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Knjižnica 47(2003)1-2, 41-68 42 nikov, vendar pa si je ves ta čas ohranila pravico nadzora nad vsebino učbenikov, zara- di česar je naš sistem izdajanja učbenikov bliže državam s procesno kot pa s finalno zakonodajo. Ključne besede : učbeniki, javne šole, knjižno založništvo, trg, šolska zakonodaja Original scientific article UDC 655.413:371.67(100) Abstract The paper analyzes differences in primary school textbook publishing models in Eu- ropean Union, United States and Slovenia. Regardless the fact that there exist impor- tant differences among these models, in the majority of states there is competition among textbooks for the same subject. Nevertheless, the textbook is not a marketable good as any other: it is also a carrier of social and cultural values. Even more, in most cases, the decision which textbook to buy is not taken by the parent who pays for the textbook, but by the teacher who has no financial obligations in the whole process. As a result, textbook market is unperfect, and the majority of states regulates it more thoroughly than markets for other goods. Adoption processes are one of the most important keys for understanding the nature of such regulation. They are closely re- lated to the nature of educational legislation: in the states with final-oriented legisla- tion, the adoption processes are more common than in the states with process-orient- ed legislation. In Slovenia, the state has started to withdraw from textbook publishing in early eighties. Nevertheless, the state still adopts and evaluates textbook content, and is therefore more process than final oriented. Key words : textbooks, public schools, book publishing, market, school legislation 1 Učbeniki kot regulirano blago Učbeniki se v vsaj treh pomembnih segmentih razlikujejo od ostalih knjig. Pov- sem na kratko rečeno, njihove vsebine, način njihovega trženja in njihovo raz- merje do države, so učbenike spremenile v posebno knjižno zvrst, ki živi samo- svoje založniško in avtorsko življenje, ločeno od ostalih knjižnih trgov. Ta sa- mosvojost je seveda posledica dejstva, da so učbeniki vpeti v pedagoški proces, zaradi česar se pogosto zdi, da zanje veljajo predvsem tista pravila in zakonito- sti, ki naddoločajo vzgojno-izobraževalni sistem in šolski prostor. A to je le del resnice. Učbeniki imajo v večini razvitih držav status blaga, ki ga izdajajo zasebni založniki zato, da bi od svojega početja imeli dobiček. Lahko bi celo rekli, da pomenijo učbeniki tisto točko, na kateri v razvitih državah trg, konkurenca in zasebno podjetništvo posežejo v šolski sistem – in to ne glede na to, ali v državi prevladuje zasebno ali javno šolstvo. Ker je namreč osnovno šolan-