kazalo.p65

Knjižnica 48(2004)3, 7-31 8 Original scientific article UDC 371.671.1:655.41:330.342.14-15 Abstract In its first part, the paper analyses the ambiguous nature of the book as a medium: its physical production and its distribution to the end user takes place on a market basis; on the other hand, its content is predominantly consumed in a sector that was at least in the continental Europe traditionally considered as public and non-profit making. This ambiguous nature of the book and with it the impact of the market on the orga- nization of knowledge in book format remains a dark spot in contemporary book re- search. On the other hand, textbooks are considered as ephemera both in contempo- rary education and book studies. Therefore, research on textbooks publishing mo- dels could be considered as a blind-spot of contemporary social studies. As a conse- quence, in the majority of European countries, textbook publishing and the organiza- tion of the textbook market are considered as self-evident. Throughout a comparative analysis of textbook publishing models in small transitional and developed countries, the paper points out that this self-evident organization of the textbook market is always culturally determined. In its final part, the paper compares different models of text- book publishing and outlines the scenarios for the development of the Slovene text- book market. Key words : textbooks, organization of knowledge, book market, education, teaching, learning, transition countries 1 Uvod Tiskana knjiga je, odkar obstaja, medij z dvojno eksistenco: po eni strani s svojo umetniško, religiozno, znanstveno ali zgolj poljudno in zabavno vsebino pravi- loma posega v sfero, ki v zahodni kulturni tradiciji velja za vzdignjeno nad ba- nalnost vsakdanjih tržnih razmerij, po drugi strani pa je kot fizični izdelek knjiga nedvomno tržni predmet, ki od avtorja do bralca prek založnika, tiskarja in knjigotržca potuje s pomočjo mehanizmov ponudbe in povpraševanja. Če je to- rej sama vsebina knjige nematerialna kulturna dobrina, je njen tradicionalni materialni nosilec (potiskan, med platnice zvezan papir) tržni predmet par excel- lence – in tako je že od samih začetkov tiska naprej, saj je v Evropi že tisk prve knjige, Gutenbergovega Svetega pisma, zaznamoval sodni spor o delitvi dobička, v katerem sta si nasproti stala Johan Gutenberg kot izumitelj tiska s premičnimi črkami ter Joachim Fust kot investitor v Gutenbergovo tiskarsko delavnico. Značilno za ta spor je dvoje: ohranjeni sodni spis o njem je neprecenljiv doku- ment o tem, kako je bil tisk sploh izumljen, hkrati pa nas dejstvo, da se je v tem sporu že davnega leta 1455 sodišče postavilo na stran investitorja, ne pa izumi- telja, zelo jasno opozarja, da je že ob rojstvu tiska za samo delovanje založniškega