. The ecology and syn-chorology of this association are outlined. In syntaxonomical terms Listero-Quercetum cerridis behaves as an intermediate between Fagetalia sylvaticae and Quercetalia pubescenti-petraeae, being the dominant layer closer to Quercetalia communities and the herb layer to Fagetalia. For comparison a survey is provided of the most important Quercus cerris community types described throughout the whole Apennine chain using all published relevés (synoptic table). Izvleček Pričujoči članek obravnava gozdne združbe s prevladujočim cerom (Quercus cerris) z območja hribovja Laga (srednji Apenini) tako v sinekološkem kot tudi sintaksonomskem pogledu. Na 33 popisnih ploskvah z različnih delov obravnavanega območja so bili narejeni fitocenološki popisi in poleg tega zabeleženi tudi nekateri strukturni in abiotski parametri. Med drugim je opisana nova združba cerovij (Listero ovatae-Quercetum cerridis ass. nova), orisani sta tudi nejni ekologija in sinhorologija. V sintaksonomskem pogledu leži novoopisana združba nekako med redovoma Fagetalia sylvaticae in Quercetalia pubescenti-petraeae, z vrstno strukturo drevesne in grmovne plasti bliže redu Quercetalia in floristično zgradbo zeliščne plasti z več značilnicami redu Fagetalia. V sinoptični tabeli je novoopisana združba primerjana z drugimi opisanimi cerovji s celotnega območja Apeninov. Key words: Central Apennines, Fagetalia sylvaticae, ICPN, phytosociology, syntaxonomy Ključne besede: srednji Apenini, Fagetalia sylvaticae, ICPN, fitocenologija, sintaksonomija 1. INTRODUCTION termophilous woods bearing a typical sub-mediter ranean character (Blasi 198 ; Arrigoni & Foggi As emerged in several syntaxonomical revisions re-1988; Arrigoni & al. 1990; Taffetani & Biondi 199 ; garding the woodland vegetation of Peninsular Ita-Scoppola & Filesi 199 ). Yet in other cases (espely (Ubaldi & al. 1990; Scoppola & al. 199 ; Ubaldi cially for the central and southern Apennines) 199 ; Arrigoni 1998; Pignatti 1998; Ubaldi 2003; Quercus cerris it typically co-dominant with Quercus Blasi & al. 2004), Quercus cerris woods are to be con-frainetto in thermophilous woodlands developed sidered the most significant and widespread fea-on substrates where the soil sandy component is ture in the forestal landscape of the Apennine prevailing on the clay component (Arrigoni 1974; chain. Most of the turkey oak associations described Abbate & al. 1990; Abbate & Paura 199 ; Blasi & so far in the Italian peninsula are representative of Paura 199 ; Catorci & Orsomando 1998; Biondi et * Plant Biology Department, University of Rome “La Sapienza” P.le A. Moro, ; I-0018 , Rome. e-mail: romeo. dipietro@uniroma1.it HacqueTIa 4/2 • 2005 al.2001; Blasi & al. 2002). Relatively few, and almost enterely restricted to southern Apennines, are the available data regarding the mesophilous and microthermic turkey oak woodlands which are developed in the upper submontane and lower montane belt (Ubaldi 1974; Bonin & Gamisans 197 ; Aita & al. 1977; Abbate 1990; Catorci & Orsomando 2001; Blasi & al. 200 ; Rosati & al. 200 ). In most phytosociological studies concerning the central and northern Apennines, in fact, the definition “Quercus cerris mesophilous woodlands” was normally applied to those forest communities developed in the bottom of dolins or gullies in a typically edaphomesophilous situation, where the climatophilous situation was often related to Mediterranean deciduous oak woodlands. Such conditions are even more evident in the central Apennines where the prevalence of limestone leads to a marked dominance by Ostrya carpinifolia and Quercus pubescens in the sub- montane mixed woods belt in contact with the beech woodlands (Avena & al. 1980; Ballelli & al. 1982; Blasi & al. 1982; Pignatti 1982; Ubaldi & Speranza 1982; Di Pietro & Blasi 1998). The Laga mountains are the only relevant siliceous range occurring in the central Apennines. Only a few phytosociological papers discussing local forest vegetation exist (Longhitano & Ronsisvalle 1974; Pedrotti 1982), and they have regarded mainly the Adriatic side of Laga massif. On the contrary very little is known about the tyrrhenian side of this massif where turkey oak woods exhibit one of their most significant example on the whole Italian Peninsulascale.Inthispaperanew Quercuscerris woodland association is proposed and described from a synecological and synchorological viewpoint. 2. STUDY AREA The Laga Mountains ridge, which is nearly 24 km long, lies at the boundary between the Latium, Abruzzo and Marche regions in central Italy (Figure 1). The monocline attitude of this mountain chain determines an evident asymmetry of the slopes, the south-western slope (Latium side) being steeper and less extended, whereas the north- Laga mountains Figure 1: Study Area: Laga mountains (Central Apennines). Slika 1: Raziskovano območje: gorovje Laga (centralni Apenini) ROmeO DI PIeTRO & GIaNcaRlO TONDI: a New mesOPHIlOus TuRkey-Oak wOODlaND assOcIaTION fROm laGa mTs. (ceNTRal ITaly) eastern slope (Abruzzo side) is milder and more extended. The Laga mountains are characterised by a torbiditic succession of Messinian age known as “Laga Flysch” mainly composed of arenaceous and pelithic-arenaceous lithofacies. The low permeability degree which characterises the succession of sandstones and marls limits the percolation of rainfall waters and enables their superficial streaming out (Tondi & Plini 199 ). From a bioclimatic standpoint (Figure 2) the study area belongs to the mesaxeric-axeric subregion (mean annual temperature is 9°C and that of the coldest month –2.1°C). Rainfalls exceed 1400 mm/yr. and in the period between November and May assume snowy features, and frost occurs for more than one month yearly (Blasi 1994; Tondi & Plini 199 ). Figure 2: Ombro-thermic diagrams. Slika 2: Ombroterična diagrama. 3. DATA AND METHODS Field research was carried out in June and July 2003–2004. Thirty-three phytosociological relevés were performed following standard methods of the Zurich-Montpellier approach (Braun-Blanquet 19 4). A synoptic table composed of the frequency columns of all Quercus cerris mesophilous woodlands associations described within the Apennine was prepared and subsequently subjected to multivariate analysis of the chord distance algorithm to produce the dissimilarity matrix and the minimum variance linkage as agglomeration criterion (package Syntax .2 program, Podani, 1993). In addition, a non metric ordination (multidimensional scaling) was performed. For species nomenclature, reference was made to Anzalone (199 ; 1998) and Conti (1998). For life forms and chorology, reference was made to Pignatti (1982). As to the composition of the chorological spectrum only (Figure 4), the Eurasiatic chorotype was divided into the following components: European, European-Caucasian, Eurasiatic s.s. and SE-European (the latter including the following sub-chorotypes: Pontic, SE-European s.s., South-European-South-Siberian).Chorologicaland life forms spectra were calculated on the basis of simple presence, frequency and specific cover index. In particular the normal spectrum (norm), which is normally almost never used in this kind of analysis, indicates the % ratio between the total number of species of one chorotype or life form and the total number of species occurring in a given plant community type. This type of spectrum gives essential information about the floristic (and consequently structural and chorological) “base” from which each plant community type draws upon in its physiognomical expression. The frequency spectrum (frq) is probably the most appropriate for coenological information, whereas the cover spectrum (cover), represents the “real” quantitative structural and chorological expression of the various plant communities. The cover spectrum is based on the “specific cover index” of the species in the different plant community types (phytosociological table). This index was obtained by summing up each species’ cover-abundance central values (e.g. =87, ; 4= 2, …) and multiplying this sum by the ratio 100/numbers of relevés. In the phytosociological (Table 1) among the species included in the various syntaxa were identified those having a “transgressive” (t) or a “differential” (d) role according to Braun-Blanquet & Pavillard 7 HacqueTIa 4/2 • 2005 (1922), Géhu & Rivas-Martínez (1981), Mucina (1993). The denomination of syntaxa is in accordance with Weber et al. (2000). 4. RESULTS Listero ovatae-Quercetum cerridis ass. nov. hoc loco. (Holotypus rel. 9 table 1) The Quercus cerris woodlands of the Laga Mountains are included in the community type which is here codified as a new association named Listero ovatae-Quercetum cerridis. Among the Italian turkey oak woodlands this association belong to the group of the mesophilous and microthermic oak woods which normally exhibit an altitudinal range included between 800 and 1400 m a.s.l. In Listero- Quercetum cerridis two main aspects are distinguished: a typical form (Table 1, rel. 1–27), and a thermophilous form (Table 1, rel. 28–31) this latter being characterized by an enrichment in Quercetalia pubescentis and Rhamno-Prunetea species and by an impoverishment in the characteristic specific component. Altitudinal range/Bioclimate: According to Blasi (1994), Listero-Quercetum cerridis is widespread within the lower montane thermo-type and humid ombrotype, in the temperate region. Character species: Listera ovata, Dactylorhiza maculata subsp. fuchsii, Lonicera xylosteum, Heracleum sphondylium subsp. ternatum, Knautia drymeia subsp. centrifrons. Synecology: Quercus cerris is the absolute dominant of the upper tree layer. Only in sporadic cases did we record the admixture of Fagus sylvatica and Acer pseudoplatanus. The dominant tree layer is ranging in height between six and ten metres, and it is mainly composed of Corylus avellana, Prunus avium and Acer campestre, while rarer are Acer obtusatum, Salix caprea and Ostrya carpinifolia. On moderate slopes and gullies, where moister soils occur, also Populus tremula may assume an important physiognomical role. The shrub layer is well developed and species-rich. In the vertical stratification three main levels were distinguished. The upper level (3– mt.) is formed of Pyrus pyraster, Malus sylvestris and young individuals of turkey oak; the interme diate level (the richest, floristically), is dominated by Lonicera xylosteum and Rosa arvensis, which are accompained by Crataegus laevigata, C. monogyna, Prunus spinosa, Cornus sanguinea, Juniperus communis and Cytisus scoparius. The lower level (< 1 mt.) is almost completely composed of prostrate forms of Rubus hirtus with abundant Lonicera caprifolium. The herb layer is fairly rich, although there is not a single species assuming the dominance. The most common species are Pulmonaria apennina, Primula acaulis, Viola odorata, Carex flacca subsp. flacca, Bromus ramosum, Brachypodium sylvaticum, Festuca heterophylla and several nemoral orchids such in particular Listera ovata, Dactylorhiza maculata subsp. fuchsii, Orchis purpurea, Platanthera chlorantha and Epipactis helleborine. Only in moister habitats or on particularly euthrophic conditions (nitrogen-rich soils) Aegopodium podagaria may assume a dominant role in the herb layer. Structure (Life forms): In the life-form spectrum (Figure 3), Hemycryptophytes emerge as the dominant life-form both in the normal and in the frequency spectrum; they range between a maximum of 4% and a minimum of 29% (cover spectrum). The Nanophanerophytic component is also well represented, Figure 3: Life form spectrum of Listero-Quercetum cerridis. Slika 3: Spekter življenskih oblik asociacije Listero-Quercetum cerridis. 8 ROmeO DI PIeTRO & GIaNcaRlO TONDI: a New mesOPHIlOus TuRkey-Oak wOODlaND assOcIaTION fROm laGa mTs. (ceNTRal ITaly) whereas very scarce and sporadic is the presence of both Chamaephytes and Therophytes. As expected, scapose phanerophytes become dominant only in the cover spectrum; nevertheless, even in this case they are closely approached by both N-phanerophytes and Hemicryptophytes which together indicate a strong consistence of the undergrowth. This fact, which is confirmed by the high avarage value of number of species per relevé (4 ), is probably linked to a soil rich in nutrients and moisture and to a forestry management which favoured coppice up to the recent past. Chorology: The chorological spectrum support the mesophylous and microthermic character of Listero- Quercetum cerridis. The “cold” chorotypes such as Eurasiatic, European-Caucasian, European and Boreal predominates both in the normal spectrum (presence) and in the frequency one. By contrast, the percentage of the Mediterranean component is rather low, and it is even lower observing the values calculated on the abundance data (the complete absence of Quercetea ilicis species is strongly symptomatic of the low degree influence exerted over these woodlands by the Medietrranean climate). The SE-European floristic component is Figure 4: Chorological spectrum of Listero-Quercetum cer- ridis. Slika 4: Horološki spekter asociacije Listero-Quercetum cer- ridis. relatively low if compared to those of the other Quercus cerris woodlands of central Italy. The sharp increment passing from normal to cover spectrum (up to 31%)is only a consequence of the high cover rate of the guide species. The very scarce contribution of the sub-cosmopolitan chorotype is a common fact for Apennine woodlands and testimony both to the high degree of naturality of these environments and to the strong floristic authonomy of the central Apennines district. Syndynamics: In its typical aspect the Listero ovatae-Quercetum cerridis exhibits regressive successional stages pertinent to Berberidion (Crataegus laevigata-Prunus spinosa-Rosa canina community) and mesophilous grasslands belonging both to Cynosurion cristati and Ranunculion velutini. The edapho-xerophilous aspects of Listero-Quercetum are syndynamically substituted by Juniperus communis stands, and, in more regressive stages by dry grassalands belonging to the most xeric fringe of Bromion erecti (Brachypodium rupestre- Ononis spinosa community) and Phleo-Bromion erecti (Bromus erectus-Sesleria nitida community). Geographical Distribution: The distribution area of Listero-Quercetum cerridis, currently limited to the montane belt of the Tyrrhenian side of Laga mountains, could however also extend to the Adriatic side of the massif and to other central-Apennines minor siliceous mountains such as Montagna dei Fiori and Montagna di Campli in the Abruzzo Region. . SYNTAXONOMICAL DISCUSSION Due to the high altitude and to their central location in the Apennine chain, the Listero ovatae-Quercetum cerridis woodlands appear to be quite different (floristically and coenologically) from the other Quercus cerris wood associations described so far for Peninsular Italy. In fact these latter associations are mainly developed within the hilly sub-mediterranean belt and consequently are always subjected to more or less marked periods of summer drought stress. As the synoptic table shows, the main affinities are towards Aceri obtusati-Quercetum cerris developed on marly-arenaceous substrates of the northern Apennines. Compared to such association, however, which can be defined as a turkey oak woods rich in hop hornbeam, Listero-Quercetum woodlands ex 9 HacqueTIa 4/2 • 2005 hibit a much more limited presence of Ostrya carpinifolia. This is due to the siliceous substrates of the Laga Mountains and to the absence or sporadicity of many species of sub-Mediterranean Quercetalia pubescentis woodlands such as Quercus pubescens, Cornus mas, Sorbus torminalis, Fraxinus ornus, Sorbus domestica (etc.). Listero-Quercetum also exhibits similarities with Salvio glutinosae-Quercetum cerridis as regards which, nevertheless, some nomenclatural problems arise, which need to be considered1. In comparison with Aceri-Quercetum and Salvio-Quercetum, however, Listero-Quercetum have several floristic peculiaritis such as the presence of Knautia drymeia subsp. centrifrons, and Heracleum sphondylium, and the abundance of rather common species which normally have a high physiognomical and ecological role such as Viola odorata, Acer pseudoplatanus, Rubus hirtus, Ranunculus lanuginosus, Poa nemoralis, Geranium robertianum, Brachypodium sylvaticum and, above all, the absolute domiance of Lonicera xylosteum in the shrubby layer. The abundance of Lonicera xylosteum in the woody undergrowth suggests, at least as far as nomenclature is concerned, an affinity towards Lonicero xylostei-Quercetum cerridis. This association, however, exhibits typical mediterranean features given the presence of Phillyrea latifolia, Rosa sempervirens, Viburnum tinus, which leads us to exclude any possibility of relationship with Listero-Quercetum cerridis. 1 The name Salvio glutinosae-Quercetum cerridis was used for the first time by Ubaldi in Ubaldi & Speranza (198 ). This first proposal is invalid because of the lack of the nomenclatural type (Art. 3). The name Salvio-Quercetum cerridis was proposed again in a valid form In Ubaldi (2003), where also a new sub-association is also proposed (arisaretosum? astragaletosum?). Rel. 14 of table , a table referred to Aceri obtusati-Quercetum cerridis published in Ubaldi (1988) was chosen as type-relevés. In our opinion the description of a new syntaxon (association) made simply by estrapolating a type relevé from a prior published phytosociological table (often referred to as another association), without providing a real diagnosis (coenological, bioclimatical, biogeographical …) of the new syntaxon which is going to be proposed, should be carefully avoided (although it is allowed by ICPN). In the case of Salvio-Quercetum, precisely, the diagnosis of the new association is more or less restricted to reading the species list in the synoptic columns and/or in the type relevé. Furthermore it is absolutely not clear which phytosociological tables (and which relevés of these tables) were used to build the synoptic table published (Ubaldi & Speranza, 198 ?, Ubaldi 1988? unpublished relevés? …). In our view Lonicera xylosteum, the species choosen for the nomenclatural epithet, is misleading and in no way indicative of the ecological characteristics of Lonicero-Quercetum cerridis. In fact, as other authors have pointed out (Anzalone, 19 1; Hegi, 1979; Oberdorfer, 1994) Lonicera xylosteum has its synecological optimum in the bioclimatic belt which occurs between the submontane mixed woodlands and the lower beech woodlands. The sporadic presence of this species in the low hills leading down to the Adriatic coasts of the Marche region, where Lonicero xylostei-Carpinetum orientalis (=Lonicero xylostei-Quercetum cerridis2) has been described (Taffetani & Biondi, 199 ) is completely anomalous. By contrast, the abundance of an Eurosiberian element such as Lonicera xylosteum (Figure ) in the shrubby layer of Listero-Quercetum cerris is perfectly related to the floristic and synecological features of this oak woodland type which is developed in a bioclimatic belt where (as previously mentioned) the Mediterranean influence normally characterizing the Italian peninsula is extremely weak (Figure 4). Figure 5: Distribution area of Lonicera xylosteum (after Hegi, 1979). Slika 5: Razširjenost vrste Lonicera xylosteum (po Hegi, 1979). Listero-Quercetum also exhibits some similarities, although less marked, with other types of turkey oak woodlands rich in species of Fagetalia such as Carici-Quercetum cerridis (Umbria region) and Centaureo montanae-Carpinetum betuli (northern Marche). Both these communities show an absence of several characteristic species of Listero-Quercetum 2 Lonicero xylostei-Quercetum cerridis Taffetani & Biondi ex Biondi & Allegrezza 199 is the name replacing Lonicero xylostei-Carpinetum orientalis Taffetani & Biondi 199 . According to Weber et al. (2000: 747 Art. 3, 39) this new name is not validly published. 10 ROmeO DI PIeTRO & GIaNcaRlO TONDI: a New mesOPHIlOus TuRkey-Oak wOODlaND assOcIaTION fROm laGa mTs. (ceNTRal ITaly) and the presence of their own exclusive species such as Centaurea montana, Cardamine heptaphylla, Lamiastrum galeobdolon, Asarum europaeum, Anemone trifolia (in Centaureo-Carpinetum), and Cardamine kitaibelii, Euonymus latifolius, Aristolochia lutea, helleborus bocconei, Carex sylvatica, Senecio fuchsii (in Carici-Quercetum). The differences between Listero-Quercetum and Aremonio-Quercetum cerridis (=Roso arvensis-Quercetum cerridis sensu Ubaldi 2003) are essentially biogeographical, in that the latter is found in the southern Apennines and because of this it is characterized by various species belonging to Geranio versicoloris-Fagion which are extremely rare or even absent in the central Apennines (Geranium versicolor, Acer lobelii, Luzula sicula and others). As regards the higher rank syntaxa it is evident, on the basis of its phytosociological table, that Listero-Quercetum is typically placed in a intermediate position between Fagetalia sylvaticae and Quercetalia pubescenti-petraeae. In fact, while the woody layer would appear more related to Quercetalia, both the shrubby and the herb layers are undoubtedly more pertinent to Fagetalia. Despite the fact that Quercus cerris most often occurs in Quercetalia pubescentis, communities, its wide ecological amplitude enables it to reach altitudes where it can enter into competition with the lower beech woods. For this reason we consider that Listero-Quercetum cerridis should be included in Fagetalia sylvaticae. Cluster analysis of all mesophilous Quercus cerris woodlands so far described for the Apennines (Fig. ), shows that there is quite a marked separation between those woodlands which certainly belong to Quercetalia pubescenti-petraeae and those which are to be included in Fagetalia. The position of Aceri obtusati-Quercetum in the dendrogram is anomalous because this association is traditionally used for the diagnosis of Laburno-Ostryenion (Carpinion orientalis). Moreover the position Erythronio-Quercetum cerridis is also anomalous, because in its original proposition (Biondi & al. 2002) it was placed in Erythronio-Carpinion betuli. At the rank of alliance, a provisional placing could be either that of Carpinion betuli s.s. or that of Erythronio-Carpinion (the dominance of Quercus cerris, a species which is normally unrelated to the Carpinion betuli context and which is accepted in the Erythronio- Carpinion context (Horvat & al., 1974) would suggest a preference for this second alliance), while the Pulmonario-Carpinenion betuli could be used as suballiance. 1 Figure 6: Cluster analysis regarding the synoptic columns of all the microthermic Quercus cerris woodlands of the Apennine chain. Slika 6: Klastrska analiza vseh mikrotermičnih cerovih gozdov Apeninske gorske verige. Uporabljena je bila sintetična tabela. This possible double reference in alliance terms is a consequence of the well-known transitional character (floristic, coenological, biogeographical) of the Apennine chain, which is territorially connected to central and south-western Europe, but whose paleoclimatic and paleobotanic history is similar to that of the Balkan peninsula. In fact, even this double reference may not be sufficient, especially from the view point of a central-European phytosociologist, because the diagnoses of both Carpinion betuli and Erythronio-Carpinion refer to primary and secondary Carpinus betulus woods with Quercus petraea and Q. robur codominant (and these species are lacking from the floristic context of Listero-Quercetum cerridis). Furthermore, the extension of the syn-distribution area of Erythronio-Carpinion betuli, to include the Apennines, and 11 HacqueTIa 4/2 • 2005 in particular the central Apennines (Biondi & al. 2002) causes some problems. Among the major species characterizing this alliance only Erythronium dens-canis can be found (what is more it is restricted to the northern Apennines and consequently is lacking in the Laga range) while Helleborus odorus, Epimedium alpinum, Omphalodes verna are totally absent. The presence of other species considered to be characteristic of Erythronio-Carpinion, such as Ornitoghalum pyrenaicum, Lonicera caprifolium, Crataegus laevigata, Galanthus nivalis, Primula acaulis is of lower diagnostic significance, in that these are species which are shared with Carpinion betuli s.s. Another possible reference alliance could be Euonymo-Fagion, (Ubaldi, 2003) with which Listero- Quercetum cerridis partially shares the bioclimatic belt and the general ecology. Nevertheless this alliance is by definition a syntaxon which mainly includes mixed beech woodlands, and its nomenclatural type was indicated in the association Staphyleo- Fagetum, a woodland with marked dominance of Fagus sylvatica and sporadic presence of oaks. For this reason it is likely that this alliance could fall into syntaxonomical synonymy with previous beech woodland alliances such as Aremonio-Fagion or Fagion sylvaticae s.s. (In Biondi & al. (2002) Staphyleo- Fagetum is included in Geranio versicoloris-Fagion). Again in Ubaldi (2003) the alliance Mespilo-Carpinion betuli was proposed for the central Apennines. However, the possibility that this alliance can be used as a reference for Listero-Quercetum cerris seems slight, both in synecological and nomenclatural terms. In fact Mespilo-Carpinion was not only described in an invalid manner (art. 3), but it also has a nomenclatural type (Coronillo-Quercetum cerris) which is still strictly linked to Quercetalia pubescentipetraeae (cfr. Blasi & al. 2004). . CONCLUSIONS The description of an association of potential woodlands (Listero-Quercetum cerridis) is a step towards filling a gap in the phytosociological knowledge of Apennine woodlands. This association, which is unusual in the largely calciphilous central Apennine forestry context, displays evident affinity towards the northern Apennine woodlands, where arenaceousorFlyschsubstratesaretobefound.Although its placing at level of alliance remains a little bit uncertain, and the use of Erythronio-Carpinion betuli is to be considered as provisional (nevertheless a more general revision is currently in progress) the reference to the Fagetalia sylvaticae order for Quercus cerris woods is of significance, and supports the proposals for northern Apennine oak woodlands made in Biondi et al. (2002) and in Ubaldi (2003). 7. SYNTAXONOMICAL SCHEME Querco-Fagetea Br.-Bl. & Vlieger in Vlieger 1937 Fagetalia sylvaticae Pawlowsky in Pawlowsky, Sokolowsky & Wallisch 1928 Erythronio dentis canis-Carpinion betuli (Horvat 19 8)Marinček in Wallnöfer et al. 1993 Pulmonario apenninae-Carpinenion betuli Biondi, Casavecchia, Pinzi, Allegrezza & Baldoni 2002 Listero ovatae-Quercetum cerridis Di Pietro & Tondi 200 ass. nova 8. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We are grateful to Prof. Erwin Bergmeier and Dr. Wolfgang Willner for their comments and suggestions and to Prof. Carlo Blasi, President of the Italian Society of Phytosociology, for his constant support in our research. Thanks also to the Ente Parco Nazionale Gran Sasso-Monti della Laga for the permission in collecting plants in the protected area. 9. REFERENCES Abbate, G. 1990: Le foreste della riserva Mab “Collemeluccio-Montedimezzo” (Molise-Italia meridionale). Doc. Phytosoc.12: 289–304. Abbate, G., Blasi, C., Spada, F. & Scoppola, A. 1990: Analisi fitogeografica e sintassonomica dei querceti a Quercus frainetto dell’Italia centrale e meridionale. Not. Fitosoc. 23 (1987): 3–84. Abbate, G. & Paura, B.199 : Contributo alla conoscenza dei querceti supramediterranei e submontani della Calabria settentrionale. Ann. Bot. (Roma) 1, suppl. 10 (1) (1993): 19–28. Aita, L., Corbetta, F. & Orsino, F. 1977: Osservazioni fitosociologiche sulla vegetazione forestale dell’Appennino Lucano centro-settentrionale (I. Le cerrete). Arch. Bot. et Biogeogr. Ital. 3 (3/4): 97–128. Anzalone, B. 19 1: A proposito di Lonicera Xylosteum L. e L. nigra L. in Italia. Delpinoa 3: 2 9–292. Anzalone, B. 199 : Prodromo della Flora Romana (elenco preliminare delle piante spontanee del 12 ROmeO DI PIeTRO & GIaNcaRlO TONDI: a New mesOPHIlOus TuRkey-Oak wOODlaND assOcIaTION fROm laGa mTs. (ceNTRal ITaly) Lazio) (Aggiornamento). Parte 1 Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae, Angiospermae Dicotyledones. Ann. Bot. (Roma) 2, suppl. 11 (1994): 1–81. Anzalone, B. 1998: Prodromo della Flora Romana (elenco preliminare delle piante spontanee del Lazio) (Aggiornamento). Parte 2, Angiospermae Monocotyledones. Ann. Bot. (Roma) 4 (199 ): 7–47. Arrigoni, P.V. 1974: Ricerche sulle querce caducifoglie italiane 3. Quercus frainetto Ten. in Toscana. Webbia 29 (1): 87–104. Arrigoni, P.V. 1998: La vegetazione forestale, Boschi e Macchie di Toscana. Regione Toscana, 21 pp. Arrigoni, P.V. & Foggi, B. 1988: Il Paesaggio vegetale delle colline di Lucignano (Prov. di Firenze). Webbia 42 (2): 28 –304. Arrigoni, P.V., Mazzanti, A. & Ricceri C. 1990: Contributo alla conoscenza dei boschi della Maremma grossetana.. Webbia 44 (1): 121–1 0. Avena, G.C., Blasi, C., Scoppola, A & Veri, L. 1980: Sulla presenza di popolamenti ad Ostrya carpinifolia Scop. Inquadrabili nel ass. nova nelle Valli del F. Salto e del F. Fioio (Regioni Cicolana e Carseolana; Appennino Laziale-Abruzzese). Not. Fitosoc. 1 : 3– 4. Ballelli, S., Biondi, E. & Pedrotti, F. 1982: L’associazione Scutellario-Ostryetum dell’Appennino centrale. Excursion internationale de Phytosociologie en Italia centrale. Guide-Itinéraire: – 9. Biondi, E. & Allegrezza, M. 199 : Il paesaggio vegetale collinare anconetano. Giorn. Bot. Ital. 130 (1): 117–13 . Biondi, E., Casavecchia, S., Pinzi, M., Allegrezza, M. & Baldoni M. 2002: The syntaxonomy of the mesophilous woods of the central and northern Apennines (central Italy). Fitosociologia 39 (2): 71–94. Biondi, E., Gigante, D., Pignattelli, S. & Venanzoni R. 2001: I boschi a Quercus frainetto Ten. presenti nei territori centro-meridionali della Penisola Italiana. Fitosociologia 38 (2): 97–111. Biondi, E., Gigante, D., Pignattelli, S. & Venanzoni, R. 2002: I boschi del piano collinare della provincia di Terni. Fitosociologia 39 (1): 13 –1 0. Blasi, C. 198 : Quercus cerris & Quercus frainetto woods in Latium (Central Italy). Ann. Bot. (Roma) 42 (1984): 7–19. Blasi, C. 1994: Fitoclimatologia del Lazio. Fitosociologia 27: 1 1–17 . Blasi, C., Di Pietro, R. & Filesi, L. 2004: Syntaxonomical revision of Quercetalia pubescenti-petraeae in the Italian Peninsula. Fitosociologia 41 (1): 87–1 4. Blasi, C., Fortini, P., Grossi, G. & Presti G. 200 : Faggete e Cerrete mesofile nell’Alto Molise. Fitosociologia 42(2): in press. Blasi, C., Feoli, E. & Avena, G.C. 1982: Due nuove associazionidei Quercetalia pubescentis dell’Appennino centrale. Studia Geobotanica 2: 1 –1 7. Blasi, C. & Paura, B. 199 : Su alcune stazioni a Quercus frainetto Ten. In Campania ed in Molise. analisi fitosociologica e fitogeografica. Ann. Bot. (Roma) 1 suppl. 10 (2) (1993): 3 3–3 . Blasi, C., Stanisci, A., Filesi, L., Milanese, A., Perinelli, E. & Riggio L. 2002: Syndynamics of lowland Quercus frainetto & Quercus cerris forests in Lazio (central Italy). Fitosociologia 39 (1): 23–43. Bonin, G. & Gamisans, J. 197 : Contribution a l’étude des forets de l’étage supramediterranéen de l’Italie méridionale. Doc Phytosoc. (Lille) 19–20: 73–88. Braun-Blanquet, J. 19 4: Pflanzensoziologie. 3rd ed. Springler, Wien-New York: 31 pp. Braun-Blanquet, J. & Pavillard, J. 1922: Vocabulaire de sociologie végétale. Roumégous & Dehan, Montpellier. Catorci, A. & Orsomando, E. 1998: Aspetti corologici e fitosociologici di Quercus frainetto Ten. in Umbria. Fitosociologia 3 (1): 1– 4. Catorci, A. & Orsomando, E. 2001: Note illustrative della Carta della vegetazione del Foglio Nocera Umbra. Braun-Blanquetia 23:1–94. Conti, F. 1998: An annotated checklist of the flora of the Abruzzo. Bocconea 10:1–273, Palermo. Di Pietro, R. & Blasi, C. 1998: Gli ostrieti mesofili dei Monti Ausoni (Lazio meridionale). Arch. Geobot. 3 (1) (1997): 19–40. Géhu, J.-M. & Rivas-Martínez, S. 1981: Notions fondamentales de phytosociologie. In: Dierschke, H. (Ed.). Syntaxonomie. Ber. Int. Symp., Rinteln (1980): –33. Cramer, Vaduz. Hegi, G. 1979: Illustrierte Flora von Mittel-Europa. (2): 77–80, Carl Hanser Verlag, München. Horvat, I., Glavač, V. & Ellenberg, H. 1974: Vegetation Sudosteuropas. Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart. Longhitano, N. & Ronsisvalle, G.A. 1974: Osservazioni sulle faggete dei Monti della Laga (Appennino centrale). Not. Fitosoc. 9: –82. Mucina, L. 1993: Nomenklatorische und syntaxonomische Definitionen, Konzepte und Methoden. In: Mucina, L., Grabherr, G. & Ellmauer, T. (Eds.). Die Pflanzengesellschaften Österreichs, 1, Anthropogene Vegetation: 19–28. G. Fischer, Jena – Stuttgart – New York. 13 HacqueTIa 4/2 • 2005 Oberdorfer, E. 1994: Pflanzensoziologische Excursionflora, ed. 7. Ulmer, Stuttgardt. Pedrotti, F. 1982: Guide itineraire: Excursion Internationale de Phytosociologie en Italie centrale. Universita di Camerino: 71– 77. Pignatti, S. 1982: Flora d’Italia. 1–3. Edagricole, Bologna. Pignatti, S. 1982: Die beteiligung der Ostrya-Gesellshaften in den submediterranen Vegetationskomplexen. Studia Geobot. 2: 211–217. Pignatti, S. 1998: I Boschi d’Italia.Utet, Torino. Podani, J. 1993. Multivariate data analysis in ecology and systematics. A methodological guide to the Syn-tax .0 package, Ecological computations Series, Vol. SPB Publishing, The Hage. Rosati, L., Di Pietro, R. & Blasi, C. 200 : La vegetazione forestale della Regione Temperata del “Flysch del Cilento” (Italia meridionale), Fitosociologia (in press). Scoppola, A., Blasi, C., Abbate, G., Cutini, M., Di Marzio, P., Fabozzi, C. & Fortini, P. 199 : Analisi critica e considerazioni fitogeografiche sugli ordini e le alleanze dei querceti e boschi misti a caducifoglie dell’Italia peninsulare. Ann. Bot. (Roma) 1 suppl. 10 (1) (1993): 81–112. Scoppola, A. & Filesi, L. 199 : I boschi di latifoglie della riserva naturale regionale Monte Rufeno (VT). Ann. Bot. (Roma) (1993) 1, suppl.10: 241–27 . Taffetani, F. & Biondi, E. 199 : Boschi a Quercus cerris e Carpinus orientalis Miller nel versante Adriatico italiano. Ann. Bot. (Roma) 1 suppl. 10 (2) (1993): 229–240. Tondi, G.C. & Plini, P. 199 : Prodromo della Flora dei Monti della Laga (Appennino centrale, versante laziale). Acli Anni verdi (Roma), pp. 204. Ubaldi, D. 1974: Faggeti e boschi montani a cerro nel Montefeltro (Appennino romagnolo-marchigiano). Not. Fitosoc. 9: 83–129. Ubaldi, D. 1988: La vegetazione boschiva della provincia di Pesaro e Urbino. Esercitazioni dell’Accademia Agraria in Pesaro, Serie 3, vol. 20: 99–192. Ubaldi, D. 199 : Tipificazione di Sintaxa forestali appenninici e siciliani. Ann. Bot. (Roma) 1 suppl. 10 (1) (1993): 113–128. Ubaldi, D. 2003: La vegetazione boschiva d’Italia (manuale di Fitosociologia forestale). Clueb, Bologna. 3 8 pp. Ubaldi, D. & Speranza, M. 1982: L’inquadramento sintassonomico dei boschi a Quercus cerris ed Ostrya carpinifolia del Flysch dell’Appennino marchigiano settentrionale. Studia Geobot. 2: 123–140. Ubaldi, D. & Speranza, M. 198 : Quelques hetraies du fagion et du Laburno-Ostryon dans l’Apennin septentrional (Italie). Doc. Phytosoc. n.s. 10: 2–71. Ubaldi, D., Zanotti, A.L., Puppi, G., Speranza, M. & Corbetta, F. 1990: Sintassonomia dei Boschi ca ducifogli mesofili dell’Italia peninsulare. Not. Fitosoc. 23 (1987): 31– 2. Weber, H.E., Moravec, J. & Theurillat, J.P. 2000: In ternational Code of Phytosociological Nomen clature. 3rd. edition. J. Veg. Sci. 11: 739–7 8. APPENDIX 1: List of sporadic species (Table 1) Rel. 9, Crepis biennis: +; Rel. 10, Alliaria petiolata: +; Rel. 13, Campanula rapunculus: +, Cynoglossum montanum: +, Himantoglossum adriaticum: +; Rel. 1 , Aquilegia viscosa: +, Veronica montana: 1; Rel. 1 , Matricaria discoidea: +, Prunella vulgaris: +; Rel. 17, Hypericum montanum: +; Rel. 23, Astragalus monspessulanum: +, Dianthus monspessulanum: +; Rel. 24, Asplenium trichomanes: +; Rel. 2 , Cruciata laevipes: +, Inula conyza: 1; Rel. 30, Asphodelus albus: +; Rel. 31, Genista sagittalis: +, Polypodium vulgare: +, Sesleria italica: +. APPENDIX 2: List of the sporadic species of Synoptic table (Table 2) Col. 1 – Asphodelus albus: , Asplenium trichomanes: , Astragalus monspessulanum: , Colchicum lusitanicum: 14, Dianthus monspessulanum: , Digitalis ferruginea: , Genista sagittalis: , Lathyrus sylvestris: 9, Saxifraga granulata: , Adenostyles australis: , Anthriscus sylvestris: 14, Aquilegia viscosa: , Arctium minus: 27, Crepis biennis: , Cynoglossum montanum: , Galium album : 9, Galium laevigatum: 23, Galium sylvaticum: , Himantoglossum adriaticum: , Hypericum perforatum: 9, Lathyrus pratensis: 9, Leopoldia comosa: , Matricaria discoidea: , Peucedanum oroselinum: 14, Poa trivialis: , Rumex acetosa: , Salix caprea: 32, Senecio nemorensis: , Silene latifolia: , Silene nutans : 9, Silene vulgaris : 9, Stachys sylvatica :18, Thalictrum aquilegifolium: 18, Trifolium ochroleucum: , Urtica dioica: 23, Valeriana officinalis: 32, Veronica montana: , Vicia incana: 14 ROmeO DI PIeTRO & GIaNcaRlO TONDI: a New mesOPHIlOus TuRkey-Oak wOODlaND assOcIaTION fROm laGa mTs. (ceNTRal ITaly) 18. Col. 2 – Digitalis lutea: 31, Orchis mascula : 31, Peucedanum verticillare: 31. Col. 3 – Cardamine graeca: 17, Doronicum columnae: 8, Hieracium gr. piloselloides: 2 , Ribes alpinum: 8, Senecio fuchsii: 2 . Col. 4 – Centaurea montana: 7, Crocus neapolitanus: 29, Heracleum sphondylium: , Iris graminea: 14, Melampyrum velebiticum: , Senecio gaudinii: 29, Viburnum opulus: 14. Col. 6 – Buphtalmum salicifolium subsp. salicifolium: 19, Buphtalmum salicifolium subsp. flexile: 23, Campanula medium: 38, Dorycnium hirsutum: 12, Festuca capillata: 19, Hieracium boreale: 12, Lavandula angustifolia: 8, Luzula pedemontana: 31, Pi- nus pinaster: 12, Tanacetum corymbosum: 23. Col. 7 – Fraxinus oxycarpa: 30, Ranunculus polyanthemos: 38. Col. 8 – Alnus glutinosa: 30, Arabis sagittata: 20, Blechnum spicant: 10, Brachypodium ramosum: 20, Frangula alnus: 10, Helianthemum nummularium: 20, Helleborus viridis: 20, Holcus lanatus: 20, Inula salicina: 30, Melampyrum italicum: 20, Thesium divaricatum: 20, Vicia cracca: 40, Vicia ochroleuca: 20. Col. 9 – Stellaria media: 2 . Col. 10 – Convolvulus arvensis: 29, Echinops ritro: 29, Melica ciliata: 7, Pyrus communis: 14, Ranunculus repens: 14, Sambucus nigra: 14. Col. 11 – Platanthera bifolia: 20. Col. 12 – Ornithogalum sphaerocarpum: 17. Col. 14 – Arisarum proboscideum: III. APPENDIX 3: List of the syntaxa quoted in the text and in the synoptic table Aceri obtusati-Quercetum cerridis Ubaldi & Speranza ex Ubaldi 199 ; Allio pendulini-Quercetum cerridis Ubaldi, Zanotti, Puppi, Speranza, Corbetta ex Ubaldi 199 ; Aremonio-Fagion sylvaticae (Horvat 1938) Torok, Podani & Borhidi 1989; Aremonio- Quercetum cerridis Blasi, Fortini, Grossi & Presti 200 (in press); Berberidion vulgaris Br.-Bl. 19 0; Bromion erecti Koch 192 ; Carici sylvaticae-Quercetum cerridis Catorci & Orsomando 2001; Carpinion betuli Issler 1931; Carpinion orientalis Horvat 19 8; Centaureo montanae-Carpinetum betuli Ubaldi, Zanotti, Puppi, Speranza & Corbetta ex Ubaldi 199 ; Cephalanthero-Quercetum cerridis Scoppola & Filesi 1998; Coronillo emeri-Quercetum cerridis Blasi 198 ; Cynosurion cristati Tüxen 1947; Daphno laureolae-Quercetum cerridis Taffetani & Biondi 199 ; Erythronio dentis canis-Carpinion betuli (Horvat 19 8) Marinček in Wallnöfer, Mucina & Grass 1993; Erythronio dentis canis-Quercetum cerridis Biondi, Casavecchia, Pinzi, Allegrezza & Baldoni 2002; Euonymo latifolii-Fagion sylvaticae Ubaldi 2003; Fagetalia Sylvaticae Pawlowski in Pawlowski, Sokolowski & Wallisch 1928; Fagion sylvaticae Luquet 192 ; Geranio versicoliris-Fagion sylvaticae Gentile 19 9; Laburno anagyroidis-Ostryenion carpinifoliae (Ubaldi 199 ) Blasi, Di Pietro & File- si 2004; Lathyro montani-Quercetum cerridis Ubaldi, Puppi, Zanotti, Speranza & Corbetta ex Ubaldi 199 ; Listero ovatae-Quercetum cerridis Di Pietro & Tondi ass. nova; Lonicero xilostei-carpinetum orientalis Taffetani & Biondi 199 ; Lonicero xilostei-Quercetum cerridis Taffetani & Biondi ex Biondi & Allegrezza 199 ; Melico-Quercetum cerridis Arrigoni, in Arrigoni et al. 1990; Mespilo-Carpinion betuli Ubaldi 2003; Phleo ambigui-Bromion erecti Biondi, Ballelli, Allegrezza & Zuccarello 199 ; Pulmonario apenninae-Carpinenion betuli Biondi, Casavecchia, Pinzi, Allegrezza & Baldoni 2002; Quercetalia pubescenti petraeae Klika 1933 corr.; Quercetea ilicis Br.-Bl. ex A. & O. Bolos 19 0; Querco roboris-Fagetea sylvaticae Br.- Bl. & Vlieger in Vlieger 1937; Ranunculion velutini Pedrotti 197 ; Roso arvensis-Quercetum cerridis Ubaldi 2003; Salvio glutinosae-Quercetum cerridis Ubaldi 2003; Salvio glutinosae-Quercetum cerridis arisaretosum Ubaldi 2003; Staphyleo pinnatae-Fagetum sylvaticae Ubaldi & Speranza ex Ubaldi 199 . APPENDIX 4: Place and date of relevés 1: Casellana, 1 .VI.2000; 2–3: Cornillo Nuovo, .VI.2002; 4–5: Castiglioni: 1 .VI.2003; 6–12: Preta; 13: Sacro Cuore, 1 .VI.2003; 14–16: Castel Trione, 19.VII.2003; 17–20: Ponte sul Tronto, 19.VII.2003; 21: Capricchia, 20.VII.2003; 22: Vicenne Patasche, 21 VII 2003; 23–24: Cornillo nuovo; 25–26: Colle d’Arquata (Marche); 0 VI.2004; 27–28–29: slopes of the left side of the Tronto river close to Bivio per Amatrice, 0 VI.2004; 30: Bivio Salaria to Amatrice; 0 VI.2004; 31: Illica towards Poggio d’Api 0 VI.2004. Recieved 7. 4. 200 Revision recieved 18. . 200 Accepted 7. 10. 200 1 HacqueTIa 4/2 • 2005 Table1 (Tabela 1): Listero ovatae-Quercetum cerridis ass. nova Altitude m a.s.l. Exp. Slope ° 105 7255 5 5 . . 3 . 5 5205 2302 . 205405105101510 . 525 rel. number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10111213141516171819202122232425262728293031 pr. ne1050nne1155nnw1140wsw1135nnw1130n1175e1010ese1005ese990ne1200ene1230ne1250w1230ne1080wnw1070nw1085ne1180nw1150.1200nw1250ssw160ne1000nnw1175nw1160n1200w1155e920ene915e930ne950wnw 980 Listero ovatae-Quercetum cerridis T Lonicera xylosteum 232213232233123322221222122232231 Dactylorhiza maculata subsp. fuchsii . 11+ . 1++11+1+1+ . . . 11+1+11+ . . . . . 21 Listera ovata . 11+121221112 . + . ++ . . ++1111 . . . . . 21 Knautia drymeia subsp. centrifrons 1 . ++11++1212 . 1 . . . 1+1 . 1 . 1 . . . . . . . 17 Heracleum sphondylium subsp. ternatum.++.1+. .+. . .++1+. . . . .+. . . . . . .+.11 Pulmonario-Carpinenion Pulmonaria apennina 123221112222 . 22 . . 222 . ++ . . 1 . . . . . 20 Carpinion betuli/Erythronio-Carpinion Rosa arvensis 2323222211+2+2223212122++21122231 Primula acaulis 1111+111+1 . 1+111111111+121 . + . . 127 Prunus avium 2223212221+1123221 . +1+ . 2+ . 1122 . 27 dBromus ramosus 22122112+111 . 2 . 12211 . 11 . 11 . . . . +23 Lonicera caprifolium 1111121 . 1121 . 2112111 . 22211111+128 Crataegus laevigata 121212322212 . 11 . 1 . . . . . 11 . 1 . + . 1 . 20 Viola odorata . 11111111+11111+ . . ++++ . . . . . . . . . 19 tSalvia glutinosa +12. . .++1222.+. . .111.1. .+. . . . . .15 tPopulus tremula .............+....212322....... 7 Platanthera chlorantha .+.....+1........11........+... 6 Galium laevigatum .....+++++..................... 5 dAegopodium podagaria .........332............1+..... 5 tStachys sylvatica .............+.+.1+............ 4 tThalictrum aquilegifolium .1+..1........+................ 4 tUlmus glabra ..........1++.................. 3 Carex sylvatica ......................+..1..... 2 Galium sylvaticum 1.............................. 1 Galanthus nivalis .1............................. 1 Lilium martagon ...........+................... 1 Carpinus betulus ............................+.. 1 Ornitoghalum pyrenaicum .............................+. 1 Fagetalia sylvaticae Viola reichembachiana +++ . ++ . 2121+ . +111+1211++1 . . . . . +23 Geranium robertianum 121++++++1+1+ . 2 . . + . +2 . ++ . . . . . . . 19 Neottia nidus avis ++1.+.+. . . . .+.+.+111+.++++.+.+.18 Sanicula europaea .1++.1. .22.1.11. .2.1.+21+2. . . .117 Poa nemoralis 12212. . .11. .2+21211+.+. . . . . . . . .16 Mycelis muralis +. . .+. .+.11.+++.2.+.2+++.+. . . .+16 Acer pseudoplatanus .++1.++++. . .+. .+.++1. . . . . . . . . . .12 tCampanula trachelium . .+++. . . . . . . . .++++. . .+.+. . . . . . . 9 Moheringia trinervia +++1.........++1....+.......... 8 Fagus sylvatica .++.......1..+......+..1....... 6 Cephalantera damasonium .....+............+...+....11.+ 6 Euphorbia dulcis .......1+211................... 5 Euphorbia amygdaloides .......+.+12................... 4 Geranium nodosum ..........1..2.....2..+........ 4 Ranunculus nemorosus ......................++1.....1 4 1 ROmeO DI PIeTRO & GIaNcaRlO TONDI: a New mesOPHIlOus TuRkey-Oak wOODlaND assOcIaTION fROm laGa mTs. (ceNTRal ITaly) Altitude m a.s.l. Exp. Slope ° 105 7255 5 5 . . 3 . 5 5205 2302 . 205405105101510 . 525 rel. number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10111213141516171819202122232425262728293031 pr. ne1050nne1155nnw1140wsw1135nnw1130n1175e1010ese1005ese990ne1200ene1230ne1250w1230ne1080wnw1070nw1085ne1180nw1150.1200nw1250ssw160ne1000nnw1175nw1160n1200w1155e920ene915e930ne950wnw 980 dLapsana communis .+............+................ 2 Senecio nemorensis subsp. stabianus ....................+.++....... 3 tHepatica nobilis ........+..................+... 2 Solidago virgaurea ..........+................+... 2 dVicia sepium ......................1.......1 2 tAruncus dioicus +.............................. 1 Adenostyles australis .+............................. 1 Cephalanthera rubra ..+............................ 1 dSilene latifolia ............+.................. 1 Galium odoratum .............+................. 1 Dryopteris filix- mas ....................+.......... 1 dSaxifraga granulata ........................+...... 1 Quercetalia pubescenti-petraeae Luzula forsteri +++. .+1.+. . . . . .+.+. . . .1.+1. . .1113 dViola alba subsp. denhardtii +. . . . . . . . .+. .+1.11.+. . .+2.1111.13 Acer obtusatum .+....++1...+.........++1.....+ 9 Ostrya carpinifolia . .+. . . .+.1. . . .+.2. . . .1. . . . .+2. . 8 Chamaecytysus hirsutus ......................1++1+...2 6 Orchis purpurea ......................++.+.1+.+ 6 Digitalis micrantha .......++.....+.+....+......... 5 Brachypodium rupestre ..........................22+.. 3 Campanula persicifolia ..+.............+.............. 2 Lilium bulbiferum subsp. croceum ..............+.........+...... 2 Quercus pubescens ......................1.....+.. 2 Silene viridiflora .+............................. 1 Laburnum anagyroides ........+...................... 1 Digitalis ferruginea ......................+........ 1 Serratula tinctoria .......................1....... 1 Sorbus domestica ..........................+.... 1 Buglossoides purpurocaerulea ..............................+ 1 Querco-Fagetea Acer campestre 1+2123+2121212222211 . ++2+22221130 Quercus cerris . 44545544444544544454454555535530 Aremonia agrimonioides 11111+12+1 . 12+112111 . . 1121 . . ++226 Rubus hirtus 113222211113 . 2131323221 . . . ++ . + . 25 dFragaria vesca 1122122222+1 . 1121121 . 12122 . . . . 125 Clematis vitalba . +1221111+11 . 11+21++ . 111 . . . 2 . 2124 Brachypodium sylvaticum . . . 11122221122+ . 1121212122 . . . 2124 Festuca heterophylla 2222111+2111 . 1111+221 . 2 . . + . . . + . 23 Geum urbanum 12112 . 1+ . 11 . 212221112 . ++1 . . . . . +22 Cruciata glabra . 11+ . + . ++ . . ++ . +++1++ . . 11+++++ . 122 Veronica chamaedrys 1+11 . ++++ . . +1 . +21 . . . . . 1111 . . . . 118 Corylus avellana . 1222 . . . . . . . . 3 . +1322122 . . 2 . 221218 Epipactis helleborine +. . . . .1.+++.+. . . .+++2.+++.+.+++17 Lathyrus venetus .1++. . .+.21. .+111.1. .12. .1. . . . .14 Potentilla micrantha ++++. . . . . . .+11++1. .++.1. . . . . . .+14 17 HacqueTIa 4/2 • 2005 ne1050nne1155nnw1140wsw1135nnw1130n1175e1010ese1005ese990ne1200ene1230ne1250w1230ne1080wnw1070nw1085ne1180nw1150.1200nw1250ssw160ne1000nnw1175nw1160n1200w1155e920ene915e930ne950wnw 980 Altitude m a.s.l. Exp. Slope ° 105 7255 5 5 . . 3 . 5 5205 2302 . 205405105101510 . 525 rel. number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10111213141516171819202122232425262728293031 pr. Ranunculus lanuginosus 11+.121111.1+1. . . . . .1. . . . . . . . . .13 Malus sylvestris 11. .+++. . . .11+++.1. . . . . . . . . . . .+12 Calamintha sylvatica +. . . . . . .+. . .+1+++. . . . . . .+1. . . .+10 dValeriana officinalis .1++1. . . . .++. . . . . . . .1. .1+. . . . . . 9 Salix caprea ..1.2+..+1.1........+...+...... 8 Castanea sativa ....+............+111...+...... 6 Poa sylvicola ......+.+......+......+..1....+ 6 Melica uniflora ..1+.1...........+....+........ 5 dLychnis flos-cuculi ......++..............++.+..... 5 Ajuga reptans ........+..+..........+..1....+ 5 dAnthriscus sylvestris .++.+.......................... 3 Symphytum tuberosum .......+................2.....+ 3 Daphne laureola ..........+.+.................. 2 Sorbus aria ............+...........+...... 2 Silene nutans ...............1+.............. 2 Cyclamen hederifolium ........................++..... 2 Hedera helix ........................1..1... 2 Stachys officinalis .......+....................... 1 Cephalanthera longifolia ............................1.. 1 Hieracium sylvaticum ..............................1 1 Rhamno-Prunetea Crataegus monogyna ++1 . ++ . +++++2112+1+++ . 112121 . 2127 Juniperus communis . +++ . ++1++ . +++ . +++1++ . 21+11111226 Prunus spinosa 1 . 121112+1111+11 . ++ . . . 1+1111 . 2125 Pyrus piraster 11111+111 . 212111+1 . 1 . . 121 . 11 . 1 . 24 Cornus sanguinea 2++ . . . . . . . . . . +++1++ . . 112+1222 . +18 Cytysus scoparius 1.+. .11. . . . .1++++.+. . .1.+. . . . .113 Ligustrum vulgare ....+...........+.........21221 7 Rosa corymbifera 1+....1.+..+1.................. 6 Cytisus sessilifolius .......................++.+2+.1 6 Coronilla emerus subsp. emerus ........1.....+.1.+............ 4 Viburnum lantana ............+.............211.. 4 Rubus canescens 1............................+. 2 Rosa viscosa ............................1.+ 2 Ribes uva-crispa .......1....................... 1 Rubus ulmifolius ........................1...... 1 Ulmus minor ..........................1.... 1 other species Astragalus glyciphyllos +1111++++++ . 1+111 . 1 . . . 1++1 . . . . 122 Dactylis glomerata . . +++1+++1 . ++ . 1 . ++1+1 . 1 . ++ . . . ++21 Pteridium aquilinum . .1.1. . . .1.+11. . .+. . .++.11.+.++14 Carex flacca subsp. flacca +. . . . .1. . . . . . . . .+.+. . .11112122213 Clinopodium vulgare .++1. . . . . . . . .+21211. . .+. . . . . . .+11 Galium aparine 211+. . . . . . .++.+. . . . . . .+.+. . . .1.10 Vicia incana .++.+...2.............2++1...1110 Cherophyllum temulum .+.++. . . .1++.++. . . . .+. . . . . . . . . . 9 Arctium minus .....+.....++..+.+..+.......... 6 Agrimonia eupathoria .....+++.+..........2........+. 6 18 ne1050nne1155nnw1140wsw1135nnw1130n1175e1010ese1005ese990ne1200ene1230ne1250w1230ne1080wnw1070nw1085ne1180nw1150.1200nw1250ssw160ne1000nnw1175nw1160n1200w1155e920ene915e930ne950wnw 980 ROmeO DI PIeTRO & GIaNcaRlO TONDI: a New mesOPHIlOus TuRkey-Oak wOODlaND assOcIaTION fROm laGa mTs. (ceNTRal ITaly) Altitude m a.s.l. Exp. Slope ° 105 7255 5 5 . . 3 . 5 5205 2302 . 205405105101510 . 525 rel. number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10111213141516171819202122232425262728293031 pr. Genista tinctoria subsp. ovata . . . . .++. . . . .1. . . . . . . . .+.+.+. . . . 6 Urtica dioica .+..+..+.....++................ 5 Lathyrus pratensis .....++...............++1...... 5 Trfolium medium .....++++...................... 4 Galium album ....+.............+.....++..... 4 Viola canina ......................++.+....1 4 Poa trivialis +.....................+.1...... 3 Leopoldia comosa ...+....................+....+. 3 Hieracium racemosus ...+............+.....+........ 3 Peucedanum oreoselinum .....++.+...................... 3 Trifolium ochroleucum ............1..........+......+ 3 Sedum caepea ..............++1.............. 3 Epilobium montanum ..............+.....+...+...... 3 Silene italica ......................+.+.....1 3 Colchicum lusitanicum .......................+.+...+. 3 Ranunculus bulbosus ........................1+...+. 3 Teucrium chamaedrys ........................+..+..1 3 Rumex acetosa +.......................1...... 2 Hypericum perforatum .....+...+..................... 2 Silene vulgaris .....+.........+............... 2 Hypericum hirsutum .......+..........+............ 2 Hieracium lachenalii ........+.....................+ 2 Rumex sanguineus .........+..+.................. 2 Chaerophyllum aureum ............1.+................ 2 Aquilegia vulgaris .................+...+......... 2 Cerastium arvense ........................+.....+ 2 Laserpitium latifolium ......................1...+.... 2 Lathyrus sylvestris ......................+...+.... 2 number of species per relevée 44 57 58 44 45 50 47 50 56 47 40 47 49 50 57 45 47 46 45 38 35 32 69 50 64 45 26 33 25 34 54 19 HacqueTIa 4/2 • 2005 Table 2: Synoptic table of the mesophilous Quercus cerris woodlands within the Apennines. Tabela 2: Sinoptična tabela mezofilnih cerovih gozdov na Apeninih. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Number of relevés per column 31 16 12 21 26 26 8 10 8 7 5 6 ? ? Listero ovatae-Quercetum cerridis Dactylorhiza maculata s.l. 77 94 41 81 7 . . . . . . . V V Knautia drymeia subsp. centrifrons 73 . . . . . . . . . . . . . Listera ovata 77 81 . 29 4 . . . . . . . IV . Lonicera xylosteum 100 75 . 43 . . 13 . . . . 50 . IV Heracleum sphondylium subsp. ternatum 45 . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pulmonario-Carpinenion betuli Pulmonaria apennina 64 38 75 100 74 19 . . . 29 . 17 III III Anemone trifolia . 81 . 100 . 42 . . . . . 83 II . Carpinion betuli Primula acaulis 95 94 92 76 70 . 13 60 63 14 40 67 IV V Carpinus betulus 5 38 83 100 78 19 38 . 50 57 20 100 II V Corylus avellana 55 25 50 100 56 54 . 10 . 57 100 17 II V Lonicera caprifolium 86 100 42 81 96 . . 60 100 43 100 83 V V Prunus avium 95 75 42 14 4 . 38 20 25 . . 17 IV IV Crataegus laevigata 68 81 75 95 41 . 63 . 38 57 . 83 IV V Rosa arvensis 100 100 100 100 96 . . . 88 . . 67 V V Lilium martagon 5 . 67 71 7 . . . . . . 33 . . Populus tremula 23 . 17 . . . . 10 . . 20 . . . Bromus ramosus 86 88 . 48 4 . . . . . . . III III Stellaria holostea . . 33 . 22 . . . . 29 . 33 . . Galanthus nivalis 5 . 67 5 . . . . . . . . . . Aegopodium podagraria 14 . . 95 . . . . . . . 17 . III Ornithogalum pyrenaicum 5 . 17 19 19 . . . . . . . . . Allium pendulinum . . . . 11 . . 30 75 . . . . . Physospermum cornubiense . . . . . 62 13 60 . . . . . . Viola odorata 86 . . . 19 . . . . . . . . . Asarum europaeum . . . 100 . . . . . 14 . . . III Melampyrum nemorosum . . . . . . . . . . 40 . . . Ranunculus nemorosus 18 19 . . . . . . . . . . . . Vinca minor . . . . . . . . . . . 33 . . Erythronium dens canis . . . . . . . . . . . 83 . . Geranio-Fagion Cyclamen hederifolium 9 . 75 43 15 15 . 40 75 . 20 83 . . Ranunculus lanuginosus 59 . . 24 26 . . 50 50 . . . . . Anemone apennina . . 58 . 15 . . . 25 . . . . . Geranium versicolor . . . . 74 . . . . . . . . . Luzula sicula . . . 7 . . . . . . . . . Acer lobelii . . . . 11 . . . . . . . . . Fagion sylvaticae Acer pseudoplatanus 55 . 17 10 4 . 13 . . 29 . . . . Galium odoratum 5 . 33 57 26 . . . . . 40 . . III Lathyrus vernus . . . 10 19 15 . . . . 20 17 . . Cardamine kitaibelii . . 58 . 4 . . . . . . . . . Lamiastrum galeobdolon . . . 52 11 . . . . . . . . . Asperula taurina . . . 38 11 . . . . . . . . . 20 ROmeO DI PIeTRO & GIaNcaRlO TONDI: a New mesOPHIlOus TuRkey-Oak wOODlaND assOcIaTION fROm laGa mTs. (ceNTRal ITaly) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 91011 121314 Number of relevés per column 31 16 12 21 26 26 8 10 8 7 5 6 ? ? Paris quadrifolia . . . 19 . . . . . . . . . . Fagetalia sylvaticae s.l. Viola riviniana+reichenbachiana 86 88 83 67 44 19 63 20 88 14 40 50 V V Euphorbia dulcis 23 50 50 52 . 19 . 10 25 . 20 67 . III Fagus sylvatica 23 25 67 81 63 12 . 30 . 14 . . II IV Euphorbia amygdaloides 18 . 50 10 59 . 38 10 13 71 . . . . Campanula trachelium 36 44 50 5 4 . . 20 13 43 . . II III Neottia nidus-avis 55 . 25 14 41 . . . 13 . 20 . . . Sanicula europaea 55 81 58 19 48 . . . . 14 . . V V Geranium nodosum 14 13 . 100 . 27 . 20 . . . 17 III V Poa nemoralis 73 . . . 11 27 . 60 13 14 . . . . Ilex aquifolium . . 17 43 26 19 . 20 . . 40 . . . Aremonia agrimonoides 86 25 25 48 93 . . . . . . . II III Anemone nemorosa . . . . . 15 25 80 63 . . 33 . . Mercurialis perennis . . 17 38 22 . . 10 . . . . . . Vicia sepium 9 19 . 5 30 . . 10 . . . . . III Salvia glutinosa 64 13 . . . 23 . . . . . . IV III Mycelis muralis 55 . 33 . 30 . . . . . . . . . Dryopteris filix-mas 5 . . 5 . 23 . . . . . . . . Epilobium montanum 9 . 8 . . 4 . . . . . . . . Cephalanthera rubra 5 . 8 . . 31 . . . . . . . . Geranium robertianum 77 . . . 26 15 . . . . . . . . Cephalantera damasonium 9 31 . . 7 . . . . . . . II II Polygonatum multiflorum . . 8 71 30 . . . . . . . . II Euonymus latifolius . . 25 61 26 . . . . . . . . . Scilla bifolia . . 42 5 . . . . . . . 17 . . Anemone ranucnuloides . . 8 . 4 . . . . . . 17 . . Arum maculatum . . . 71 . . 13 30 . . . . . V Moehringia trinervia 36 . . . . . . . 25 . . . . . Lapsana communis 9 . . . . . . . . 29 . . . . Adoxa moschatellina . . 17 10 . . . . . . . . . . Polystichum setiferum . . 33 . 11 . . . . . . . . . Ruscus hypoglossum . . 17 . 4 . . . . . . . . . Milium effusum . . . 48 19 . . . . . . . . . Cardamine heptaphylla . . . 29 11 . . . . . . . . . Aruncus dioicus 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . Allium ursinum . . . 14 . . . . . . . . . . Hordelymus europaeus . . . 14 . . . . . . . . . . Abies alba . . . . 7 . . . . . . . . . Athyrium filix-foemina . . . . . . . 10 . . . . . . Quercetalia pubescenti-petraeae s.l. Cornus mas . 100 58 10 19 15 88 40 100 57 60 67 IV III Sorbus torminalis . 19 25 33 15 4 25 30 88 86 . 67 II . Fraxinus ornus . 100 33 . 26 69 63 60 38 43 100 100 III . Ostrya carpinifolia 27 100 17 . . 46 25 10 . 43 60 17 IV III Luzula forsteri 36 50 91 . . . 50 80 100 57 20 83 V III 21 HacqueTIa 4/2 • 2005 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Number of relevés per column 31 16 12 21 26 26 8 10 8 7 5 6 ? ? Viola alba Besser subsp. dehnhardtii 32 81 . . 30 . 75 80 75 57 60 100 III II Quercus pubescens 9 44 33 . . 38 63 70 25 14 100 33 . . Sorbus domestica 5 50 42 . . 4 50 60 88 86 60 17 . . Lilium bulbiferum subsp. croceum 5 88 41 14 26 . . . . . 40 67 IV III Buglossoides purpurocaerulea 5 19 . . 4 35 63 20 . 43 60 . . . Lathyrus niger . . . 10 . . 25 50 50 . . 83 . II Silene viridiflora 5 . 33 . . . . . 38 14 . . . . Aristolochia lutea . . 50 . . 38 . 40 . 29 . . . . Brachypodium rupestre 14 94 . . . 69 38 50 . . . . III II Serratula tinctoria 5 . . . . . 13 30 25 . . 83 . . Orchis purpurea 27 94 . . . . . . . . . . II . Veronica chamaedrys 59 . . 10 . . . . . . . . II . Acer monspessulanum . . . . 4 12 38 . . . . . . . Carpinus orientalis . . . . 4 . . 80 . . 100 . . . Mespilus germanica . . . . . . 13 . 13 29 . . . . Cytisus villosus . . . . . 15 . 10 . . . . . . Aristolochia rotunda . . . . . . 38 20 . . . . . . Erica scoparia . . . . . . 25 60 . . . . . . Helleborus bocconei subsp. siculus . . 25 . . . . . . . . . . . Polygonatum odoratum . . . . . 12 . . . . . . . . Sesleria autumnalis . . . . . 38 . . . . . . . . Crepis leontodontoides . . . . . . 50 . . . . . . . Pulicaria odora . . . . . . 25 . . . . . . . Quercus frainetto . . . . . . 25 . . . . . . . Asparagus tenuifolius . . . . . . . 10 . . . . . . Echinops siculus . . . . . . . . 13 . . . . . Teucrium siculum . . . . . . . . 75 . . . . . Malus florentina . . . . . . . . . . . 50 . . Quercetalia robori-petraeae s.l. Cytisus scoparius 45 . . . . 31 25 40 75 29 . . . . Teucrium scorodonia . . . . . 42 25 20 . . . . . . Genista germanica . . . . . 27 . 30 25 . . . . . Luzula pilosa . . . 19 . . . 10 . . . . . . Lathyrus montanus . . . . . 50 . 50 . . . . . . Hieracium racemosum 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hieracium lachenalii 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . Deschampsia flexuosa . . . 24 . . . . . . . . . . Viola canina 18 . . . . 54 . . . . . . . . Genista pilosa . . . . . 42 . . . . . . . . Ulex europaeus . . . . . 15 . . . . . . . . Holcus mollis . . . . . . . . 50 . . . . . Lychnis coronaria . . . . . . . . . 29 . . . . Querco-Fagetea s.l. Quercus cerris 95 100 100 100 100 100 100 90 100 86 100 100 V V Festuca heterophylla 91 50 100 33 19 23 75 80 100 43 100 67 II III Cruciata glabra 64 75 75 19 15 38 63 90 100 71 60 67 V IV Acer campestre 95 75 50 100 100 69 75 70 38 43 . 50 V V Melica uniflora 18 50 92 100 78 31 88 50 63 . 60 17 IV V 22 ROmeO DI PIeTRO & GIaNcaRlO TONDI: a New mesOPHIlOus TuRkey-Oak wOODlaND assOcIaTION fROm laGa mTs. (ceNTRal ITaly) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 91011 121314 Number of relevés per column 31 16 12 21 26 26 8 10 8 7 5 6 ? ? Brachypodium sylvaticum 82 . 67 19 56 35 88 60 50 29 40 17 . . Melittis melissophyllum . 63 42 19 7 31 25 50 38 14 60 83 . . Hedera helix 9 94 67 81 96 31 88 50 50 71 60 67 IV V Fragaria vesca 91 100 92 14 37 . 63 50 75 71 60 67 IV IV Acer obtusatum 23 100 75 76 48 . 13 . 13 29 40 33 III IV Tamus communis . 88 . 76 48 69 75 60 75 57 20 67 V IV Lathyrus venetus 55 94 25 71 26 15 13 20 25 71 . . III V Daphne laureola 9 25 100 86 93 15 38 20 13 . 60 . . III Malus sylvestris 50 19 33 62 11 . 13 20 38 . . 50 . III Pyrus pyraster 82 38 25 62 30 . 88 70 75 . . 67 III . Hepatica nobilis 5 100 100 81 11 27 . . . . 60 100 II IV Clematis vitalba 86 50 . 10 22 38 63 30 . 43 . . IV III Symphytum tuberosum 5 . 42 86 . 8 50 70 63 . 20 . . III Ajuga reptans 9 63 . 38 15 . 38 . . . 20 50 IV V Potentilla micrantha 55 19 8 . 15 58 . . 75 . . 67 . III Carex sylvatica 9 13 75 57 4 . . 30 25 . 20 . IV IV Sorbus aria 5 31 42 . 4 42 . . . . 20 . . . Castanea sativa 23 . . . . 42 . 20 25 86 60 . . . Solidago virgaurea 5 100 25 43 . . . 70 . . . 83 II V Ulmus minor 5 13 . . . 12 50 30 . . . 33 . . Quercus petraea . . . . . 38 38 30 88 . . 67 . . Geum urbanum 82 . 33 14 44 . . . . . . . II II Rubus hirtus 95 . . 100 96 . . . 100 . . . II . Platanthera clorantha 23 19 100 . . . . 20 . . . . . . Cardamine bulbifera . . 58 90 41 . . . . . . 33 . III Cephalanthera longifolia 5 31 17 . . 23 . . 75 . . . . . Carex digitata . 69 . 14 . . . . . . 60 17 . II Laburnum anagyroides 5 . 25 . . 19 . . . . . . . . Epipactis helleborine 45 . . . 22 . . 10 . . . . . . Poa sylvicola 14 . . . . . 50 40 . . . . . . Lychnis flos-cuculi 9 . . . . . . 30 25 . . . . . Scutellaria columnae . . . . 15 . . . 63 43 . . . . Helleborus bocconei subsp. bocconei . 63 . . . . 25 . . . . 33 IV IV Hieracium sylvaticum 5 . . . . . . . 100 . 40 33 . . Hieracium gr. murorum . 63 25 . . . . 50 . . . . . . Ulmus glabra 14 . . . 4 . . . . . . . . . Campanula persicifolia 9 . . . . 4 . . . . . . . . Aquilegia vulgaris 9 . . . . . . 10 . . . . . . Chaerophyllum temulum 41 . . . . . . . . 29 . . . . Calamintha sylvatica 32 13 . . . . . . . . . . . . Saxifraga rotundifolia . . 8 . 4 . . . . . . . . . Fraxinus excelsior . . . 10 4 . . . . . . . . . Luzula sylvatica . . 17 . . . . . . . . . . . Acer opalus subsp. opalus . . . . . 54 . . . . . . . . Tilia platyphyllos . . . . 4 . . . . . . . . . Quercetea ilicis s.l. . . Cyclamen repandum . 31 . . . . . 50 13 . 100 . . . Asplenium onopteris . . 8 . . . 13 20 . . . . . . 23 HacqueTIa 4/2 • 2005 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Number of relevés per column 31 16 12 21 26 26 8 10 8 7 5 6 ? ? Erica arborea . . . . . 27 25 . 38 . . . . . Quercus ilex . . . . . 12 . 30 . . 60 . . . Lonicera etrusca . . 8 . . . 50 . . . . . . . Rosa sempervirens . . . . . . 50 30 . . . . . . Arbutus unedo . . . . . . . 10 . . . . . . Rubia peregrina . . . . . . . . . . 20 . . . Asparagus acutifolius . . . . . . . . . . 60 . . . Osyris alba . . . . . . . . . . 20 . . . Rhamno-Prunetea s.l. Crataegus monogyna 86 94 58 5 74 38 88 90 88 29 40 83 V V Euonymus europaeus . 31 67 76 52 . 88 50 38 14 40 33 II III Ligustrum vulgare 9 13 25 29 85 . 13 60 25 . 100 50 II . Cornus sanguinea 45 100 8 14 41 46 . 70 . 29 . 17 V V Prunus spinosa 77 44 17 33 . . 100 80 50 29 . 50 IV V Juniperus communis 77 81 8 . . 19 50 70 88 . 20 50 II II Coronilla emerus s.l. 18 88 . . . 54 . . . 100 60 83 . II Viburnum lantana 5 . . 5 . 35 . . . . . 50 . . Rubus canescens 5 . . . . 27 38 . . . 40 . . . Rosa canina . 31 . . . . 50 40 . 86 . . III III Rubus ulmifolius Schott 5 50 . . . . 50 60 . 86 . . III IV Pyracantha coccinea M.J. Roemer . 31 . . . . 13 20 . . 60 . . . Cytisus sessilifolius 27 . 8 . 4 31 . . . . . . . . Ribes uva-crispa 5 . . . 11 . . . . . . . . . Rubus caesius . . 8 . . . . . . . . 33 . . Rosa gallica . . . . . . 50 30 . . . . . . Rosa corymbifera 27 . . . . . . . . . . . . . Juniperus oxycedrus subsp. oxycedrus . . . . . . . . . . 40 . . . other species Pteridium aquilinum 36 25 33 71 19 58 13 40 . 57 20 . III V Stachys officinalis 5 38 . . . . 63 80 100 29 20 83 . . Ruscus aculeatus . . 17 . . 19 63 40 75 86 40 33 . . Clinopodium vulgare 41 13 17 . . . 38 50 25 43 . . . . Dactylis glomerata 73 50 . 5 . . 75 30 63 57 . . II . Carex flacca s.l. 18 88 . . . . 25 60 50 . . 100 II II Digitalis micrantha 23 . . . . . 38 20 38 14 . . . . Astragalus glycyphyllos 77 31 . . 19 12 . 10 . . . . . IV Hypericum montanum 5 . 25 . . 81 . . 50 . . . . . Oenanthe pimpinelloides . . 17 . . . 75 30 50 . . . . . Silene italica subsp. italica 14 . 8 . . . 13 20 50 . . . . . Genista tinctoria subsp. tinctoria 14 . . . . . . 20 . . 20 . . . Sedum cepaea 14 . . . . . . . 25 43 . . . . Veronica officinalis . . 33 . . 27 . 10 . . . . . . Teucrium chamaedrys 14 . . . . 8 25 10 . . . . . . Polypodium gr. vulgare 5 31 . . . . . . . . 20 . Sesleria italica 5 38 . . . . . . . . . . . . Cruciata laevipes 5 . 50 . . . . . . . . . . . Chaerophyllum aureum 9 . . 5 . . . . . . . . . . Galium aparine 32 . . . 48 . . . . . . . . . 24 ROmeO DI PIeTRO & GIaNcaRlO TONDI: a New mesOPHIlOus TuRkey-Oak wOODlaND assOcIaTION fROm laGa mTs. (ceNTRal ITaly) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 91011 121314 Number of relevés per column 31 16 12 21 26 26 8 10 8 7 5 6 ? ? Alliaria petiolata 5 . . . 11 . . . . . . . . . Rumex sanguineus 9 . . . 11 . . . . . . . . . Chaerophyllum hirsutum 27 . . . 11 . . . . . . . . . Agrimonia eupatoria 23 . . . . . 38 . . . . . . . Campanula rapunculus 5 . . . . . 50 . . . . . . . Prunella vulgaris 5 . . . . . 38 . . . . . . . Trifolium medium 18 . . . . . . 10 . . . . . . Hypericum hirsutum 9 . . . . . . 20 . . . . . . Cerastium arvense 9 . . . . . . 20 . . . . . . Inula conyza 5 . . . . . . 30 . . . . . . Arum italicum Miller . . 17 . 11 . . . . . . . . . Helleborus foetidus . . . . 30 . 50 . . . . . . . Bunium bulbocastanum . 19 . 14 . . . . . . . . II II Symphytum bulbosum . . . . . 19 . . . . . 17 . . Geranium sanguineum . . . . . . 25 30 . . . . . . Filipendula vulgaris . . . . . . 25 20 . . . . . . Anthoxanthum odoratum . . . . . . . 20 25 . . . . . Table 2: Synoptic table. columns:1: Listero ovatae-Quercetum cerridis; 2: Aceri obtusati-Quercetum cerridis; 3: Carici sylvaticae-Quercetum cerridis; 4: Centaureo montanae-Carpinetum betuli; 5: Aremonio agrimonioidis-Quercetum cerridis; 6: Lathyro montani-Quercetum cerridis; 7: Melico uniflorae-Quercetum cerridis; 8: Allio pendulini- Quercetum cerridis; 9: Cephalanthero longifoliae-Quercetum cerridis; 10: Coronillo emeri-Quercetum cerridis; 11: Daphno laureolae-Quercetum cerridis; 12: Erythronio dentis canis-Quercetum cerridis; 13: Salvio glutinosae-Quercetum cerridis; 14: Salvio-Quercetum cerridis arisaretosum. 2